From Desolation to Reconstruction

Description

Iraq’s streets are unsafe, its people tormented, and its identity as a state challenged from within and without. For some, Iraq is synonymous with internal hatred, bloodshed, and sectarianism. The contributors to this book, however, know another Iraq: a country that was once full of hope and achievement and that boasted one of the most educated workforces in its region—a cosmopolitan secular society with a great tradition of artisans, poets, and intellectuals. The memory of that Iraq inspired the editors of this volume to explore Iraq’s current struggle. The contributors delve into the issues and concerns of building a viable Iraqi state and recognize the challenges in bringing domestic reconciliation and normalcy to Iraqis.

From Desolation to Reconstruction: Iraq’s Troubled Journey examines Iraq’s reality after the 2003 US-led invasion. It begins by relating Iraq’s modern social and political history prior to the invasion and then outlines the significant challenges of democratization and the creation of an Iraqi constitution, which will be necessary for Iraq to become a strong and effective state.

Co-published with the Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI).

Sujets

• Political science
• History

Informations

• Publié par: Wilfrid Laurier University Press
• Date de parution: 26 octobre 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 2
• EAN13: 9781554587254
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

From Desolation to Reconstruction
Studies in International Governance is a research and policy analysis series from the Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) and Wilfrid Laurier University Press. Titles in the series provide timely consideration of emerging trends and current challenges in the broad field of international governance. Representing diverse perspectives on important global issues, the series will be of interest to students and academics while serving also as a reference tool for policy-makers and experts engaged in policy discussion. To reach the greatest possible audience and ultimately shape the policy dialogue, each volume will be made available both in print through WLU Press and, twelve months after publication, online under the Creative Commons License.
From Desolation to Reconstruction
Iraq s Troubled Journey
Mokhtar Lamani and Bessma Momani, editors
Wilfrid Laurier University Press acknowledges the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program for its publishing activities. Wilfrid Laurier University Press acknowledges the financial support of the Centre for International Governance Innovation. The Centre for International Governance Innovation gratefully acknowledges support for its work program from the Government of Canada and the Government of Ontario.
Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
From desolation to reconstruction: Iraq s troubled journey / edited by Mokhtar Lamani and Bessma Momani.
(Studies in international governance)
Co-published by Centre for International Governance Innovation.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Also available in electronic format.
ISBN 978-1-55458-229-7
1. Iraq-Politics and government-2003-. 2. Iraq-Social conditions-21st century. 3. Postwar reconstruction-Iraq. 4. Iraq War, 2003-. I. Lamani, Mokhtar II. Momani, Bessma, 1973- III. Centre for International Governance Innovation IV. Series: Studies in international governance
DS79.76.F76 2010 956.7044 3 C2009-906527-4
ISBN 978-1-55458-232-7
Electronic format.
DS79.76.F76 2010a 956.7044 3 C2009-906528-2
Cover design by David Drummond. Cover photo, showing homeless Iraqi families taking shelter at the al-Rashid military base, by Paula Bronstein, Getty Images, Inc. Text design by Catharine Bonas-Taylor.
2010 The Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) and Wilfrid Laurier University Press
This book is printed on FSC recycled paper and is certified Ecologo. It is made from 100% post-consumer fibre, processed chlorine free, and manufactured using biogas energy.
Printed in Canada
Every reasonable effort has been made to acquire permission for copyright material used in this text, and to acknowledge all such indebtedness accurately. Any errors and omissions called to the publisher s attention will be corrected in future printings.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior written consent of the publisher or a licence from The Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency (Access Copyright). For an Access Copyright licence, visit www.accesscopyright.ca or call toll free to 1-800-893-5777.
Contents
Acknowledgments
List of Abbreviations
1 Introduction Mokhtar Lamani and Bessma Momani
2 Iraq under Siege: Politics, Society and Economy, 1990-2003 Peter Sluglett
3 Inching Forward: Iraqi Federalism at Year Four David Cameron
4 The Struggle for Autonomy and Decentralization: Iraqi Kurdistan David Romano
5 Armed Forces Based in Iraqi Kurdistan: A Lens to Understand the Post-Saddam Era Maria Fantappi
6 The Extinction of Iraqi Minorities: Challenge or Catastrophe? Mokhtar Lamani
7 Iraq s Economy and Its Brain Drain after the 2003 Invasion Joseph Sassoon
8 IRFFI: A Multi-Donor Initiative Carla Angulo-Pasel
9 Iraq s Tangled Web of Debt Restructuring Bessma Momani and Aidan Garrib
10 The Iraq War and (Non) Democratization in the Arab World Rex Brynen
11 Debating the Issues: A Roundtable Report Carla Angulo-Pasel
12 Reinventing Iraq: Binding the Wounds, Reconstructing a Nation Nathan C. Funk
List of Contributors
Index
Acknowledgments
Without the kind support of The Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI), its leaders, and its staff, this volume would not have been realized. CIGI s support for a meeting in April 2009 of leading minds on Iraq helped synthesize the ideas in this volume. As a result, we would like to thank the participants of the April 2009 workshop on Iraq for their time and effort in helping to produce this book. In addition to the authors in this volume, we would like to thank Marie-Joelle Zahar, Matteo Legrenzi, Mark Sedra, Marc Lemieux, Michael Bell, John Packer and Hussain Shaban who all participated in the workshop and were instrumental in providing feedback and comments to all of the authors.
CIGI is a vibrant and diverse environment for the exchange of ideas and we would like to thank the people involved in planning the workshop and ultimately this volume. Research assistants who helped facilitate writing portions of this book include Anton Malkin, John Roden and Fadi Dawood. Briton Dowhaniuk, Matt Eason, Deanne Leifso, Chafic Khouri and Jessica Hanson all helped in making this a team effort. Our greatest thanks go to Carla Angulo-Pasel for her logistical and intellectual support for this project from beginning to end.
We would like to dedicate this book to the five million Iraqi orphans. No volume could ever do justice to the pain and suffering of the Iraqi people, and we honour their stories and their lives in tackling the topic of Iraq in this volume.
Abbreviations
9/11
September 11, 2001
ALUBAF
Arab International Bank
AQI
al-Qaeda in Iraq
BACB
British Arab Commercial Bank
BBC
British Broadcasting Corporation
BNL
Banca Nazionale del Lavoro
CIA
Central Intelligence Agency
CIDA
Canadian International Development Agency
CPA
Coalition Provisional Authority
CRRPD
Iraq Commission for Resolution of Real Property Disputes
DFAIT
Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, Canada
DPA
Dayton Peace Agreement
DSA
Debt Sustainability Analysis
EPA
Emergency Post-conflict Assessment
EU
European Union
FCC
Facility Coordination Committee
G7
Group of 7
G8
Group of 8
G20
Group of 20
GAO
United States Government Accountability Office
GDP
gross domestic product
GWOT
Global War on Terror
HRW
Human Rights Watch
ICDC
Iraqi Civil Defense Corps
ICG
International Crisis Group
ICI
International Compact with Iraq
IDMC
International Displacement Monitoring Centre
IDPs
internally displaced persons
IDRO
Iraq Debt Reconciliation Office
IFI
international financial institutions
ILCS
Iraq Living Conditions Survey (ILCS)
IMF
International Monetary Fund
IRFFI
International Reconstruction Fund Facility for Iraq
IRIN
Integrated Regional Information Networks
ISCI
Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq
ISRB
Iraqi Strategic Review Board
KDP
Kurdistan Democratic Party
KDPI
Iranian Kurdish Democratic Party
KRG
Kurdish Regional Government
LCCG
London Club Coordination Group
MDTF
Multi-Donor Trust Fund
MNF
multinational force
MoPDC
Ministry of Planning and Development Cooperation
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NDS
National Development Strategy
NGOs
non-governmental organizations
OPEC
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
ORHA
United States Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance
PLO
Palestine Liberation Organization
PUK
Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
SBA
Stand-by Agreement
SCIRI
Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq
SIDA
Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
SIGIR
Special Inspector General for Iraqi Reconstruction
SOITM
Iraqi Turkmen Human Rights Research Foundation
TAL
Law of Administration for the State of Iraq for the Transitional Period
TOR
Terms of Reference
UAE
United Arab Emirates
UBAF
Union de Banques Arabes et Fran aises
UK
United Kingdom
UN
United Nations
UNAMI
United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq
UNDG
United Nations Development Group
UNDG-ITF
United Nations Development Group Iraq Trust Fund
UNDP
United Nations Development Programme
UNESCO
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNHCR
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNICEF
United Nations Children s Fund
UNIFEM
United Nations Development Fund for Women
UN OCHA
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
UNSC
United Nations Security Council
UNSCOM
United Nations Special Commission on Disarmament
US
United States
WB-ITF
World Bank Iraq Trust Fund
WHO
World Health Organization
1 Introduction
Mokhtar Lamani and Bessma Momani
Throughout most of the Ottoman Empire s rule, Iraq s imagined communities -composed of overlapping identities of tribes, ethnic groups and religious