Florence Nightingale: The Crimean War

Description

Florence Nightingale is famous as the “lady with the lamp” in the Crimean War, 1854—56. There is a massive amount of literature on this work, but, as editor Lynn McDonald shows, it is often erroneous, and films and press reporting on it have been even less accurate. The Crimean War reports on Nightingale’s correspondence from the war hospitals and on the staggering amount of work she did post-war to ensure that the appalling death rate from disease (higher than that from bullets) did not recur.

This volume contains much on Nightingale’s efforts to achieve real reforms. Her well-known, and relatively “sanitized”, evidence to the royal commission on the war is compared with her confidential, much franker, and very thorough Notes on the Health of the British Army, where the full horrors of disease and neglect are laid out, with the names of those responsible.

Sujets

• History

Informations

• Publié par: Wilfrid Laurier University Press
• Date de parution: 01 février 2011
• Nombre de lectures: 2
• EAN13: 9781554587476
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

Extrait

F LORENCE N IGHTINGALE : T HE C RIMEAN W AR
V OLUME 14 OF THE C OLLECTED W ORKS OF F LORENCE N IGHTINGALE
T HE C OLLECTED W ORKS OF F LORENCE N IGHTINGALE
L IST OF V OLUMES
Note: Short title denoted by bold. Edited by Lynn McDonald, except as indicated.
F LORENCE N IGHTINGALE : T HE C RIMEAN W AR
L YNN M C D ONALD, EDITOR
V OLUME 14 OF THE C OLLECTED W ORKS OF F LORENCE N IGHTINGALE
We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program for our publishing activities.
Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Nightingale, Florence, 1820-1910
Florence Nightingale: the Crimean War / Lynn McDonald, editor.
(Collected works of Florence Nightingale; v. 14)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Issued also in electronic format.
ISBN 978-0-88920-469-0 (bound)
1. Crimean War, 1853-1856 - Medical care. 2. Crimean War, 1853-1856 - Health aspects. 3. Great Britain. Army - Medical care - History -19th century. 4. Soldiers - Health and hygiene - Great Britain - History-19th century. 5. Nightingale, Florence, 1820-1910. 6. Crimean War, 1853-1856 - Personal narratives, British. I. McDonald, Lynn, 1940- II. Title. III. Title: Crimean War. IV. Series: Nightingale, Florence, 1820-1910. Collected works of Florence Nightingale; v. 14. DK215.N54 2010 947 .07387 C2010-905173-4
Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Nightingale, Florence, 1820-1910
Florence Nightingale [electronic resource]: the Crimean War / Lynn McDonald, editor.
(Collected works of Florence Nightingale; v. 14)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Issued also in print format.
ISBN 978-1-55458-245-7
1. Crimean War, 1853-1856 - Medical care. 2. Crimean War, 1853-1856 - Health aspects. 3. Great Britain. Army - Medical care - History -19th century. 4. Soldiers - Health and hygiene - Great Britain - History-19th century. 5. Nightingale, Florence, 1820-1910. 6. Crimean War, 1853-1856 - Personal narratives, British. I. McDonald, Lynn, 1940- II. Title. III. Title: Crimean War. IV. Series: Nightingale, Florence, 1820-1910. Collected works of Florence Nightingale; v. 14. DK215.N54 2010a 947 .07387 C2010-905174-2
2010 Wilfrid Laurier University Press
Cover design by Leslie Macredie. On the front cover is the iconic painting Mission of Mercy: Florence Nightingale Receiving the Wounded at Scutari (1858), a composite scene by Jerry Barrett. Reproduced courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery. The front flap shows one of Nightingale s pioneering area charts adapted to a new issue-climate change. Emissions data of 2006 from the Energy Information Administration, population data of 2007 from the Population Reference Bureau. Chart prepared by Lynn McDonald and Patricia Warwick. On the back cover is one of Nightingale s classic rose or area charts, Diagram of the Causes of Mortality. The image on the back flap-a modified clock chart that uses the same data as the area charts on the back cover-was prepared by Lynn McDonald and Patricia Warwick.
Printed in Canada
Every reasonable effort has been made to acquire permission for copyright material used in this text, and to acknowledge all such indebtedness accurately. Any errors and omissions called to the publisher s attention will be corrected in future printings.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior consent of the publisher or a licence from The Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency (Access Copyright). For an Access Copyright licence, visit www.accesscopyright.ca or call toll free to 1-800-893-5777.
Wilfrid Laurier University Press
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3C5
E-mail: [e-mail]
Web: www.wlupress.wlu.ca
Collected Works of Florence Nightingale website:
www.sociology.uoguelph.ca/fnightingale
C ONTENTS
Acknowledgments
Dramatis Personae
List of Illustrations
Florence Nightingale: A Pr cis of Her Life
An Introduction to Volume 14
A Chronology of the Crimean War and Nightingale s Work
Background on the Crimean War
Medical Science at the Time of the Crimean War
Investigations of the Crimean War
Secondary Sources on Nightingale and the Crimean War
Key to Editing
Letters from the Crimean War
Preparations, Departure and Travel
1855
1856
On Return from the Crimean War
1857-58
Nightingale s Reports on the Crimean War
Notes on the Health of the British Army
Answers to Written Questions
Promotion and Distribution of the Reports
Epilogue: The Formative Influence of the Crimean War
Bibliography
Index
A CKNOWLEDGMENTS
Acknowledgments are due to a large number of individuals and organizations for assistance on this volume, and for assistance at all stages in the Collected Works project. First of all acknowledgments are due to the Henry Bonham Carter Will Trust for permission to publish Nightingale original manuscripts, and indeed for treating Nightingale material generally as being in the public domain. To the owners of Nightingale manuscripts thanks are due for their important role in conservation, for permitting scholarly access and for permitting copies to be made for this Collected Works .
Many people worked on the preparation of the texts, many as volunteers. Thanks are due to transcribers Gwyneth Watkins and Victoria Rea; verifiers of texts and assistance with proofreading, Patricia Warwick, Antonia Butler, Mary Boyce and Arun Dhanota. Thanks to Patricia Warwick for assistance with visuals and technical support. Thanks to biographer Mark Bostridge for sharing his archival research notes and to Dr Maria Luddy for Convent of Mercy materials.
Archivists and librarians around the world provided skilled assistance, often beyond the call of duty. New material appeared by e-mail thanks to alert archivists and researchers in several countries. Author Hugh Small kindly supplied scans from his private collection of Nightingale material.
At Wilfrid Laurier University Press thanks are due to Dr Brian Henderson, director; Rob Kohlmeier, managing editor; Heather Blain-Yanke, production manager; Doreen Armbruster, typesetter; Leslie Macreadie and Penelope Grows, marketing; Lisa Quinn, peer review; and Catharine Bonas-Taylor and Steve Izma, technical support. Thanks are due to the anonymous peer reviewers for helpful comments. The copy editing was done by Kristen Peterson Chew. Acknowledgments for photographs and other illustrations are given where they appear.
In spite of the assistance of so many people errors undoubtedly remain, which are the responsibility of the editor. We would be grateful for notification of any errors, and for information on missing identifications. Corrections will be made in the electronic text and any later print publications.

Collage of stamps commemorating Nightingale s Crimean War work. Reproductions courtesy of Dr Gwen Prout.
D RAMATIS P ERSONAE
Frances Nightingale (1788-1880), mother William Edward Nightingale (1794-1874), father Parthenope Nightingale (1819-90), later Lady Verney, sister Mary Shore Smith (1798-1889), Aunt Mai, accompanied to Scutari Samuel Smith (1794-1880), Uncle Sam, accompanied to Scutari
C.H. Bracebridge (1799-1872), family friend, accompanied to Scutari Selina Bracebridge (1800-74), , family friend, accompanied to Scutari (Lady) Charlotte Canning (1817-61), ladies committee (Lady) Cranworth (1807-68), ladies committee Elizabeth Herbert (1822-1911), ladies committee, friend Sidney Herbert (1810-61), secretary at war (Dr) William Farr (1807-83), medical statistician Dr (Sir) John Hall (1815-1866), inspector general of hospitals (Sir) Benjamin Hawes (1797-1862), under secretary for war Harriet Martineau (1802-76), journalist, friend (Sir) John McNeill (1795-1883), supply commission (Rev Mother) Mary Clare Moore, Sisters of Mercy, Bermondsey Lord Panmure (1801-74), secretary for war Lord Raglan (1788-1855), commander of the forces (Lt Col) John Henry Lefroy, confidential agent of Lord Panmure (Sir) Andrew Smith (1797-1872), director, Army Medical Department Jane Elizabeth Shaw Stewart (c1821-1905), superintendent (General Sir) Henry K. Storks (1811-74), commander in Turkey (Dr) John Sutherland (1808-91), sanitary expert, collaborator (Sir) Alexander M. Tulloch (1803-64), supply commission Queen Victoria (1819-1901), monarch
L IST OF I LLUSTRATIONS
Postage stamps commemorating Nightingale s Crimean War work,
Key sites of the Crimean War,
Drying closet used by the hospital at Scutari,
Nightingale letter to the family of a dead soldier from the Derby Mercury ,
Inscription on a Bible sent to Nightingale by an admirer,
Original title page of Nightingale s confidential report, .
Covering letter Nightingale sent with the confidential report,
Illustrations facing page 530
1. The council of war (June 1855) of the three army commanders.
2. Lady Canning and Dr (Sir) John Hall.
3. Lord Panmure and Sidney Herbert, secretaries for war.
4. Diagram of the mortality in the hospitals of Scutari and Koulali.
5. Nightingale s classic charts, Diagram of the causes of mortality.
6. The sanitary commissioners, Dr Sutherland and Rawlinson.
7. Modified clock chart, from Nightingale s classic rose charts.
8. Photographs of the Barrack Hospital, Scutari.
F LORENCE N IGHTINGALE : A P R CIS OF H ER L IFE
Florence Nightingale was born in Florence, Italy, 1820, the second daughter of wealthy English parents taking an extended European wedding trip.