Religious Movements in the Middle Ages

Herbert Grundmann, Steven Rowan

Description

Medievalists, historians, and women's studies specialists will welcome this translation of Herbert Grundmann's classic study of religious movements in the Middle Ages because it provides a much-needed history of medieval religious life--one that lies between the extremes of doctrinal classification and materialistic analysis--and because it represents the first major effort to underline the importance of women in the development of the language and practice of religion in the Middle Ages.

Sujets

• Medieval
• HISTORY
• Philosophie et théologie
• Religión
• Edad Media
• Heresy
• Pastoral Care
• Middle Ages
• Language
• Historiography
• Religion
• Langage
• Germany
• Translation
• Europe

Informations

• Publié par: University of Notre Dame Press
• Date de parution: 31 janvier 1995
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780268080891
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

Extrait

RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS IN THE MIDDLE AGES
H ERBERT G RUNDMANN
Religious Movements in the Middle Ages
The Historical Links between Heresy, the Mendicant Orders, and the Women s Religious Movement in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Century, with the Historical Foundations of German Mysticism
translated by
S TEVEN R OWAN
with an introduction by
R OBERT E. L ERNER
UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME PRESS Notre Dame
University of Notre Dame Press
Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
www.undpress.nd.edu
All Rights Reserved
Published in the United States of America
Copyright 1995 by University of Notre Dame
Reprinted in 2002, 2005
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Grundmann, Herbert, 1902-1970.
[Religi se Bewegungen im Mittelalter. English]
Religious movements in the Middle Ages : the historical links between heresy, the Mendicant Orders, and the women s religious movement in the twelfth and thirteenth century, with the historical foundations of German mysticism / Herbert Grundmann ; translated by Steven Rowan.
p. cm.
Translation of: Religi se Bewegungen im Mittelalter.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-268-01649-6 (alk. paper)
ISBN 0-268-01653-4 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Europe-Church history-600-1500. 2. Heresies, Christian-History-Middle Ages, 600-1500. 3. Friars-History. 4. Monasticism and religious orders for women-Europe-History. 5. Mysticism-Germany-History-Middle Ages, 600-1500. I. Title.
BR270.G713 1994
282 .4 09021-dc20
94-15466
CIP
ISBN 9780268080891
This book is printed on acid-free paper .
This e-Book was converted from the original source file by a third-party vendor. Readers who notice any formatting, textual, or readability issues are encouraged to contact the publisher at [e-mail] .
CONTENTS
TRANSLATOR S NOTE
INTRODUCTION TO THE TRANSLATION, ROBERT E. LERNER
PREFACE TO THE REPRINTED EDITION (1961)
ABBREVIATIONS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1: The Religious Movement in the Twelfth Century: Apostolic Life and Christian Poverty
1. The Heretical Movement of the Twelfth Century
2. Apostolic Itinerant Preaching and the Rise of New Orders
3. Ecclesiastical Measures against Heresy and the Religious Movement of the Twelfth Century
CHAPTER 2: The Religious Movement under Innocent III: The Rise of New Types of Orders
1. The Humiliati
2. The Waldensians
A. The Waldensians in Metz, 1199
B. Durandus of Huesca and the Catholic Poor: New Directions in the Struggle against Heresy
C. The Community of Bernardus Primus
3. Francis
4. The Lateran Council of 1215
CHAPTER 3: The Social Origins of Humiliati , Waldensians, and Franciscans
CHAPTER 4: The Origins of the Women s Religious Movement
CHAPTER 5: The Incorporation of the Women s Religious Movement into the Mendicant Orders
1. The Cistercian Order and Women s Houses
2. The Dominican Order and Women s Houses in the First Half of the Thirteenth Century
3. The Franciscan Order and Women s Houses in the First Half of the Thirteenth Century
4. The Reordering of Relations between the Mendicant Orders and Women s Houses, 1245
5. The Question of the Cura monialium in the Dominican Order
6. The Question of the Cura monialium in the Franciscan Order
7. Statistics on Women s Houses in the Mendicant Orders in the Thirteenth Century
CHAPTER 6: The Beguines in the Thirteenth Century
CHAPTER 7: The Heresy of the Free Spirit in the Religious Movement of the Thirteenth Century
1. The Heresy of the Amaurians in Paris, 1210
2. Preconditions for the Spread of Heresy in the Religious Movements of the Thirteenth Century
3. Heretical Currents in Women s Religious Associations in Southern Germany
4. Heresy in the Swabian Ries, 1270-73
CHAPTER 8: The Origins of a Religious Literature in the Vernacular
1. Itinerant Preaching and Religious Literature
2. The Women s Religious Movement and Vernacular Literature
APPENDIX: Heresy in the Eleventh Century
N EW C ONTRIBUTIONS TO THE H ISTORY OF R ELIGIOUS M OVEMENTS IN THE M IDDLE A GES
CHAPTER 1: The Foundation of Orders and Heretical Sects in the Twelfth Century
1. The New Orders
2. New Heresies and Sects
3. New Sources and Research on Heresy in the Twelfth Century
4. Vita apostolica and Itinerant Preaching
5. The Heretical Radicalization of the Religious Movement
6. Social Aspects of the Religious Movement
CHAPTER 2: German Mysticism, Beguines, and the Heresy of the Free Spirit
NOTES
FREQUENTLY CITED WORKS
INDEX
TRANSLATOR S NOTE
The basis of this translation is the second edition of Grundmann s book, published by the Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft of Darmstadt in 1961, which added an extensive review of research, published in 1955, to what was published in 1935. The text and notes are translated into English insofar as they were originally in German or another modern European language. Long quotations of Latin in the text have been translated, but extensive Latin quotations in the notes drawn from readily available standard editions have been excised, though the locations have been noted. The numbering of the notes in the original text has been preserved. Amendments to specific notes made by Grundmann in an appendix to the edition completed in 1960 are incorporated into the original annotations, with the additions placed in brackets [ ]. It was only after completing the translation that I was able to refer to the faithful Italian translation by Maria Aussenhofer and Lea Nicolet Santini published in 1980.
The citations of the 1935 edition have been amplified in keeping with modern editing principles, wherever possible. Christina James Fritsch is to be thanked for helping me revise the wording of the translation and reedit the notes.
This translation is dedicated to my own Doktorvater , Professor Giles Constable of the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, in observance of his sixty-fifth birthday.
Steven Rowan St. Louis, Missouri
INTRODUCTION TO THE TRANSLATION
Robert E. Lerner
Six toweringly impressive works of medieval history were published by German-speaking historians between 1927 and 1939: Ernst Kantorowicz, Kaiser Friedrich II . (1927); Percy Ernst Schramm, Kaiser, Rom und Renovatio (1929); Herbert Grundmann, Religi se Bewegungen im Mittelalter (1935); Carl Erdmann, Die Entstehung des Kreuzzugsgedankens (1935); Gerd Tellenbach, Libertas: Kirche und Weltordnung im Zeitalter des Investiturstreits (1936); and Otto Brunner, Land und Herrschaft (1939). Perhaps this list confirms the adage that Minerva s owl flies at dusk. Be that as it may, Grundmann s Religi se Bewegungen is now the fifth of the six to be made available to an English-language readership, after far too long a wait. 1 This introduction will attempt to explain why Grundmann s masterwork remains fresh and exciting sixty years after its initial publication, but first a brief account of Grundmann s career (never previously described in English) seems in order.
1. H ERBERT G RUNDMANN (1902-1970): A B IOGRAPHICAL S KETCH
Herbert Grundmann was born in 1902 in Meerane, an industrial town of Saxony, and grew up in Chemnitz, Saxony s largest industrial city. 2 Upon graduating high school in 1921 he entered the university in nearby Leipzig, where he majored first in political economy on the assumption that he would succeed his father as the owner of a stocking factory. After several semesters, including one each in Heidelberg and Munich, the young man made up his mind not to pursue a business career, and, after flirting with philosophy and literature, decided to specialize in medieval history. Grundmann chose to write a dissertation under the Leipzig historian Walter Goetz and took as his subject the thought of the neglected twelfth-century theologian of history, Joachim of Fiore. One can only marvel at the young Grundmann s daring and energy. Very little useful scholarship on Joachim existed before he went to work; not only that, but Joachim s mode of expression was notoriously difficult and his major writings were available in print only in execrable and sometimes barely legible editions published in the early sixteenth century. Nevertheless, Grundmann forged ahead and within about a year and a half had completed a brilliant dissertation that earned him a doctorate summa cum laude . 3 The year was 1926 and Grundmann was all of twenty-four years old.
If the doctorate was the work of a prodigy, more prodigious accomplishments were soon to follow. Grundmann s supervisor Goetz was sufficiently impressed with the dissertation to encourage the young man to qualify for a professorial career by habilitating (i.e., producing a book of substantial breadth and girth). Goetz hence arranged for Grundmann to receive a two-year fellowship to support research and writing. In those years (1926-1928) Grundmann engaged in manuscript studies in Germany, France, and Italy toward the goal of editing the works of Joachim of Fiore and familiarizing himself with hitherto neglected works in the Joachite prophetic tradition. Since the xerox machine had not yet been invented and photographic reproduction was prohibitively expensive, Grundmann often stayed in one or another poorly lit and unheated library for days at a time transcribing texts longhand. 4 Nevertheless, in the same two years, he also managed to write six path-breaking articles, four of which might easily have been published as a unit and counted as an impressive second book. 5 When his grant expired in 1928 he made ends meet by tak