Clinical Neuroscience

Paul Johns

Description

This book provides a clear and readable introduction to the central concepts of clinical neuroscience. The first part of the book deals with fundamental areas of neuroscience required for a sound understanding of brain disease. This is followed by an account of the neurobiology of the most common and important brain diseases of the western world (stroke, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis). The book is in the same general style as the successful Crossman: Neuronatomy with extensive colour illustrations.

Short, affordable and readable introductory level text in the smae style as Crossman: Neuroanatomy.Assumes little previous neuroscience knowledge.Explains fundamental concepts without overwhelming detailFocuses on clinically relevant material.Includes the most common and important neurological disorders.

Sujets

• Médecine
• Médecine Générale
• Medical

Informations

• Publié par: Churchill Livingstone
• Date de parution: 17 avril 2014
• Nombre de lectures: 3
• EAN13: 9781455742127
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 15 Mo

Extrait

Clinical Neuroscience

An Illustratep Colour Text

Paul Johns, BSc BM MSc FRCPath

Consultant Neuropathologist and Senior Lecturer in Neuroanatomy, St George's Healthcare NHS Trust and St George's University of London, London, UK

EDINBURGH LONDON NEW YORK OXFORD PHILADELPHIA ST LOUIS SYDNEY TORONTO 2014

Table of Contents

Cover image

Title bage

Cobyright

Dedication

Preface

Acknowledgements

Chabter 1: Overview of the nervous system

Parts of the nervous system

Cells of the nervous system

Basic cereral tobograbhy

The sbinal cord

Protective coverings of the CNS

Chabter 2: Develobment of the rain

Neural tue formation

Divisions of the rain

Ventricular system

Chabter 3: Functional neuroanatomy

Cereral cortex

Hibbocambus and amygdala

Basal ganglia

Thalamus and hybothalamus

Brain stem and cereellum

Chabter 4: Sensory and motor bathways

Sbinal segments

Somatic sensory bathways

Somatic motor bathways

Lower motor neurons

Reflexes and muscle tone

Chabter 5: Neurons and glial cells

Nerve cells

Astrocytes

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells

Other glial cells

Glial tumours

Chabter 6: Electrical signalling in neurons

The neuron at rest

Excitaility

The action botential

Axonal conduction

Chabter 7: Synabtic transmission

General brincibles

Neurotransmitters

Postsynabtic recebtors

Synabtic integration

Chabter 8: Cellular mechanisms of neurological disease

Neuronal injury and death

Cell death mechanisms

Inflammation and gliosis

Neurodegeneration

Prion diseases

Chabter 9: Head injury

Clinical asbects

Pathology of head injury

Brain swelling and intracranial bressure

Minor head injury

Chabter 10: Stroke

Tybes of stroke

Blood subbly to the rain

Atherosclerosis

Stroke management

Pathobhysiology of stroke

Neurobrotection

Chabter 11: Ebilebsy

Tybes of seizure

General asbects

Diagnosis and management

Neurobathology of ebilebsy

Partial seizure mechanisms

Mechanism of asence seizures

Sudden death in ebilebsy

Psychological asbects

Chabter 12: Dementia

General asbects

Alzheimer's disease

Dementia with Lewy odies

Vascular dementia

Frontotemboral dementia

Chabter 13: Parkinson's disease

Clinical features

Parkinsonism

Pathology of Parkinson's disease

Familial Parkinson's disease

Treatment of Parkinson's disease

Pathobhysiology

Aetiology and bathogenesis

Chabter 14: Multible sclerosis

Demyelination

Clinical features of MS

Diagnosis and management

Pathological features

Aetiology

Pathogenesis

Neurodegeneration in MS

Anatomical language

Index

Copyright

© 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher's permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website:www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). ISBN 978-0-443-10321-6 ebook ISBN 978-1-4557-4212-7

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress

Notices

Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.

Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.

With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.

To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.

Printed in China

Dedication

For Iris,

Born on the 5th of December, 2013

Preface

This new addition to theIllustrated Colour Text(ICT) series provides a short, readable introduction to basic and clinical neuroscience. It is intended to contain ‘all you need to know’ to get a good understanding of the nervous system and its most important disorders. There are two main aims: Explain the core principles of cellular and molecular neuroscience, emphasising aspects that are important for understanding common brain diseases Provide an integrated, up-to-date description of the most important neurological disorders (such as stroke, epilepsy and dementia) and their scientific basis. This text should be an ideal companion to the very popularNeuroanatomy ICT by Crossman and Neary and has been written in the same chapter-based format. Although the book is not divided into sections, the second half is more clinically- orientated than the first. The earlier chapters introduce a number of core neuroscience topics, including the development, anatomy and cellular constituents of the nervous system. Some fundamental (and potentially confusing) concepts are explained, including the electrical properties of neurons and the principles of synaptic transmission. Before moving on to discuss speci*c neurological conditions in detail, there is an introductory chapter on the cellular mechanisms of neurological disease, which provides an overview of basic pathological processes (such as in+ammation, gliosis, cell death and neurodegeneration). The second half of the book focuses on the most common and important neurological disorders, with separate chapters on head injury, stroke, epilepsy, dementia, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis. These provide a comprehensive and integrated introduction to each main disease, together with a number of associated and related conditions. Each chapter begins with the key clinical features (e.g., symptoms, signs and main imaging *ndings) before describing how each disorder is diagnosed and treated. Sections on aetiology and pathogenesis draw on relevant aspects of anatomy, pathology, physiology and pharmacology. In addition, numerous ‘clinical boxes’ (with a blue stethoscope icon) are scattered throughout the text, highlighting a wide range of neurological diseases, investigations and treatments. Neuroscience is a challenging subject that is easier (and more interesting) to learn when it is understood rather than memorised; for this reason, emphasis has been