Patrons and Viewers in Late Antiquity

Edited By Stine Birk & Birte Poulsen

Description

The monumentality and the often rich embellishment of late antique buildings and monuments emphasises their importance to the patrons that commissioned them. However, the understanding and interpretation of the message conveyed may often be obtained through the study of the other important agent, namely the viewer.
This book contains a collection of papers that focuses on the way patrons, pagan as well as Christian, conveyed messages through material and visual culture and on the reception by the viewers. The contributions investigate how patrons of luxurious buildings, elaborate grave monuments, and churches used architecture, images, and inscriptions to demonstrate political, social, and religious power. The visual arts were a strong factor in communicating identity and attitudes both in the public and private spheres also in Late Antiquity.

Sujets

• Histoire
• Ancient
• History

Informations

• Publié par: Aarhus University Press
• Date de parution: 23 novembre 2012
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9788771244175
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 33 Mo

Extrait

PATRONS AND VIEWERS IN LATE ANTIQUITY

Edited by Stine Birk & Birte Poulsen

A A R H U S U N I V E R S I T Y P R E S S

Patrons and Viewers in Late Antiquity

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Aarhus Studies in Mediterranean Antiquity (ASMA)

X

ASMA ŝ à ŝééŝ Ç  é ûŝé àôàé ôÇé à éà  hé Céé ô é Sû ô Aû, Uéŝ ô Aàûŝ, Déà.

hé Céé ŝ à éô ô Çôôéà éàéŝ: Géé à à, CàŝŝÇà A- Çàéôô, ŝô, à é àÇû ô héôô. hé ôjéÇé ô é ŝééŝ ŝ ô ààÇé é éŝÇà ŝû ô Aû  ûŝ àÇéŝ, é.., ÇôééÇé àéŝ, ô ééé ôôàŝ, Ç àô ôé ŝ, éléÇ é Çûé àÇéŝ ô é Çéé.

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Patrons and Viewers in Late Antiquity Edîted by Stîne Bîrk & Bîrte Pousen

Aarhus University Press |

This page is protected by copyright and may not be redistributed

Patrons and Viewers in Late Antiquity © Aarhus University Press and the authors 2012

Cover by Jørgen Sparre Illustration: Strigillated sarcophagus from the “Tomb of the Pancratii”, Via Latina, Rome (manipulated photo from S. Birk, p. 115, fig. 5). Typeset with Adobe Garamond Ebook production Narayana Press

ISBN 978 87 7124 417 5 ISSN 1399 2686

Aarhus University Press Langelandsgade 177 DK-8200 Aarhus N www.unipress.dk

International distributors: Gazelle Book Services Ltd. White Cross Mills Hightown, Lancaster, LA1 4XS United Kingdom www.gazellebookservices.co.uk

IS Distribution 70 Enterprise Drive Bristol, CT 06010 USA

Published with the financial support of Aarhus University Research Foundation Lillian og Dan Finks Fond E. Lerager Larsens Fond

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7

15

31

67

83

107

135

167

189

217

Introduction Stine Birk & Birte Poulsen

Ehrenstatuen in spätantiken Häusern Roms Ulrich Gehn

Miraculous Bodies: Christian Viewers and the Transformation of ‘Pagan’ Sculpture in Late Antiquity Troels Myrup Kristensen

Patrons, Viewers, and Statues in Late Antique Baths Lea Stirling

CONTENTS

Invisible Sarcophagi: Coffin and Viewer in the Late Imperial Age Katharina Meinecke

Sarcophagi, Self-Representation, and Patronage in Rome and Tyre Stine Birk

Inscriptions in the Late Antique Private House: Some Thoughts about their Function and Distribution Veronika Scheibelreiter-Gail

Patrons and Viewers: Reading Mosaics in Late Antiquity Birte Poulsen

Fourth-Century Villas in the Coln Valley, Gloucestershire: Identifying Patrons and Viewers Sarah Scott

Patrons and Viewers in Late Antique Greece: From Houses and Villas to Early Christian Churches Arja Karivieri

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contents

5

6

237

259

277

291

311

315

Bishop and Believers – Patrons and Viewers: Appropriating the Roman Patron Saints Peter and Paul in Constantinople Gitte Lønstrup Dal Santo

Patrons and Viewers of Mosaic Pavements in Religious Buildings in Jordan and Palestine Mette Low Sørensen

The Arch of Constantine – Who Saw What? Siri Sande

Spolia, Milestones and City Walls: The Politics of Imperial Legitimacy in Gaul Hendrik Dey

Index – Geographical

Index – Names and sources

contents

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Introduction

Stîne Bîrk & Bîrte Pousen

hŝ ôûé éŝéŝ é ôÇééŝ ô à ÇôééÇé ô Pàôŝ à Vééŝ  àé Aû é à Aàûŝ Uéŝ  OÇôé . hé ôéà ûôŝé ô é Çô- ééÇé àŝ ô ŝÇûŝŝ é féé ŝ ô àôŝ à ééŝ ô à à àÇéÇûé  àé Aû,  à ŝéÇà éàŝŝ ô é éà ô àôûé ééé éŝé ô àéŝ. Oé ô é àŝ àŝ ô àŝŝéŝŝ  à ô é ŝôÇ éà ô ôû- éŝ Çàé àÇÇô ô àô, éé, Çôé, à é, éé àéŝŝ é fééÇéŝ à ŝàéŝ  é à éŝŝàéŝ éé Çôéé à é éŝôŝéŝ é Çéàé  féé éôŝ à éôàÇà éôŝ. àé Aû ŝ éé éIé     àŝ é éô ô é  ô àôû é  Çéû,  àŝ ûÇ àŝ é Çôŝé é  Çéû àŝ à éô à à à éŝé àÇ ô é ôàô ô é ôô  Çéûéŝ, à é é ô é  Çéû àŝ é éô éé é AàÇ Çôûéŝŝ à 2 àé ŝà  é Eàŝ à ŝéà àŝôé é Rôà éé.

Patrons and patronage Tô ûéŝà à àé àûé ôûé à ŝ éŝŝàé, éé  éôŝ ô à ô- àé, éôûŝ, ûéà, ôÇà, ûÇ ô àé ŝéé, é àÇôééé ô é 3 àô à ŝ ô é ûôŝé ô à é ôûé ŝ ô ÇûÇà ôàÇé. hé àô, ô à éŝ Çà é éÇôŝé ôû ŝÇôŝ ô à ôà, û ô ŝ ôéŝé ôé àôôûŝ ô ûŝ, ŝ  ééà éŝ, é ôé ô Çôŝŝôé é ôûé, à ô  à ôé ô ŝ ééÇô.  Tô àôàÇ é àô ŝ é ô é é ŝàé ô à àéà ŝé à à ôô à é ôÇéŝŝéŝ à ôô àÇé éôé é éé, à ŝ, ô éŝàé é Çééŝ à é éàŝ é é ÇôÇé ô ô à éÇôàô. hŝ àôàÇ é- ŝûôŝéŝ à é àô àé ô àé Çôà ô é ôÇéŝŝ  ôé ô Çôô é éé ô ŝé-ééŝéàô, Ç àŝ ŝûôŝé é ééà ôàô ô ôà à ûÇ ôûé, éÇôà à àé ôûŝé ô ÇôŝûÇ à éôûŝ û. ï ŝ ôôûŝ à é ŝûûŝ ô àÇ àŝ à àô ŝ ô ô ôû  é ô-ô ŝ ô ûÇ ŝé-ŝà, û àŝô  Çôéŝ éé, ô éàé, éôôŝ ô éôûŝ éé àé à Çéà ôé. ïààŝ ô àÇé ŝôÇééŝ éé ààé à

1  

Uéŝŝ ôéŝé ŝàé à Çéûéŝ à àéŝ àé AD  ŝ ôûé. BôéŝôÇ, Bô  Gàà , . Pàôŝ àé àŝô éé ôôŝ àeuergetes é Çôûôŝ.

CONTENTS INDEX (Geographical) INDEX (Names and sources) This page is protected by copyright and may not be redistributed

Introduction

7

8

àôàé ô ôûéŝ àŝ ééàé  àôûŝ à fé àÇôŝ, ŝà ô ôé à ŝé-ŝà ô ééàéé à éà ô ôô.  hé ééé ô Ç é Iŝé ôûé Çà é ôàé ô é àô à ŝ ô é lûéÇé ô é ô ôÇéŝŝéŝ ŝ ààŝ à àé ô ŝÇûŝŝô. A é é ŝôûÇéŝ Çéà ô Çàé à à éàŝ ŝôé àôŝ ôô éà ééŝ  é éŝ ô é àé éŝ, ô ô ô é é éé à ô, û àŝô  àé é éà. SûÇ ééŝ àéàŝ ô ŝàÇé  à éé é  é éà  àŝôÇà Qûûŝ Aûéûŝ SàÇûŝ  é 4 Çéû. é éôŝ à é ô ô ôŝàÇ, ûé éôûŝ, à é àé ô  ôû ô éÇôà é àûŝ ô ŝ  ô ôûŝé.  Oé ûéŝôŝ ÇôÇé é éé ô é àô’ŝ àÇ ô é Ià ôûÇ àé  àŝé ô ŝŝûéŝ éàé ô ôŝô ôàŝàô à é ôûÇô ôÇéŝŝéŝ. Tô à ééé àŝ é Ià éŝû ô à ôûé ééé ô, ô ŝàÇé, é àààé à àéà D Çûŝôéŝ ŝôééŝ àé ô àÇÇé é-éŝé ôûÇŝ à  ô éàé ô é éŝôà ŝô ô é àô, ô Çôû é ô ŝé lûéÇé é éé ôÇéŝŝ, ô éŝ ô ŝé à é Ià éÇôàé ôûÇ ï ŝééŝ à é àô’ŝ éé ô lûéÇé ôÇÇàŝôà é  ô ô é àŝŝ éàŝ ô é ôûé, 7 ŝûÇ àŝ é ÇôÇé ô é àéà, à  àŝ éé àûé, ô é àŝŝ ô ôŝàÇŝ ô Rôà Nô AÇà, à é àô à à ŝô à éÇŝé lûéÇé ô é éŝ 8 ô lôô éÇôàôŝ.  ï àéàŝ à àôàé Çôû àé àôûŝ ôŝ, à é ŝôé éé ôé-à Çôŝŝôŝ ôéŝ éé àé-ŝÇàé ôjéÇŝ ûéàé  à ôû ô éôé. PûàÇ éŝ ô Çéŝ ô é àŝŝ ô Çôéé ô ÇôàÇŝ ô û ôjéÇŝ, ŝûÇ  àŝ ééŝ. ô é àé àûé éô, é ô ô ààéŝ ô ŝ  ô “Ç àôàé”, ô éàé  éàô ô é ÇûÇéŝ ô é Néà Eàŝ éé,  ôé Çàŝé, àôûŝ Çéŝ ô Çéà Çéŝ ŝôŝôé é CûÇ ô S Séé  U 0 é-Ràŝàŝ à ŝ ôŝàÇŝ. SûÇ éŝôéŝ àé ôà  ûéŝà é ôé ô

4 CÇéô Çôéŝôé  ŝ é Tûŝ Pôôûŝ AÇûŝ ô Géé à ô é ééŝé ô ŝ à  TûŝÇûû, CÇ.Att. 1.1.5; 1.6.; 1..; 1.9.; 1.1., àŝ é àŝ  ŝ é M. àûŝ Gàûŝ, CÇ.Fam. ..1-. ûÇàûŝ,Pîops. 1 éŝÇéŝ ôŝ ô à, ŝûÇ àŝ àŝ  ôôÇà àŝÇàéŝ éàé ô à àÇéÇûé. ô é ôé ô àÇéÇûé à ééŝ- é, ŝéé àŝô A. MàÇ. .4.1. A ŝà lûéÇé à é ôŝéé  é ŝéûÇà ŝéé. Péŝéé ŝ ŝô é éé ô Ç ûà àôŝ ôô à ééŝ  é éŝ ô é ô ôŝ, Càô 6, 4-44; ôé , 6-1. 5 S.Ep. .4.1-1 (41). 6 O ôŝôŝ à ôàŝàô, ŝéé Kŝéŝé  Pôûŝé 1. E.g.  é Çàŝé ô Aà PàÇŝ é ÇôÇé àŝ é àé ô Cààà àŝ àûé  D. Cô 199, -4, éŝéÇà .  Dûà 19, 4-. 9 Pû.Mor.49E. Nûéôûŝ éàéŝ ô Ç àôàé àé ô,e.g. àààŝŝôŝ àŝ àô é ôŝ Ç àé ô éŝŝô ô éÇàé à éé ô Téûŝ  6, TàÇ.Ann. 4.55. 1 DéÇàé  56: PÇÇô 199, -9; PÇÇô 1994, 14-164; Bàûà 1999, 14-1.

Stine Birk & Birte Poulsen

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é àô, ŝÇé é – ôà’ŝ ééŝ – àé ûŝûà é  é ôûé ŝé à ŝ éÇôàô àŝ é àŝŝ ô ôû ééàô.

The viewer hé éÇéô ô àÇé ŝûà àŝ ŝ éŝŝéà à ŝû ô é éé, à àŝ ŝô  ôé ŝûéŝ ô ŝûà Çûûé à àŝŝ-éà, éà ôéŝ ô éÇéŝŝà é  é àé ŝé. hé éà à ééàô Çôéŝ ô éŝéÇé   éàéé  é éé à ŝ ô é ééàô. Sà àôàÇéŝ àé éé àé ô Géé à Rôà ŝûà Çûûé  ŝÇôàŝ ŝûÇ àŝ . SÇéé (19) à J. Eŝé (ô éàé 1995 à ), ô éé ôéé û é ŝÇûŝŝô ô ô àéŝ à ôjéÇŝ éé ôôé à à ûéŝôô û é éô  Ç 2 3   é éé àé. Wôŝ ŝûÇ àŝ “BéàÇé”, “ôô”, “ŝéé”, “é” àé ûŝ éÇôé éŝ ôû Ç féé àŝéÇŝ ô Rôà ŝôÇé àé àôàÇé. héé ôûéŝ àé ôé “éà”  éŝ ô ûéŝà ŝôÇà ÇôÇéŝ ŝûÇ àŝ  éé, ŝôÇà ŝàûŝ, ûàŝ, à é éàô ééé féé ŝôÇà ôûŝ.  hé éà ŝôûÇéŝ éàé ô ôû à é ééŝé ô ô àé à ûÇ ûŝ àŝ éà ô éŝŝ é ééŝ à ô ééà é ŝôÇà ŝàûŝ ô é àôŝ. hé ôŝ àôûŝ éé ô Aû ŝ Çéà Pôŝàôŝ, à ôû ŝ éŝÇôŝ ô àŝ – éà ô ô – é à é ôô à à ôû é ééŝ 7 ô à àÇé éé.  ï à ŝÇûŝŝô ô é éé, é ŝôû é ààé à é àé ô éà  à ô- ôééôûŝ ôû ô éôé à éàé ô à à àÇéÇûé  ŝà ôéé. PûÇ à à àÇéÇûé éé ûŝûà éà ô é ŝéé ô ô  ôé ûà ô à éIé ôû ô éôé, û  à ôé àé ô féé ééŝ éô ô àôûŝ ŝôÇà, éûÇàôà à Çûûà ééŝ. hé ôûéŝ, ééôé, à ô éŝéÇ Çéà ûéŝ à Çàé ô é ééÇàôŝ ô é ŝûôû ŝôÇé,  ôé ô ŝéÇûé é

11 Sûé  Cà 1. ô à éé, ŝéé éÇ . 1 Aô é Iŝ Çôûôŝ ŝôû é éôé SÇéé 19 à 199; WààÇé-à 199. Réàé ŝŝûéŝ àé ŝÇûŝŝé,e.g. SÇééet a. 199 à é . 1 ï éŝ ŝûÇ àŝLookîng at ovemakîng, Càé 199;Lookîng at augter, Càé ;Lookîng at ookîng, SàôÇ . 14 Eàéŝ àé:On seeîng and depîctîng te teatre în cassîca Atens, Géé 1991;Seeîng women în te Vîa o te Mysterîes, Béà ;Seeîng Statues, RôûéÇÈ 11. 15Art în te Lîves o Ordînary Romans. Vîsua representatîon and non-eîte vîewers în ïtay,Càé ;Greeks on Greekness. Vîewîng te Greek past under te Roman empîre, Kôŝà  Sà 6; Vîewîng Arîadne, Eŝé ;Vîsîbîîty and Vîewîng, Té . 16 Ràûà  (Readîng te body); Môŝéà  (Readîng gender); û  (Readîng te Cîgî vase); Eàŝô  (Readîng deat). 1 hé àŝ éé éŝûà  à ŝôà  Nàéŝ, Pôŝ.ïmag.Pôôô 1.4 (Tàŝ. A. ààŝ, ôé é., 196); Eŝé 1995, -9. ï ŝ àŝô ô ôÇ ô ôé ô é ôé é-ô ééŝ ô àÇé àÇéÇûé à à, é àéé Pàûŝààŝ, àééŝ é à ôûéŝ é ŝééŝ à éŝÇéŝ, Eŝé 1995, 1-155.

CONTENTS INDEX (Geographical) INDEX (Names and sources) This page is protected by copyright and may not be redistributed

Introduction

9