Implementation of the Millennium Development Goals

Description

In September 2000, world leaders from 189 countries, including 147 Heads of State, gathered at the United Nations General Assembly to consider the challenges of the new millennium. They adopted the Millennium Declaration, which set out a vision for inclusive and sustainable globalization (UN 2000 (A/RES/55/2)). The leaders pledged to work towards ensuring that conditions of extreme poverty are eradicated wherever they existed. To actualise this declaration, the UN established eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to be achieved by 2015. The goals were broken down into 18 concrete targets and 48 indicators to track progresses in implementation. For the past 14 years thereafter, countries in sub-Saharan Africa have been striving to achieve the goals. So far, some have achieved some of the goals, and the results toward the rest of the goals are also by and large positive, though off-target. This book brings together results of studies on progresses and challenges in the implementation of the MDGs in Lesotho, Kenya, Botswana, Madagascar, Tanzania, Ghana, Uganda and Nigeria. The authors focus on selected goals as cases. The book also presents lessons that can inform the post-2015 development agenda.

Informations

• Publié par: OSSREA
• Date de parution: 13 juin 2016
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9789994455904
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 13 Mo

Extrait

I mplementation of the M illennium D evelopment  G oals

Progresses and Challenges in Some African Countries

Edited by Nicholas Awortwi and Herman Musahara

Organisation for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa (OSSREA)

© 2015 Organisation for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa (OSSREA) OSSREA acknowledges the support of Swedish International Development Co-operation Agency (Sida), Norwegian Agency for Development Co- operation (NORAD), and Danish Development Agency (DANIDA). Published 2015 Printed in Ethiopia ISBN:978-99944-55-82-9 All rights reserved. Copyediting:Abiye Daniel  Matebu Tadesse Text layout:Alemtsehay Zewde Organisation for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa P.O. Box 31971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Fax: [phone] Tel: [phone] E-mail: [e-mail] Website: www.ossrea.net

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Table of Contents

Introduction:Tracking Progress and Challenges in Implementation of the MDGs in Africa

Nicholas Awortwi Progress and Challenges in Eradicating Extreme Poverty and Hunger and Combating HIV/AIDS and Other Diseases in Lesotho Jotham Dhemba, Simbai Mushonga,andEltonyMugomeri Schooling without Learning: Long-term Implications of Free PrimaryEducation for Income and Welfare Inequalities in Kenya Emmanuel Manyasa Universal Primary Education in Botswana: Implementation, Achievements and Challenges Robert MolebatsiandKenneth B. Dipholo The Challenges of the Implementation of the MDGs in a Fragile State: Universal Primary Education and Gender Equality in Madagascar Mireille Rabenoro

Achievements, Experiences and Challenges of Implementing the Millennium Development Goals 3 and 6 in the United Republic of Tanzania

Elizabeth M. Msoka

Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment in Botswana: Progresses and Challenges

Tapologo Maundeni

Scaling up and Sustaining Gender Inclusion through the MDGs in Ghana: MDG-C1

Ellen Bortei-Doku AryeeteyandGeorge Domfe Improved Maternal Health to Realise the Millennium Development Goal 5 in Kenya Benard Mwori Sorre

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Implementation of the Millennium Development Goals

Governance and Management Issues in Rural Safe Water Supply in Uganda: Implications for the Realisation of Millennium Development Goal 7C Asingwire Narathius Inroads in Alleviating Slum Conditions across Nigeria Lee Pugalis, Bob GiddingsandKelechi Anyigor Conclusion:Successes and Challenges of the Implementation of the MDGs, with Lessons for the Post-2015 Development Agenda

Herman Musahara

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Acronyms

Acronyms

AfDB AIDS ALOS AMPATH

ANC ART ARV AU BCP BDP BECE BNF BOS CD4 CDC CEDAW

CIFP CPR CRC DANIDA DFID DOTS ECA EISA eMTCT FAO FCUBE FFP-OFDA

FGDs FP FPE FPP FTI GAD GBV GDP GEM GER GFATM

African Development Bank Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Average Learning Outcome Score Academic Model for Prevention and Treatment of HIV and AIDS Antenatal Care Antiretroviral Therapy Antiretroviral African Union Botswana Congress Party Botswana Democratic Party Basic Education Certificate Examination Botswana National Front Bureau of Statistics Cluster of Differentiation 4 the Centre for Disease Control Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Country Indicators for Foreign Policy Contraceptive Prevalence Rates the Convention on the Rights of the Child Danish International Development Agency Department for International Department Direct Observed Treatment Short Course United Nations Economic Commission for Africa the Electoral Institute for Southern Africa Elimination of Mother to Child Transmission Food and Agriculture and Organisation Free Compulsory Universal Basic Education USAID's Food for Peace–Office for Foreign Disaster Assistance Community-level Focus Group Discussions Family Planning Free Primary Education ‘first past the post’ Fast Track Initiative Department of Gender Affairs (Botswana) Gender-Based Violence Gross Domestic Product Girls Education Movement Gross Enrolment Ratio Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria

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GLSS GoK GoL GoU GPI GPPC GPRSP GSGDA HBV HELB HII HIPC HIV HPMs HPMAs HTC IDWSSD IFAD IMCI IMF IPU IQ IRC IRIN ITNs KCPE KDHS KHPF KIIs KNBS LICUS LLINs MAP MDGs MMR MMRate MNCH MNH MOH MPs MVP MWE NAC

Implementation of the Millennium Development Goals

Ghana Living Standards Survey the Government of Kenya Government of Lesotho Government of Uganda Generalised Poverty Indicators Gender Policy and Programme Committee Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper the Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda Hepatitis B Virus Higher Education Loans Board (Kenya) High Impact Intervention Heavily-Indebted Poor Countries Human Immunodeficiency Virus Hand-Pump Mechanics Hand-Pump Mechanic Associations HIV Testing and Counselling International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade International Fund for Agricultural Development Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses the International Monetary Fund Inter-Parliamentary Union Intelligence Quotient International Water and Sanitation Resource Centre Integrated Regional Information Networks Insecticide-Treated Nets Kenya Certificate of Primary Education Kenya Demographic and Health Survey Kenya Health Policy Framework Key Informant Interviews Kenya National Bureau of Statistics Low-Income Countries Under Stress’ Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets Madagascar Action Plan Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Maternal Mortality Ratio Maternal Mortality Rate Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health Maternal and Newborn Health Ministry of Health Members of Parliaments Millennium Village Program Ministry of Water and Environment (Uganda) National AIDS Commission

Acronyms

NBS NDE NDP NEEDS

NER NGO NHIS NHSSP NMCP NPM NRHP NRHS NSDP NSGRP NSP O and M OVC PANAGED

PASEC PEPFAR PMI PMTC PNPF

PRSP PSI RNPE RWS SADC SADCC SBCC SDGs SNV SOWESS SPSS STIs TACAIDS TB TDHS TFR TGNP THMIS

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National Bureau of Statistics (Nigeria) National Directorate of Employment (Nigeria) National Development Plan (Botswana) National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (Nigeria) Net Enrolment Ratio Non-Governmental Organisation National Health Insurance Scheme National Health Sector Strategic Plan National Malaria Control Programme (Tanzania) New Public Management National Reproductive Health Policy National Reproductive Health Strategy National Strategic Development Plan National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty National Strategic Plan Operation and Management Orphans and Vulnerable Children National Gender and Development Action Plan (Madagascar) Programme for the Analysis of Education Systems President’s Emergency Programme for AIDS Relief (the) US President’s Malaria Initiatives Prevention of Mother To Child National Policy for the Promotion of Women (la Politique nationale depromotion de la femme) Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Population Services International Revised National Policy on Education (Botswana) Rural Water Supplies Southern Africa Development Community Southern African Development Coordination Conference Social and Behaviour Change Communication Sustainable Development Goals Netherlands Development Organisation the Social Welfare Services Scheme (Nigeria) Statistical Package for Social Sciences Sexually Transmitted Infections Tanzanian Commission for AIDS Tuberculosis Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey Total Fertility Rates Tanzania Gender Networking Programme Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey

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Implementation of the Millennium Development Goals

TNVS Tanzania National Voucher Scheme Triple S Sustainable (Rural Water) Services at Scale TZS Tanzanian Shilling UCC Universal Coverage Campaign UN United Nations UNAIDS United Nations Joint Programme on HIV and AIDS UNDPUnited Nations Development Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNFPA (The) United Nations Population Fund UNICEF (The) United Nations Children's Fund UNV United Nations Volunteers UPE Universal Primary Education URT United Republic of Tanzania USA (The) United States of America UWASNET Uganda Water and Sanitation Network VMLF the Platform for Gender Equality and Development (Madagascar) VMMC Voluntary Male Medical Circumcision WB World Bank WHO World Health Organisation WLSA Women and Law in Southern Africa WSC Water and Sanitation Committee WUCsWater User Committees ZMCP(the) Zanzibar Malaria Control Programme

About Authors

Emmanuel Manyasa:Emmanuel Manyasa holds a PhD in Development Economics. He has 10 years of University teaching experience at Kenyatta University, where he is a lecturer in the department of Applied Economics. His teaching and research interests include rural development economics; environmental economics; project design, implementation and evaluation; agricultural economics and development planning. He has researched and published on poverty, social capital, smallholder agriculture, and agro- diversity conservation. Besides teaching and research, he has also consulted for a variety of organizations including the Association for the Strengthening of Agricultural Research in East and Central Africa (ASARECA). He is currently consulting for the Imperial College of London on “linking smallholder farmers to structured markets in Kenya” – a Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF)-funded project.

Robert M. Molebatsi:Robert M. Molebatsi is a lecturer in the Department of Sociology, University of Botswana. He has MSc in Medical Sociology from Royal Holloway College, University of London. His research interests are in areas of sociology of health, ageing, youth studies, democracy and governance. Molebatsi teaches in Research Methodology, Sociology of Health, and Alternative Health Care Practices.

Kenneth Dipholo:Kenneth Dipholo is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Adult Education at the University of Botswana. He has a PhD in Development Education from the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; a Masters of Social Sciences in Rural Development from Birmingham University in the UK; and a Bachelor of Arts degree in Public Administration and Political Science from the University of Botswana. Dipholo has worked for the University of Botswana for 14 years and has over 14 pieces of publications in refereed journals. He also made presentations at several national, regional and international conferences, workshops and seminars. His teaching and research interests are in the areas of rural and community development; extension education; local government studies; political economy; development education; and lifelong learning.

Elizabeth Michael Msoka:Elizabeth M. Msoka is currently an Assistant Lecturer at St. John’s University of Tanzania in Dodoma Region. She pursued Masters of Arts in Development Studies and graduated in the year 2007 at the University of Dar es Salaam. She also holds a Bachelor of Science Degree in Home Economics and Human Nutrition from Sokoine University of Agriculture. At present, she is pursuing a PhD study in Development Studies at the University of Dar es Salaam. She has research interest in gender and development, entrepreneurship and social change. She has published journal articles on saving practices and performance of small scale businesses owned by women in Tanzania, anddeterminants of