Medical Education in East Asia

Description

Pivotal to Asia's future will be the robustness of its medical universities. Lessons learned in the past and the challenges facing these schools in the future are outlined in this collection, which offers valuable insights for other medical education systems as well. The populations in these rapidly growing countries rely on healthcare systems that can vigorously respond to the concerns of shifting demographics, disease, and epidemics. The collected works focus on the education of physicians and health professionals, policy debates, cooperative efforts, and medical education reform movements.

Preface: Mary Brown Bullock
Foreword: Bong-Min Yang, Keizo Takemi, and Ke Yang
Part I. Overview and US-Asia Engagement
History and Development of Medical Education in East Asia: An Overview / Lincoln C. Chen, Michael R. Reich, and Jennifer Ryan
1. The China Medical Board in East Asia, 1950-2000 / Jennifer
Ryan and Mary Brown Bullock
2. American Medical Education and US Engagement in East Asia, 1950-1970 / Jesse B. Bump and Paul J. Cruickshank
Part II. Country Cases: China, Japan, and South Korea
3. Medical Education in Contemporary Mainland China / Daqing Zhang
4. Mission and Modernity: The History and Development of Medical Education in Taiwan / Ming-Jung Ho, Kevin Shaw, Julie Shih, and Yu-Ting Chiu
5. A Brief History of Medical Education in Hong Kong / Gabriel M. Leung and N. G. (Niv) Patil
6. The Roots of Modern Japanese Medical Education in Japan / Kenichi Ohmi
7. Western Influences on Health Science Education in Korea: Medical, Nursing, and Public Health Education / OkRyun Moon
Part III. Future Challenges
8. Burden of Disease: Implications for Medical Education in East Asia / Stuart Gilmour, Yusuke Tsugawa, and Kenji Shibuya

Sujets

• Medical
• HISTORY
• EDUCATION
• Histoire
• General officer
• Southeast Asia
• Medicine
• History of Asia
• General
• Asia

Informations

• Publié par: Indiana University Press
• Date de parution: 03 avril 2017
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780253025104
• Langue: English

Extrait

MEDICAL EDUCATION IN EAST ASIA
MEDICAL EDUCATION IN EAST ASIA
Past and Future
Edited by Lincoln C. Chen, Michael R. Reich, and Jennifer Ryan
This book is a publication of
Indiana University Press
Office of Scholarly Publishing
Herman B Wells Library 350
1320 East 10th Street
Bloomington, Indiana 47405 USA
iupress.indiana.edu
2017 by Indiana University Press
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The Association of American University Presses Resolution on Permissions constitutes the only exception to this prohibition.
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992.
Manufactured in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Chen, Lincoln C., editor. | Reich, Michael, 1950- editor. | Ryan, Jennifer, 1980- editor.
Title: Medical education in East Asia : past and future / edited by Lincoln C. Chen, Michael R. Reich, and Jennifer Ryan.
Description: Bloomington and Indianapolis : Indiana University Press, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016045752 (print) | LCCN 2016051568 (ebook) (print) | LCCN 2016051568 (ebook) | ISBN 9780253024787 (cloth : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780253024923 (pbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780253025104 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Medical education-East Asia. | Medical education-International cooperation-East Asia.
Classification: LCC R834 .M42 2017 (print) | LCC R834 (ebook) | DDC 610.71095-dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016045752
ISBN 978-0-253-02478-7 (cloth)
ISBN 978-0-253-02492-3 (pbk.)
ISBN 978-0-253-02510-4 (e-bk.)
1 2 3 4 5 22 21 20 19 18 17
Contents
Foreword: Bong-Min Yang, Keizo Takemi, and Yang Ke
Preface: Mary Brown Bullock
Acknowledgments
Part I. Overview and US-Asia Engagement
History and Development of Medical Education in East Asia: An Overview
Lincoln C. Chen, Michael R. Reich, and Jennifer Ryan
1 The China Medical Board in East Asia, 1950-2000
Jennifer Ryan and Mary Brown Bullock
2 American Medical Education and US Engagement in East Asia, 1950-1970
Jesse B. Bump and Paul J. Cruickshank
Part II. Country Cases: China, Japan, and South Korea
3 Medical Education in Contemporary Mainland China
Daqing Zhang
4 Mission and Modernity: The History and Development of Medical Education in Taiwan
Ming-Jung Ho, Kevin Shaw, Julie Shih, and Yu-Ting Chiu
5 A Brief History of Medical Education in Hong Kong
Gabriel M. Leung and N. G. (Niv) Patil
6 The Roots of Modern Japanese Medical Education
Kenichi Ohmi
7 Western Influences on Health Science Education in Korea: Medical, Nursing, and Public Health Education
OkRyun Moon
Part III. Future Challenges
8 Burden of Disease: Implications for Medical Education in East Asia
Stuart Gilmour, Yusuke Tsugawa, and Kenji Shibuya
Contributors
Index
Foreword
Bong-Min Yang, Keizo Takemi, and Yang Ke
A NY ASSESSMENT OF contemporary medicine in East Asia must first recognize the extraordinary gains countries in the region-China, Japan, and South Korea-have achieved in extending life expectancy over the course of the past century. Our April 2014 conference on Medical Education in East Asia: Past and Future , celebrated the one hundredth anniversary of the China Medical Board (CMB). The sixty scholars, academics, and participants rightfully took pride in markers of success: average life expectancy of eighty-four years in Japan, eighty in South Korea, and seventy-five in China. East Asia is indisputably among the healthiest societies in the world-a triumph for a region shaped by war, political upheaval, and poverty in the twentieth century.
Many factors contribute to this success. Undeniable are the roles of political stability and economic growth, especially of the past half-century. The diffusion of modern medical sciences, professional practice, and national health systems is another major driver. The growth and development of the medical education systems in each of our countries have been profound and dramatic. Today, China, Japan, and South Korea have fairly advanced medical educational systems to produce the health professionals required for sound national health systems. All three countries are engaged in global discussions on the best means to enhance the training of twenty-first-century health professionals.
Our conference certainly provided a unique opportunity for South Korea, Japan, and China to look back on each other s medical education development during last five decades. Through the conference, all three commonly came to realize and appreciate the invaluable inputs that CMB provided in the beginning stage of development, particularly in terms of manpower training, educational materials, and even buildings for education and libraries. This conference also enabled us to look ahead, and consider what kind of contributions these three countries could offer to regional and global health.
Conference presenters took stock of conditions in the early twentieth century and then traced the evolution of medical education in Greater China, Japan, and Korea over the course of a dynamic century. The papers in this volume apply three lenses to this study: each jurisdiction s changing domestic social structures and political regimes; the nature of East Asian relationships; and the flow of Western influences, carried through the work of medical missionaries, the reforms ushered in by the Flexner Report, Cold War foreign policies, and philanthropic grant-making. While variations in organization and design are marked, the medical curriculums in all three countries clearly converge on the modern medical sciences as the most powerful means to advance the health of our peoples.
Broadening the avenue for collaboration in health in East Asia seems to be a natural step-given our shared interests in extending health gains, reducing inequities in access to care, and taking leadership roles in global health-and one that could send important signals in a region where political tensions have not abated. Sharing information in the ways this conference did, along with joint activities and other forms of cooperation in the medical education field, can ultimately benefit the health of all peoples in the region. That is a worthy goal transcending our national borders, one that is shared by us and all participants as we look forward to the next century.
Preface
Mary Brown Bullock
A S IT CELEBRATED its one hundredth anniversary in 2014, the China Medical Board (CMB) sought a better understanding of the evolution of medicine and health in the Asian countries in which it had been active. After operating in China from 1914 until 1951, this American foundation turned its attention to the rest of Asia when political conditions precluded further engagement there. This volume focuses on the evolution of medical education and the role of CMB in East Asia from 1951 until 1980.
CMB engaged its Asian partners in a series of centennial celebrations and academic reviews including conferences in Bangkok, New York, Beijing, and Seoul, as well as a series of academic publications. Three volumes have been published to date: Philanthropy for Health in China, Medical Transitions in Twentieth Century China , and Histories of Health in Southeast Asia . This fourth volume, Medical Education in East Asia , emerged from papers presented at the Seoul conference, which explored a little studied topic: the evolution of China Medical Board policies and medical education and health in East Asia. CMB is grateful to the scholars who undertook new research, not only leading to deeper understanding of medical education in each country but also highlighting the many comparative themes.
The period covered begins in the early 1950s, when East Asia was flat on its back with its population decimated by war, division, political uncertainty, and desperate poverty. This was the health context to which the China Medical Board turned from China, beginning philanthropic work in Japan, Korea and Taiwan. The chapters that follow both chronicle the evolution of CMB s policies and provide country-specific case studies that illustrate the extraordinary growth and success of Asian medical education.
We must remember the challenging situation in East Asia in the 1950s. The daughter of missionaries, I lived in Japan and Korea during that period. In Tokyo, I lived in a city that still looked and felt bombed over. In Osaka, I saw my uncle struggle to organize a hospital that would care for the needy and infirm. Just after the Korean armistice, my family and I arrived in Guangju, Korea, a provincial capital of makeshift houses and hordes of beggars. I watched my father s efforts to rebuild a tuberculosis hospital while hundreds of patients waited to be treated.
Nothing I saw then-of course, I was just a little girl-would have prepared me for the transformation of economic and health conditions in East Asia that has occurred in the subsequent sixty years. What an extraordinary transformation! Economic indicators in East Asia are among the highest in the world. Medical education, whether three-year, five-year, six-year, or eight-year programs, surely played a pivotal role.
As we keep this success story in mind, we can ask the question: what are the v