Hepatitis C Virus: The Next Epidemic, An issue of Gastroenterology Clinics of North America

K. Rajender Reddy

Description

There are over 180 million people with chronic HCV infection worldwide with between 2.7 and 3.9 million in the United States. Hepatitis C most significantly affects Asia and Africa, with rates up to 15% in countries such as Egypt and up to 30% in certain regions such as Punjab, Pakistan. Hepatitis C places a significant burden on the public health infrastructure, as it remains the leading cause of chronic liver disease, accounting for 50-75% of primary liver cancers and is responsible for 30% of all liver transplantations. It is estimated to have cost the United States $5.5 billion in 1997, comparable to the national cost of asthma, $5.8 billion in 1994.This number is only expected to grow as the current HCV population ages, increasing overall rates of compensated cirrhosis/end-stage liver disease. The evolution of directly acting anti-virals has ushered in a new era for chronic hepatitis C. Ongoing drug development strategy has involved targeting several replication steps of the virus and the hope is to see all oral therapies by late 2014 or early 2015. Thus we are at an exciting cross roads with regard to new information and challenges with HCV: rising disease burden with associated high costs, the challenges globally and in multiple patient populations, and the impending availability of effective and well tolerated treatments. Therefore there is a need to commission an exclusive issue of GCNA for HCV.

Sujets

• Médecine
• Médecine Générale
• Medical
• Gastroenterology

Informations

• Publié par: Elsevier
• Date de parution: 07 janvier 2016
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780323402491
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Hepatitis C Virus: The Next Epidemic
Gastroenterology Clinics of North America
Editor
K. Rajender Reddy, MD, FACP, FACG
Viral Hepatitis Center, Medical Director of Liver Transplantation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Consulting Editor
Gary W. Falk

Clinics Review Articles

www.gastro.theclinics.com

December 2015 Volume 44 Number 4
Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Contributors
Consulting Editor
Editor
Authors
Forthcoming Issues
Forthcoming Issues
Recent Issues
Foreword. Hepatitis C Virus
Preface. Hepatitis C: Unfolding the Challenges
Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus: A Battle on New Frontiers
Key points
Introduction
Hepatitis C virus epidemiology: the first 20 years (1975-1995)
Hepatitis C virus epidemiology: 1995 to 2015
Acute hepatitis C virus: an emerging threat
Summary
References
Natural History of Hepatitis C
Key points
Introduction
Acute hepatitis C
Natural history of chronic hepatitis C
Natural history of cirrhosis
Factors that influence the outcome of chronic hepatitis C
Viral factors
Environmental factors
Summary
References
Immunopathogenesis of Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Key points
Introduction
Intrahepatocytic sensing and signaling
Induction of cellular and adaptive immune responses
Summary
References
Impact of Hepatitis C Virus Infection on Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Key points
Introduction
Epidemiology
Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma
Virology and pathogenesis
Impact of antiviral therapy on hepatocellular carcinoma
Surveillance
Prognosis/outcomes
Summary
References
Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis C Virus
Key points
Introduction
Mixed cryoglobulinemia
Treatment of mixed cryoglobulinemia syndrome
Lymphoproliferative disorders
Treatment of lymphoproliferative disorders
Porphyria cutanea tarda
Lichen planus
Thyroid disorders
Arthralgias and arthritis
Sicca syndrome and Sj gren syndrome
Diabetes mellitus and vascular disorders
Neurocognitive impairment
Summary
References
Hepatitis C: An Eastern Perspective
Key points
Introduction
The East as clusters of similar countries
Varied epidemiology
Complex genotype distribution
Differing hepatitis C virus treatments
Implications of favorable interferon-responsive genes
Diverse barriers in access to care
Management of hepatitis C virus infection in the East
Looking ahead to the future
Summary
References
Hepatitis C Virus: A European Perspective
Key points
Introduction
The epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection in Europe
Approved hepatitis C virus treatment options in the European Union
Summary
References
Current and Evolving Treatments of Genotype 1 Hepatitis C Virus
Key points
Introduction
Goal of therapy
Patient evaluation overview
Treatment options
Drug interactions
Monitoring during therapy
Safety of direct-acting antivirals
Future therapy
Summary
References
Hepatitis C Virus: Current and Evolving Treatments for Genotypes 2 and 3
Key points
Introduction
Hepatitis C virus genotype 2
Hepatitis C virus genotype 3
Cost-effectiveness of novel regimens
New challenges to optimize therapy for hepatitis C virus 2 and 3
Summary
References
Hepatitis C Virus: Current and Evolving Treatments for Genotype 4
Key points
Hepatitis C virus genotype 4 epidemiology and virus diversity
Pegylated interferon plus ribavirin: historical perspectives
New hope with data available with direct-acting antivirals for hepatitis C virus genotype 4
Direct-acting antivirals plus pegylated interferon plus ribavirin
Sofosbuvir plus pegylated interferon plus ribavirin (Neutrino study)
Simeprevir plus pegylated interferon plus ribavirin (Restore study)
Daclatasvir plus pegylated interferon plus ribavirin (Command study)
Interferon-free regimen
Sofosbuvir plus ledipasvir (Synergy study and trial GS 1119)
Sofosbuvir and simeprevir
Sofosbuvir and daclatasvir
Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir (Pearl study)
Daclatasvir, asunaprevir, and beclabuvir
Summary
References
Current Treatment Options in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 6
Key points
Introduction
Pharmacologic treatment options
Treatment resistance/complications
Evaluation of outcomes and long-term recommendations
Summary/Discussion
References
Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C in Special Populations
Key points
Introduction
Treatment of hepatitis C virus in patients with end-stage renal disease
Treatment of hepatitis C virus in patients with decompensated cirrhosis
Treatment of hepatitis C virus in liver transplant recipients
Treatment of hepatitis C virus in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons
Acknowledgments
References
Hepatitis C: Issues in Children
Key points
Introduction
Acute infection
Natural history
Case identification
Diagnosis
Malignancy
Treatment
Currently approved treatments for children
Summary
References
Index
Copyright
Elsevier
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GASTROENTEROLOGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA Volume 44, Number 4
December 2015 ISSN 0889-8553, ISBN-13: 978-0-323-40248-4
Editor: Kerry Holland
Developmental Editor: Alison Swety
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Contributors
Consulting Editor
GARY W. FALK, MD, MS , Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology,