MARE NOSTRUM

André-Louis Sanguin

Description

Durant la dernière décennie, la disparition de l'URSS et l'implosion de la Yougoslavie ont redonné à la Méditerranée une importance géopolitique qu'elle avait perdue depuis la Crise de Suez en 1956. Le Mare Nostrum est aujourd'hui une zone où se constate quotidiennement l'écart grandissant entre un Nord riche (l'Union Européenne) et un Sud pauvre (le monde arabo-turc). Cet ouvrage apporte des points de vue complémentaires et dialectiques sur les problèmes et les enjeux géopolitiques du bassin méditerranéen.

Sujets

• Géographie

Informations

• Publié par: L'Harmattan
• Date de parution: 01 septembre 2000
• Nombre de lectures: 289
• EAN13: 9782296420502
• Langue: Français
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 9 Mo

Extrait

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This book would not have been possible without the European projectMare "ostrum. Special thanks goes toCarlo Alberto GarzonioandGiorgio Risicarisfrom the Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department of Construction and Restoration (DiCR), the project leaders, for their excellent coordination and support during the planning stage. We would also like to thank all partners and associates for their collabora- tion and support during the participatory planning missions thus contribut- ing to the development of the project, these include: the Municipality of Rhodes, Old Town Office (Greece), The House of Europe in Rhodes (Greece), University of the Aegean, Laboratory of Tourism Research and Studies(ETEM)(Greece),theMunicipalityofTyre(Lebano)n, USJ/Université Saint Joseph, Faculté des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines & University of Balamand / MAJAL, Academic Laboratory for Construction and Reconstruction (Lebanon). We are particularly grateful toLiliane Buccianti-BarakatandAndreas Papatheodoroufor the preface and for sup- porting this work. Special thanks must go toFabrizio FuccelloDiCR,Mare "ostrumScientific Advisor, without whom the projectMare "ostrumwould not have been realised. Without his active support and his Mediterranean ‘perspective’ the missions in Rhodes and Tyre would have been nowhere near as successful. A special acknowledgment goes to the working group which has carried out its duties with enthusiasm and competenceIsabelle Toussaint, Emanuela GalettoandMatteo Robigliofrom the Avventura Urbana Ltd. Obviously, special thanks to all the people who were interviewed and final- ly thanks to Kamilah Khatib for her patient support and assistance.

Rosita Di Peri, Raffaella Giordana (edited by)

MARE OSTRUM SUSTAIABLE TOURISM I THE MEDITERRAEA REGIO A Case of Participatory Approach in Rhodes and Tyre

Euromed Heritage IV Project. EH4 M" 150-825

L’Harmattan Italia via Degli Artisti 15 10124 Torino

L’Harmattan 5-7 rue de L’École Polytechnique 75005 Paris

This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of Mare Nostrum partner ‘Paralleli’ and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union.

Euromed Heritage web site:www.euromedheritage.net Mare Nostrum project web site:www.eh4-marenostrum.net Mare Nostrum e-mail contact:[e-mail] Mare "ostrum coordinator: - Università degli Studi di Firenze Dipartimento Costruzioni e Restauro (DiCR), Sezione di Restauro (Italy). Mare "ostrum partners: - Rhodes Municipality, Old Town Office (Greece) - Tyre Municipality (Lebanon) - Université Saint-Joseph (USJ), Faculté des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines & University of Balamand/MAJAL, Academic Laboratory for Construction and Reconstruction (Lebanon) - Paralleli, Istituto Euromediterraneo del Nord Ovest (Italia) Mare "ostrum associates: - DELARPA, Développement de l’Artisanat et du Patrimoine (Tunisie) - University of the Aegean, Laboratory of Tourism Research and Studies (ETEM) (Greece) - The House of Europe in Rhodes (Greece) - Associazione Culturale Samotracia (Italia) - Integrated Heritage Management IHM (Malta)

Cover image,R OSITA D I P ERI

www.editions-harmattan.fr

[e-mail]

© L’Harmattan Italia srl, 2011

Contents

List of Contributors Preface Liliane Buccianti-Barakat Foreword Andreas Papatheodorou 1.Participating ‘ IN ’, Participating ‘ FOR ’: Interpreting Change in the Mediterranean Region Rosita Di Peri Part I: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 2.The Participatory Approach: Guidelines Rosita Di Peri 3.Tourism and Participatory Approach in the Mediterranean Region Rosita Di Peri Part II: CASE STUDIES 4.Rhodes and Tyre: Methodology Rosita Di Peri, Emanuela Galetto, Raffaella Giordana, Matteo Robiglio, Isabelle Toussaint 5.Rhodes: The Process 5.1. Mapping the Needs Rosita Di Peri 5.2. Technical Meetings, Outreach, Focus Groups Emanuela Galetto, Isabelle Toussaint 6.Tyre: The Process 6.1. Mapping the Needs Rosita Di Peri 6.2. Technical Meetings, Outreach, Focus Groups Matteo Robiglio, Isabelle Toussaint Conclusions. Guidelines for the Mediterranean Region Rosita Di Peri, Raffaella Giordana Notes Bibliography Annexes

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103 108 111

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Waterfront, info points, water Figure 2. Walls, cultural heritage, bike sharing Figure 3. Information point position Figure 4. Linking the waterfronts areas Figure 5. Increase underwater tourist usage Figure 6. Enlarge the tourist experience of Tyre Figure 7. Multicultural and multi-faith Tyre

LIST OF ANNEXES 1. Interview question (mapping the needs) 2. In depth Interviews in Rhodes (mapping the needs) 3. In depth Interviews in Tyre and Saida (mapping the needs) 4. List of participants to the Focus Group 1 (Rhodes) 5. List of participants to the Focus Group 2 (Rhodes) 6. List of participants to the Focus Group 1 (Tyre) 7. List of participants to the Focus Group 2 (Tyre)

List of Contributors L ILIANE B UCCIANTI -B ARAKAT holds a PhD in Urban Geography, and is specialised in tourism and heritage. She is a member of the following bodies: Urban Commission of IGU/UIG, IPEMED, AEFM and the Arab Tourism Association. She is the Coordinator of the Scientific Research Committee, a FLSH representative, and head of the Cultural and Tourism Management programme in the Department of Geography of Saint- Joseph University in Beirut. She is the editor in chief of the journal Géosphères, based in the faculty of Classics and Humanities of the same university. R OSITA D I P ERI teaches Institutions, Politics and Society of the Middle East at the University of Turin. She conducts research in the Department of Political Studies on democracy and authoritarianism in the Arab world. She is the author of numerous scientific papers and of a book enti- tledIl Libano contemporaneo. Storia, politica, società(Carocci, Rome 2009). She is in charge of ‘Culture’ at Paralleli - Euro-Mediterranean Institute of the North West. E MANUELA G ALETTO holds a Bachelor degree in Modern Literature and Anthropology. Since 2007 she works with Avventura Urbana Ltd. as Project Coordinator in the communication department. She is also the Project Manager for several EU funded programmes. R AFFAELLA G IORDANA is in charge of ‘Tourism’ at Paralleli - Euro- Mediterranean Institute of the North West. She is the coordinator of the Institute for European projectMare "ostrumand other regional projects related to the themes of tourism and sustainability in the Mediterranean. She graduated in International Relations at the University of Turin, and she has spent several years collaborating with organisations and net- works involved in tourism at the national and international levels. A NDREAS P APATHEODOROU is Assistant Professor in Industrial Economics with emphasis on Tourism at the School of Business Administration, University of the Aegean, Greece. He is also an External Examiner at Cranfield University and University of Hertfordshire. He gained a MPhil in Economics and a DPhil in Geography at the University of Oxford and commenced his academic career at the University of Surrey. He is a Fellow of the UK Tourism Society and is a board member of the Hellenic Aviation Society. M ATTEO R OBIGLIO co-founder in 1992 of Avventura Urbana Ltd., the first and main Italian agency specialising in community planning and archi- tecture, where he is responsible for the design team. He is Professor in Architectural and Urban design at the Department of Architectural and 7

Industrial Design (DIPRADI) and member of the board of the Doctorate programme in Architecture of Turin Polytechnic. I SABELLE T OUSSAINT is an architect and expert in participatory planning, who has been a partner and manager at Avventura Urbana Ltd. since 1998. She holds a Bachelor degree in Architecture and a Master degree in Conservation of historic towns and buildings at the Katholieke Universiteit di Leuven (Belgium) and a Master degree in Architecture and Technologies in developing Countries (Polytechnic of Turin). From 2007 until 2010 she has been a consultant for communication in partici- patory planning for the Agence Nationale pour la Rénovation Urbaine (ANRU).

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Preface

Liliane Buccianti-Barakat

The Mediterranean is both a ‘border’ which divides and a ‘bridge’ which unites Europe, Asia and Africa. The Mediterranean Region is crucial to understanding the ori- gins and the development of many modern societies. The sea has had a major influence on the history and ways of life of these cultures. It provided a means of trade, colonisation and war, and was the basis of life (via fishing and the gathering of other seafood) for numerous communities throughout the ages. The Phoenicians were earth’s first-known sailors and explor- ers. Their cities surrounded the entire Mediterranean Sea, a region they came to dominate peacefully. Considered the world’s Cradles of Civilization, the Mediter- ranean Sea has been known by a number of names throughout human history. For example the Romans commonly called it Mare Nostrum (Latin, ‘Our Sea’). The Mediterranean Region is today a leading tourist destina- tion, focused primarily around seaside summer holidays. Many historic port-cities have in recent decades undertaken redevelopment towards new post-industrial uses centred around meeting the new demands of tourism. Such uses offer the poten- tial for creating more sustainable and effective cities but equally they may lead to problems such as the erosion of heritage, and decreased quality of life through congestion and pollution. Overcoming such issues is crucial to the future of many Mediterranean port cities, since increasing pressures for new tourist sites in the region are exacerbating long-standing con- flicts between economic development and the preservation of local culture in many cities. Tourism, Phoenician trade routes and preservation of both built heritage and local culture by local authorities in 6 port- cities are the main focuses of the project ‘Mare "ostrum- a heritage trail along the Phoenician maritime routes and historic port-

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cities of the Mediterranean’, funded by the Euromed Heritage IV programme of the European Commission. Within the project, Paralleli - Istituto Mediterraneo del Nord Ovest undertook a participatory planning approach. This method already used in European and American cities aims to approach the complex questions of local management as well as to suc- cessfully negotiate the conflicts between local stakeholders, focus groups and local authorities. Mare "ostrumpartner in Lebanon, the Université Saint- Joseph, invited many professors and public actors to a confer- ence on the participatory approach in urban issues, presenting similar fieldwork experiences in European countries. Similarly, the Urban Observatory Majal (Institute of Urban Planning - ALBA) also worked in raising awareness among the major actors in public consultation through a conference that gathered many concerned parties and produced a pamphlet presenting an overview, objectives, proposed reforms and guidelines under the title ‘Promoting Public Consultation in Urban Policy’ in part- nership with USAID, Amideast and the Lebanese Transparency Association. This volume gives guidelines of the participatory approach and its methodology. The two pilot experiences in Rhodes (Greece) and Tyre (Lebanon) were successful because they brought out unique ‘Mediterranean’ perspectives and proposals that will benefit theMare "ostrumproject in other Mediterranean locations.

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Beyrouth, 01/03/2011