The balancing of interests in environmental law in Africa

Michael Faure, Willemien Du Plessis

Description

Now that economic development is starting to pick up in many countries in Africa, the question arises how such development can be balanced with the need for adequate environmental protection. This crucial issue, inherent in the notion of sustainable development, is addressed in this innovative and path-breaking volume. For the first time, academics from seventeen African countries have joined forces to analyse the way in which economic and environmental interests are balanced in their legal systems. The authors all use a common framework to improve the comparability of the country studies. The different country-related chapters do not only provide insights into the formally applicable legal rules (law in the books)., but given that the book brings together academics aware of the practice in Africa, they also describe the way in which environmental policy functions in practice (law in action). Many case studies, with conceptual analyses are provided of pollution incidents and the way in which administrative agencies or courts have on those occasions balanced the interests between the economy, society and the environment. A critical comparative analysis by the editors points at tendencies towards convergence and points of divergence between the African countries. Suggestions for policy reform are also formulated, showing African countries how they can benefit from experiences in the US and Europe.This thought provoking volume is a must for anyone (academic, policymaker or practitioner) interested in sustainable development generally and in Africa in particular.About the editors:Michael Faure is the Academic Director at the Maastricht European institute for Transnational Legal Reserach (METRO), Professor of Comparative and International Environmental Law and Academic Director of Ius Commune Research School, Maastricht University.Willemien du Plessis is Professor at North West University, Potchefstroom Campus and an Advocate of the High Court.

Sujets

• Economie
• développement
• Politics
• Relations internationales
• Développement
• Géopolitique

Informations

• Publié par: PULP (Pretoria University Law Press)
• Date de parution: 01 janvier 2012
• Nombre de lectures: 4
• EAN13: 9781920538057
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

Extrait

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The balancing of interests in environmental law in Africa

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The balancing of interests in environmental law in Africa

Michael Faure & Willemien du Plessis(editors)

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2011

6/27/2012, 12:24 PM

The balancing of interests in environmental law in Africa

Published by Pretoria University Law Press (PULP) The Pretoria University Law Press (PULP) is a publisher at the Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria, South Africa. PULP endeavours to publish and make available innovative, high-quality scholarly texts on law in Africa. PULP also publishes a series of collections of legal documents related to public law in Africa, as well as text books from African countries other than South Africa.

This book was peer reviewed prior to publication.

For more information on PULP, see www.pulp.up.ac.za To order, contact: PULP Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria South Africa 0002 Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone] [e-mail] www.pulp.up.ac.za

ISBN 978-1-920538-05-7

© The authors 2011

Printed and bound by ABC Press, Cape Town

THE WORLD BANK Washington, D.C.

The balancing of interests in environmental law in Africaforms part of the Rule of Law in Africa Project funded by the World Bank

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Contents

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Acronyms and abbreviations

List of contributors

Introduction Michael Faure & Willemien du Plessis

Balancing of interests: some preliminary (economic) remarks Michael Faure

The balance of sustainability interests from the perspective of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights AA du Plessis

Development and balancing of interests in environmental law: the case of Botswana Bugalo Maripe

Cameroon’s environmental framework law and the balancing of interests in socio-economic development Oliver Njuh Fuo & Sama Memuna Semie

The environmental law framework of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the balancing of interests Kihangi Bindu Kennedy

The scope of citizens’ environmental rights protection under Ethiopian law Mekete Bekele Tekle

Ghana’s environmental framework law and the balancing of interests E Abotsi

Development and the balancing of interests in Kenya Robert Kibugi

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135

167

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Lesotho’s environmental framework law and the balancing of interest Niel Lubbe

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10Environment and development in Malawi – any balancing of interests219 J Kalima

11Development and balancing of interests in environmental policy and law in Mauritius Odile Lim Tung

12Development and the balancing of interests in Mozambique Simon Norfolk & Michaela Cosijn

13Balancing of interests in environmental law in Namibia Alet Louw

14Balancing of interests in environmental law in Nigeria Olawale Ajai

15Striking the sustainability balance in South Africa W du Plessis & AA du Plessis

16Development and balancing of interests in environmental law: Swaziland Elmene Bray

17Tanzania’s framework environmental law and balancing of interests Daniel M. Pallangyo

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459

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18Legal framework for development and balancing of interests in Uganda519 Emmanuel Kasimbazi

19Balancing interests through framework environmental legislation in Zimbabwe Tumai Murombo

Comparative and concluding remarks Michael Faure & Willemien du Plessis

Bibliography

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557

591

621

Acronyms and abbreviations

ACHPR ACODE AfDB APAP AU BOI CDM CERES CERs CFL CILIC CITES CKGR CoM CONDES CSE CSOs CSR DDCA

DEA DEA DECC DEO DNA DNR DoE DPCA

DPP DPR DRC

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African Commission on Human and People’s Rights Advocates Coalition for Development and Environment African Development Bank Professionals’ Association for the People African Union Board of Investment Clean Development Mechanism Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies Certified Emission Reductions Compact Fluorescent Lamps Civil Liberties Committee Convention on International Trade on Endangered Species Central Kalahari Game Reserve Council of Ministers National Council for Sustainable Development Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia Civil Society Organisations Corporate Social Responsibility District Directorate for Coordination of Environmental Action Department of Environmental Affairs Department of Environmental Affairs District Environmental Coordination Committee District Environment Officer Designated National Authority Department of Natural Resources Department of Environment Provincial Directorate for Coordination of Environmental Action Director of Public Prosecution Department of Petroleum Resources Democratic Republic of the Congo

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DSCRP

DWA DWRM EA EAD EADS EAP EAT ECC ECHR ECOWAS EEZ EEZ EEZ EGASPIN

EIA EIS EIs ELO EMA EMA EMA EMA EMAS EMB EMCA EMP EMPP EPA EPA EPA EPC EPE EPO ERA EU

Document de la Strategie de Croissance et de Reduction de la Pauvrete Department of Water Affairs Directorate of Water Resource Management Environmental Assessment Environmental Affairs Department Environmental Strategy for Sustainable Development Environmental Affairs Practitioner Environmental Appeal Tribunal Environmental Coordination Committee European Convention on Human Rights Economic Community of West African States Exclusive Economic Zone Exclusive Economic Zone Exclusive Economic Zones Environmental Guidelines and Standards for the Petroleum Industry in Nigeria Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Impact Study Environmental Inspectors Environmental Liaison Officer Environmental Management Act Environmental Management Act Environmental Management Act Environmental Management Act Environmental Management Schemes Environmental Management Bill Environmental Management and Coordination Act Environmental Management Plan Environmental Management Plan for the Project Environmental Protection Act Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Protection Authority Environmental Protection Council Environmental Policy of Ethiopia Environmental Protection Order Environmental Regulatory Agency Environmental Unit

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EU EWA FCCC FEDEV FEMA FEPA FMP FMRA FSC GBO3 GCLME GDP GEEC GEF GERMS GRI GTZ IAS ICCN IDPs IMERCSA

ITTA IUCN JAMA KEPSA KSW KWS LBOI MDC MDGs MEAs MEC MET MICOA MINAG MINFOF MINPES

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European Union Ethiopian Wildlife Authority Framework Convention on Climate Change Foundation for Environment and Development Forum Empresarial para o Meio Ambiente Federal Environment Protection Agency Forest Management Plans Fisheries and Maritime Resources Act Forestry Stewardship Council Global Biodiversity Outlook 3 Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem Gross Domestic Product Groupe d’Etudes Environnementales du Congo Global Environmental Facility Ghana Environmental Resource Management System Global Report Initiative German Technical Cooperation Invasive Alien Species Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature Integrated Development Plans Musokotwane Environmental Resource Centre for Southern Africa International Tropical Timber Agreement International Union for the Conservation of Nature Journalist Association of Malawi Kenya Private Sector Alliance Kakira Sugar Works Ltd Kenya Wildlife Service Land Based Oceanic Industry Movement for Democratic Change Millennium Development Goals Multi-lateral Environmental Agreements Member of the Executive Council Ministry of Tourism Ministry for the Coordination of Environmental Action Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Forest and Fauna Ministry of Fisheries

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MIREM MITUR MME MOI MOPH MPD MRA MSCA MSMEs NAMISA NDDP NDPC NEA NEAP NEAP NEC NEC NEMA NEMA NEMA NEMBA NEMC NEMICMA

NEMP NEMP NEMPA NEMWA NEP NEPAD NESDA

NESREA

NET NFA NGO NNSD

Ministry of Energy and Minerals Ministry of Tourism Ministry of Mines and Energy Mauritius Oceanography Institute Act Ministry of Public Works and Housing Ministry of Planning and Development Mauritius Revenue Authority Malawi Supreme Court of Appeal Medium, Small and Micro Enterprises National Media Institute of Southern Africa National Drylands Development Programme National Development Planning Commission National Environmental Act National Environmental Action Plan National Environmental Action Plan National Environmental Council National Environmental Council National Environment Management Authority National Environmental Management Act National Environmental Management Authority National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act National Environmental Management Council National Environmental Management: Integrated Coastal Management Act National Environmental Management Plan National Environmental Management Programme National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act National Environmental Waste Act National Environmental Policy New Partnership for Africa’s Development Network for Environment and Sustainable Development in Africa National Environmental Standards and Regulation Enforcement Agency National Environment Tribunal National Forestry Authority Non Government Organization National Network for Sustainable Development

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NOSDRA OAU OECD PAJA PARPA PCC PDCA PEDD PER PESOD PET PFE PLC PLC PPA PPD PPG PPO PPP PQG PULP RECIEL

RES SADEC SARDC SCHCL SCOUL SEIA SEMAs SEPA’s SERAC SRDA TBL TCE THRHR ToR UNCCD

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National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency Organization of African Unity Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Promotion of Access to Justice Act Poverty Reduction Strategy and Plan Public Complaints Committee Planning, Doing, Checking, and Acting Tools Plan for District Development Preliminary Environmental Requirements Social and Economic District Plan and Budget Polyethylene terephthalate Permanent Forest Estate Project Life Cycle Project life cycle Post-Project Analysis Public-Private Sector Dialogue Planning Policy Guidance Public Procurement Office Polluter Pays Principle Government Programme Pretoria University Law Press Review of European Community and International Environmental Law Real Estate Scheme Southern African Development Community Southern African Research and Documentation Centre Southern Cameroon High Court Law Sugar Corporation of Uganda Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment Special Environmental Management Acts States’ Environmental Protection and Sanitation Agency Social and Economic Rights Action Centre Southern Region Development Authority Triple Bottom Line Technical Committee on the Environment Tydskrif vir Hedendaags Romeins-Hollandse Reg Terms of Reference United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification

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