The creation of the Force Intervention Brigade (FIB) as the sharp tactical edge of the United Nations Stabilisation Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), tasked with the neutralising of armed groups, was a watershed moment in the history of modern peace missions. What was more significant was that sub-Saharan national leaders were instrumental in the creation of the FIB (South Africa, Tanzania and Malawi), but lacked the resources to deploy such a force and consequently the brigade was deployed under the banner of the UN. With the legacy of an African Renaissance, and its role in the conception of the FIB, South Africa remains a critical player in international peace and security in sub-Saharan Africa, and therefore holds a key strategic role in achieving the FIB�s objectives. This comes at a critical time where blue helmets are increasingly exposed to complex and challenging security contexts. The aim of this work is to provide a conceptual model for South African military future operations and UN offensive peacekeeping operations. In this undertaking, a layer of military and Clausewitzian theory is added to offensive peacekeeping operations. Furthermore, there are sections on operational constructs (capstone and operating concepts), doctrine and structural elements, as well a section on mine action. This book contributes towards an understanding of the nature of modern strategy through the lens of UN offensive peacekeeping operations and provides insights into operational challenges.
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South Africa and United Nations Peacekeeping Offensive Operations Conceptual Models
Antonio Garcia
South Africa and United Nations Peacekeeping Offensive Operations: Conceptual Models
Antonio Garcia
Mwanaka Media and Publishing Pvt Ltd, Chitungwiza Zimbabwe * Creativity, Wisdom and Beauty
Dedication I dedicate this book to my wife and partner, Tara Lyle, who loves and supports me in all things.
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Acknowledgments I would like to thank Colonel Andrew Dinwoodie, Lieutenant Colonel Barnard and Professor/Lieutenant Colonel Abel Esterhuyse for their guidance. Much of this work has been the result of my research as a visiting scholar atNew York University (NYU), Center on International Cooperation (CIC).Thank you to Sarah Cliff, Jim Della-Giocoma and Paige Arthur for the opportunity to be a part of CIC. I am also grateful to the senior fellows, visiting professors and my fellow visiting scholars at the CIC. Hanny Megally, Kiwako Tanaka, Said Sabir Ibrahimi, Alexis Guidotti, Jacob Udo-Udo Jacob, Michael Harsch, and Jason Stearns– thank you for all your support. I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to theSmall Wars Journalfor providing an initial platform for me to publish and test my thoughts and ideas on UN offensive peacekeeping. Thank you to the South African Army and the Engineer Corps, UN Mine Action Service, UN Office of Military Affairs, military practitioners and theorists who commented on, supported and or challenged my approach. My gratitude to the South African Army Vision Team and in particular Colonel Laetitia Olivier and Captain Marius Whittle for helping and guiding my thoughts and research. It was a pleasure to be able to work in MONUSCO with the North Kivu Brigade as well as the Force Intervention Brigade 2014-2015. A special thanks to Colonel Neeraj Pandey. A word of thanks to Professor Ian Van Der Waag, David Katz and Evert Kleynhans. Thank you to Ruth Woudstra for your editorial assistance. As this is a work of military theory I would like to declare that I understand that the United Nations and many other international organisations abide by the mantra of protection under the leadership of the Secretary General. Where I do believe in its importance, the
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military must always prepare for war and operations other than war, in whichever way its new character may take shape.
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Table of Contents Acronyms………………………………………………………...vii Introduction……………………………………………………….x Chapter 1: A Conceptual Model for South African Army Future Deployment ……………………………………………………….1 Chapter 2: United Nations Offensive Peacekeeping Operations: Theory and Doctrine …………………………………………….26 Chapter 3: Manoeuvre Theory: A Proposed Framework for UN Offensive Operations on the Strategic and Operational Levels of Peacekeeping……………………………………………………...43 Chapter 4: United Nations Peacekeeping Offensive Operations: Concepts and Command Centres ………………………………...54 Chapter 5; Entanglement of Military Theory in Peacekeeping, Ancient Roots and Modern Fruits………………………………...69 Chapter 6: Sustainable UN Peacekeeping Offensive Operations, Battlefield Clearance, Future Force Employment and the Strategic Peacekeeper………………………………………………………87 Conclusion………………………………………………………104 References………………………………………………………110