Onward to the Olympics

Description

The Olympic Games have had two lives—the first lasted for a millennium with celebrations every four years at Olympia to honour the god Zeus. The second has blossomed over the past century, from a simple start in Athens in 1896 to a dazzling return to Greece in 2004. Onward to the Olympics provides both an overview and an array of insights into aspects of the Games’ history. Leading North American archaeologists and historians of sport explore the origins of the Games, compare the ancient and the modern, discuss the organization and financing of such massive athletic festivals, and examine the participation ,or the troubling lack of it, by women.

Onward to the Olympics bridges the historical divide between the ancient and the modern and concludes with a thought-provoking final essay that attempts to predict the future of the Olympics over the twenty-first century.

Sujets

• History

Informations

• Publié par: Wilfrid Laurier University Press
• Date de parution: 02 août 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781554587797
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

ONWARD TO THE OLYMPICS
ONWARD TO THE OLYMPICS
Historical Perspectives on the Olympic Games
Edited by Gerald P. Schaus and Stephen R. Wenn
Edited by Gerald P. Schaus and Stephen R. Wenn

2007 Publications of the Canadian Institute in Greece Publications de l Institut canadien en Gr ce No. 5
We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program for our publishing activities.
Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Onward to the Olympics: historical perspectives on the Olympic Games / Gerald P. Schaus and Stephen R. Wenn, editors.
Proceedings of a conference held in Waterloo, Ont., Oct. 3, 2003. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN -13: 978-0-88920-505-5 ISBN -10: 0-88920-505-1
I. Olympic games (Ancient)-History. 2. Olympics-History. I. Schaus, Gerald P., 1950-II. Wenn, Stephen R. (Stephen Robert), 1964-
GV 721.5.069 2007 798.4809 C 2007-900303-6
2007 Wilfrid Laurier University Press and The Canadian Institute in Greece/L Institut canadien en Gr ce
Cover design by David Drummond. Text design by C. Bonas-Taylor.
This book is printed on Ancient Forest Friendly paper (100% post-consumer recycled).
Printed in Canada
Every reasonable effort has been made to acquire permission for copyright material used in this text, and to acknowledge all such indebtedness accurately. Any errors and omissions called to the publisher s attention will be corrected in future printings.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior written consent of the publisher or a licence from The Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency (Access Copyright). For an Access Copyright licence, visit www.accesscopyright.ca or call toll free to 1-800-893-5777.
In memoriam
Victor Matthews
CONTENTS
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PREFACE
INTRODUCTION , Gerald P. Schaus
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
PART I: THE OLYMPICS IN ANTIQUITY
AN OVERVIEW
The Ancient Olympic Games through the Centuries, Nigel B. Crowther
ORIGINS
Politics and the Bronze Age Origins of Olympic Practices, Senta C. German
Pindar, Heracles the Idaean Dactyl, and the Foundation of the Olympic Games, Thomas K. Hubbard
The First Olympic Games, Max Nelson
The Transformation of Athletics in Sixth-Century Greece, Paul Christesen
IDEALS AND LOSERS
The Ancient Olympics and Their Ideals, Nigel B. Crowther
Olympic Losers: Why Athletes Who Did Not Win at Olympia Are Remembered, Victor Matthews

DETAILS OF THE FESTIVAL
Judges and Judging at the Ancient Olympic Games, David Gilman Romano
Heroic and Athletic Sortition at Ancient Olympia, Aileen Ajootian
Fabulous Females and Ancient Olympia, Donald G. Kyle
The Halma: A Running or Standing Jump?, Hugh M. Lee
ANOTHER VIEW OF OLYMPIA
Connections between Olympia and Stymphalus, Gerald P. Schaus
Commemorative Cash: The Coins of the Ancient and Modern Olympics, Robert Weir
WORKS CITED IN PART I
PART II: THE MODERN OLYMPICS
AN OVERVIEW
The Olympic Games in Modern Times, Robert K. Barney
THE OLYMPICS BEFORE WORLD WAR II
Duke Kahanamoku-Olympic Champion and Uncle Sam s Adopted Son: The Cultural Text of a Hawaiian Conqueror, Jim Nendel
Carl Diem s Inspiration for the Torch Relay? Jan Wils, Amsterdam 1928, and the Origin of the Olympic Flame, Robert K. Barney and Anthony Th. Bijkerk
The Great Progression: A Content Analysis of the Lake Placid News and the Los Angeles Times Treatment of the 1932 Olympics, Jonathan Paul
THE OLYMPICS AFTER WORLD WAR II
Womanizing Olympic Athletes: Policy and Practice during the Avery Brundage Era, Kevin B. Wamsley
The Bridge to Change: The 1976 Montreal Olympic Games, South African Apartheid Policy, and the Olympic Boycott Paradigm, Courtney W. Mason
Splitting Hairs: The Struggle between the Canadian Federal Government and the Organizing Committee of the 1976 Torontolympiad concerning South African Participation, David A. Greig
Juan Antonio Samaranch s Score Sheet: Revenue Generation and the Olympic Movement, 1980-2001, Stephen R. Wenn and Scott G. Martyn

THE FUTURE OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES
Olympic Ideals: Pragmatic Method and the Future of the Games, Tim Elcombe
To Construct a Better and More Peaceful World or War Minus the Shooting ?: The Olympic Movement s Second Century, Mark Dyreson
WORKS CITED IN PART II
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
INDEX
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
JUDGES AND JUDGING AT THE ANCIENT OLYMPIC GAMES / ROMANO
Figure 1. Bronze inscription from Olympia. From Wilhelm Dittenberger and Karl Purgold, Die Inschriften von Olympia (Berlin, 1896), no. 2
Figure 2. Reconstruction drawing of the agora area of Elis. From Nikolaos D. Papahatzis, (Athens, 1979), vol. 3, fig. 360
Figure 3. Sanctuary of Zeus at Olympia, ca. 450 BC . From Alfred Mallwitz, ed., X. Bericht ber die Ausgrabungen in Olympia (Berlin, 1981), tafel 40
Figure 4. Stadium III at Olympia. From Emil Kunze, ed., VIII. Bericht ber die Ausgrabungen in Olympia (Berlin 1967), tafel 11
Figure 5. Hellanodikai area in Stadium III, phase 1. From Emil Kunze and Hans Schleif, III. Bericht ber die Ausgrabungen in Olympia (Berlin 1941), tafel 3
Figure 6. Hellanodikai area in Stadium III, phase 2. From Emil Kunze and Hans Schleif, III. Bericht ber die Ausgrabungen in Olympia (Berlin 1941), tafel 4
Figure 7. Sanctuary of Zeus at Olympia, ca. 300 BC . From Hans-Volkmar Herrmann, Olympia: Heiligtum und Wettkampfst tte (Munich, 1972), 162
HEROIC AND ATHLETIC SORTITION AT ANCIENT OLYMPIA / AJOOTIAN
Figure 1. Early Classical starting line of the racetrack at ancient Corinth; American School of Classical Studies, Corinth Excavations 1980-50-2

Figure 2. Red-figure kylix , Stieglitz Painter. Mus e arch ologique, Dijon, 1301. After Agora XXVIII, pl. 5
Figure 3. Olympia, model of the Altis . DAI neg. 68/802
Figure 4. Olympia, foundations of Onatas early Classical Achaean Dedication
Figure 5. Olympia, plan of Onatas early Classical Achaean Dedication. From Felix Eckstein, Anathemata (Berlin, 1969)
Figure 6. Olympia, plan of the east side of the Altis . From Olympia, Karte und Pl ne , map 6e
THE HALMA: A RUNNING OR STANDING JUMP? / LEE
Figure 1. Interior of a red-figure kylix by Oltos from Vulci. From des Vergers, L trurie et Les trusques , III, pl. XXXVIII
Figure 2. Interior of a red-figure kylix in Graz dated to about 500 BC . From Joachim Ebert, Zum Pentathlon der Antike (Berlin, 1963), pl. V, fig. 9
Figure 3. Akontist , jumper, and official on a red-figure kylix by the Telephos Painter. Boston 01.8033, ARV 2 817.4
Figure 4. Discobolus , akontist , and jumper. Reverse of Boston 01.8033 (fig. 3)
Figure 5. West end of the stadium at Olympia
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN OLYMPIA AND STYMPHALUS / SCHAUS
Figure 1. Metope from the Temple of Zeus, Olympia, depicting Heracles bringing the Stymphalian birds to Athena. DAI neg. 1984/928
Figure 2. Plan of Stymphalus with proposed location of running track (dromos)
COMMEMORATIVE CASH / WEIR
Figure 1. Mexico City Olympics (1968), 25-peso commemorative
Figure 2. Munich Olympics (1972), 10-mark commemorative of Series 4
Figure 3. Montreal Olympics (1976), 100 gold commemorative (14 karats)
Figure 4. Montreal Olympics (1976), selection of 5 and 10 silver commemoratives from Series 2, 3, 5, and 7
Figure 5. Silver hemidrachmon of Olympia, ca. 350/325 BC . From Stymphalus hoard of 1999
Figure 6. Bronze of Olympia, minted under Caracalla, AD 198-217
PREFACE
This collection of essays is the result of a conference entitled Onward to the Olympics: Historical Perspectives on the Olympic Games , sponsored by Wilfrid Laurier University ( WLU ) and the Canadian Academic Institute in Athens (now the Canadian Institute in Greece) and held in Waterloo, Ontario, on 3-4 October 2003. The idea behind the conference was to explore and in some small way reinforce the connection between the Olympic Games of the ancient Greek world-held for a thousand years at Olympia, 250 km west of Athens-and the modern Olympic Games, which were about to return to Athens in the summer of 2004 after a 108-year absence. It was expected that Greece, as host country of the Games of the 28th Olympiad, would engage the attention of both students of history and the curious public at large, who would watch the Olympics in their place of origin for the first time in a century. A strong interest in the history of the Olympic Games by the co-chairs of the conference organizing committee, both of whom teach the subject at wlu, as well as the considerable research strengths of colleagues at nearby universities, gave further impetus to the idea, and led to the formation of an organizing committee representing both ancient and modern sides of the Olympic history divide.

A small but serious concern was how to bridge this divide effectively so that scholars of quite different historical periods could learn from each other and offer insights into the forces of change governing the Games, whether ancient or modern. We hoped that by organizing joint sessions and encouraging exchange, especially on topics of mutual interest, we might break down any natural reticence to step across the divide. In the end, we probably need not have worried, since our common interests in history and in sport were enough in and of themselves to bring participants together. Nonetheless, the process was encouraged through