A City of Marble

Kathleen S. Lamp

Description

In A City of Marble, Kathleen Lamp argues that classical rhetorical theory shaped the Augustan cultural campaigns and that in turn the Augustan cultural campaigns functioned rhetorically to help Augustus gain and maintain power and to influence civic identity and participation in the Roman Principate (27 b. c. e.—14 c. e.).

Lamp begins by studying rhetorical treatises, those texts most familiar to scholars of rhetoric, and moves on to those most obviously using rhetorical techniques in visual form. She then arrives at those objects least recognizable as rhetorical artifacts, but perhaps most significant to the daily lives of the Roman people—coins, altars, wall painting. This progression also captures the development of the Augustan political myth that Augustus was destined to rule and lead Rome to greatness as a descendant of the hero Aeneas.

A City of Marble examines the establishment of this myth in state rhetoric, traces its circulation, and finally samples its popular receptions and adaptations. In doing so, Lamp inserts a long-excluded though significant audience—the common people of Rome—into contemporary understandings of rhetorical history and considers Augustan culture as significant in shaping civic identity, encouraging civic participation, and promoting social advancement.

Lamp approaches the relationship between classical rhetoric and Augustan culture through a transdisciplinary methodology drawn from archaeology, art and architectural history, numismatics, classics, and rhetorical studies. By doing so, she grounds Dionysius of Halicarnassus's claims that the Principate represented a renaissance of rhetoric rooted in culture and a return to an Isocratean philosophical model of rhetoric, thus offering a counterstatement to the "decline narrative" that rhetorical practice withered in the early Roman Empire. Thus Lamp's work provides a step toward filling the disciplinary gap between Cicero and the Second Sophistic.

Sujets

• Disciplines
• Language Arts
• HISTORY
• Roma (serie de televisión)
• Principado (Roma)
• Roman mythology
• Augustus (honorific)
• The Philosopher
• Venus Genetrix (sculpture)
• Temple of Jupiter Stator (8th century BC)
• Forum of Augustus
• Imperial cult (ancient Rome)
• Roman sculpture
• Principate
• The Roman Revolution
• Hellenistic period
• Rome Rule
• Plebs
• Culture of Greece
• Patrician (ancient Rome)
• Clementia
• Architecture of ancient Rome
• Ancient history
• Vitruvius
• Semantics
• Rhetoric
• Rome
• Ancient
• Vitruve

Informations

• Publié par: University of South Carolina Press
• Date de parution: 15 octobre 2013
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781611173369
• Langue: English

Extrait

A CITY OF MARBLE
Kathleen S. Lamp
THE RHETORIC OF AUGUSTAN ROME
A CITY OF MARBLE


Studies in Rhetoric/Communication Thomas W. Benson, Series Editor
The University of South Carolina Press
2013 University of South Carolina
Published by the University of South Carolina Press Columbia, South Carolina 29208
www.sc.edu/uscpress
22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Lamp, Kathleen S. A city of marble : the rhetoric of Augustus and the people in the Roman principate / Kathleen S. Lamp. pages. cm. - (Studies in rhetoric/communication) ISBN 978-1-61117-277-5 (hardbound : alk. paper) - ISBN 978-1-61117-336-9 (ebook) 1. Rhetoric, Ancient. 2. Augustus, Emperor of Rome, 63 B.C. -14 A.D. 3. Latin literature-History and criticism. I . Title. II . Series: Studies in rhetoric/communication.
PA6085.L36 2013
808 .0471-dc23
2013010905
To my teachers and my students
Litterae thesaurum est, et artificium nunquam moritur.
Petronius Arbiter, Satyricon, 46
CONTENTS
List of Illustrations
Series Editor s Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction: A City of Brick
1 Augustus s Rhetorical Situation
2 Seeing Rhetorical Theory
3 The Augustan Political Myth
4 Let Us Now Praise Great Men
5 Coins, Material Rhetoric, and Circulation
6 The Augustan Political Myth in Vernacular Art
7 (Freed)men and Monkeys
Conclusion: A New Narrative
Notes
Bibliography
Index
ILLUSTRATIONS
1. Ara Pacis Augustae, 13-9 B.C.E. , from the front
2. Ara Pacis Augustae, Aeneas scene
3. Ara Pacis Augustae, Mars scene
4. Ara Pacis Augustae, Augustus, detail from south frieze
5. Ara Pacis Augustae, Roma scene
6. Ara Pacis Augustae, Tellus scene
7. Aureus of L. Livineius Regulus, 42 B.C.E.
8. Rome, Forum of Augustus, plan showing recently excavated double exedrae
9. Forum of Augustus, model showing Temple of Mars Ultor and colonnades
10. Forum of Augustus, archaeological remains of the Temple of Mars Ultor
11. Forum of Augustus, archaeological remains of the northwest exedra
12. Re-creation of the Aeneas group from the Forum of Augustus
13. Re-creation of one of the summi viri based on fragments from the Forum of Augustus
14. Denarius of C Marius and CF Tro, 13 B.C.E. , Augustus as priest holding a simpulum
15. Denarius of C Marius and CF Tro, 13 B.C.E. , portrait head of Augustus with lituus
16. Aureus of C. Antistius Reginus, 13 B.C.E. , portrait head of Augustus wearing oak wreath
17. Denarius of C. Antistius Reginus, 13 B.C.E. , portrait head of Augustus
18. Aureus of C. Sulpicius Platorinus, 13 B.C.E. , portrait head of Augustus wearing oak wreath
19. Denarius from the Imperial mint at Lugdunum, 2 B.C.E. -4 C.E. , portrait head of Augustus, laureate
20. Dupondius from the Imperial mint at Lugdunum, 9-14 C.E. , portrait head of Augustus, laureate
21. Dupondius from the Imperial mint at Lugdunum, 8-10 C.E. , portrait head of Tiberius, laureate
22. Denarius from an Italian mint, 32 B.C.E. -29 B.C.E. , Venus
23. Denarius of L. Lentulus, 12 B.C.E. , portrait head of Augustus
24. Sestertius of C. Cassius Celer, 16 B.C.E. , Ob Civis Servatos with oak wreath
25. Dupondius of C. Plotius Rufus, 15 B.C.E. , Augustus Tribunic Potest in oak wreath
26. As of L. Naevius Surdinus, 15 B.C.E. , portrait head of Augustus
27. Quadrans of Livineius, 8 B.C.E. , simpulum and lituus
28. Quadrans of Livineius Regulus, 8 B.C.E. , SC with cornucopia
29. Quadrans of Livineius Regulus, 8 B.C.E. , clasped hands with caduceus
30. Aureus of Q. Rustius, 19 B.C.E. , Fortuna Victrix and Fortuna Felix
31. Dupondius or As of M. Maecilius Tullus, 7 B.C.E. , portrait head of Augustus, laureate
32. Altar of the Lares from the Vicus Sandaliarius, Victory with shield and corona civica with laurels
33. Altar of the Lares dedicated by slaves, Laurel
34. Denarius from Spanish mint, 19-18 B.C.E. , portrait head of Augustus wearing oak wreath
35. Denarius from Spanish mint, 19 B.C.E. , portrait head of Augustus
36. Altar of the Lares, 7 B.C.E. , Aeneas and Prophet
37. Altar of the Lares, 7 B.C.E. , Apotheosis of Caesar
38. Altar of the Lares, 7 B.C.E. , victory with shield between laurels
39. Altar of the Lares, 7 B.C.E. , Augustus handing his Lares to the priests of the cult
40. Altar from the vicus Sandaliarius, Augustus, Lucius, and Livia
41. Altar of the Lares dedicated by slaves, Wreath with Names of the Dedicants
42. Altar of the Lares from the vicus Aesculeti, Vicomagistri with sacrificial victims, lictor, and flute player
43. Altar of the Lares Augusti dedicated by women, woman sacrificing
44. Altar of the Lares Augusti dedicated by women, another woman sacrificing
45. Tomb of C. Calventius Quietus, Porta Ercolano, Pompeii, first century
46. Tomb of C. Calventius Quietus, detail of inscription
47. Shop on the Via dell Abbondanza in Pompeii, first century
48. Parody of Aeneas from a villa near Stabiae
49. Parody of Aeneas, re-creation
SERIES EDITOR S PREFACE
The role of rhetoric in Rome after the fall of the republic has been debated for two thousand years. In City of Marble: The Rhetoric of Augustan Rome , Kathleen S. Lamp synthesizes scholarship from rhetorical studies and several related fields to create a fresh understanding of rhetorical theory and practice in the principate of Augustus, who ruled Rome from 27 B.C.E. to 14 C.E. Lamp finds that rhetoric in the Augustan age was deeply rooted in earlier rhetorical theories and practices, that it was civic in its themes, that it was widely practiced, and that rhetoric was both verbal and visual, practiced in epideictic oratory, coins, altars, images, wall paintings, public buildings, city planning, and monuments, all working to define the state and the civic role of audiences high and low.
Lamp argues that Augustus was faced with the rhetorical problems not only of how to consolidate his rule in Rome, but also how to create a new system of government and to create rhetoric that defined, legitimized, and popularized it. Enlarging the scope of rhetoric beyond forensic, deliberative, and epideictic speechmaking to include visual and other media, Lamp illustrates, is not simply a projection of twenty-first-century rhetorical perspectives onto Roman rhetoric; rather, Roman rhetoricians themselves included these media in their theories and their practices. A detailed review of Roman theories and beliefs permits Lamp and her reader to engage the multimediated rhetorical practices of Augustan Rome in rhetorical terms-as the Romans themselves would have experienced and understood them.
Beginning with the Ara Pacis -the Augustan Altar of Peace-Lamp illustrates the development of the Augustan myth, which rooted the principate in the stories of Aeneas and of Romulus and Remus, establishing sole authority without identifying with the mythically expelled system of Roman kings. She shows how the development of the Augustan myth appealed to and gave a role to the common people of Rome. This was not democracy, but it was broadly popular civic participation, and, while it asserted the authority of the ruler, it implicitly acknowledged the obligation of the ruler to establish and sustain his legitimacy through rhetorical means that were widely shared.
Thomas W. Benson
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would like to thank my teachers: Susan Stevens and James Hoban (Randolph-Macon Woman s College); James Russell and the faculty at the Duke Intercollegiate Center for Classical Studies 2000-2001; Cara Finnegan, Thomas Conley, and Ned O Gorman (University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign); and most of all Debra Hawhee (Penn State University), who has been constantly supportive of my research and professional development above and beyond the call of duty. Members of my graduate school cohort and writing group at the University of Illinois supported me in more ways than I can say and for which I am truly grateful.
I would also like to thank my colleagues at Arizona State University in rhetoric and composition, the Department of English, and those who integrate a love of classics and archaeology into their work regardless of home department, especially those who have mentored me as I have settled into my first faculty position. Finally I would like to thank all of my students, particularly those students (and a remarkable colleague), who braved my first graduate seminar on classical rhetoric at ASU and let me try out some of the arguments in this book.
Many early drafts of the chapters were presented at conventions for the Rhetoric Society of America (RSA) and the National Communication Association (NCA). Portions of chapters 2 and 3 appeared in essay form in Philosophy and Rhetoric and Rhetoric Society Quarterly, respectively. I would like to thank the (anonymous) reviewers, readers, and audience members who provided feedback in these venues. The American Society for the History of Rhetoric (ASHR) continues to strive to provide invaluable opportunities for research and networking at summer institutes, symposia, and panels coupled with NCA and RSA, many of which aided the development of this book. The efforts of Dave Tell, Ekaterina Haskins, Ned O Gorman, Susan Jarratt, and Michele Kennerly, among many others who devote their time to ASHR, are greatly appreciated.
The Department of English at Arizona State University funded research travel to Italy allowing me to study, move around, and photograph many of the rhetorical artifacts discussed in the following chapter