Out of Poverty. Comparative Poverty Reduction Strategies in Eastern and Southern Africa

Justincox

Description

This study examines, traces and maps the poverty reduction policies adopted by six countries in Eastern and Southern Africa since the mid-1990s with a view to highlighting differences and similarities.

Informations

• Publié par: Mkuki na Nyota Publishers
• Date de parution: 15 octobre 2008
• Nombre de lectures: 1
• EAN13: 9789987081042
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 8 Mo

Extrait

Out of Poverty

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OUT OF POVERTY

C OMPARATIVE P OVERTY R EDUCTION S TRATEGIES IN E ASTERN AND S OUTHERN A FRICA

Edited by Flora L. Kessy & Arne Tostensen

Mkuki na Nyota Publishers P. O. Box 4246 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania www.mkukinanyota.com

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Thîs book îs pubîshed by: Mkukî na Nyota Pubîshers Ltd P. O. Box 446 Dar es Saaam, Tanzanîa Emaî: edîtorîa.uharîrî@mkukînanyota.com Websîte: www.mkukînanyota.com

© Arne TostensenFora L. Kessy, et a.,008

ïSBN:

978-9987-08-006-9

A rîghts reserved. No part o thîs pubîcatîon may be reproduced, stored în a retrîeva system, or transmîtted în any orm or by any means wîthout the prîor permîssîon o the pubîsher, or be otherwîse cîrcuated în any orm o bîndîng or cover other than that în whîch ît îs pubîshed and wîthout a sîmîar condîtîon beîng împosed o the subsequent purchaser.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Lîsts o Tabes and Fîgures Lîst o Tabes .......................................................................................................................................................................... vîîî Lîst o Fîgures...........................................................................................................................................................................îx Lîst o Abbrevîatîons and Acronyms ..........................................................................................................................x Acknowedgements.......................................................................................................................................................... xv Notes on Contrîbutors ..................................................................................................................................................xvîî

C 1: HAPTER Poverty Reductîon în Eastern and Southern Arîca: An ïntroductîon....................................................1 1.1 ïntroductîon...........................................................................................................................................................1 1.TheHïPCînîtîatîve..............................................................................................................................................3 1.3 Desîgnîng a PRSP ...............................................................................................................................................4 1.4 Poverty Reductîon Strategîes în Eastern and Southern Arîca ...............................................6 1.5 Approach, methodoogy and împementatîon ..............................................................................7 1.6 Structure o the book.......................................................................................................................................8 Reerences ..........................................................................................................................................................................9

C 2: HAPTER The Evoutîon o Poverty Reductîon Strategîes în Tanzanîa ....................................................................10 .1 ïntroductîon ......................................................................................................................................................10 . Determînants o poverty ..........................................................................................................................11 .3 Economîc growth and poverty ..............................................................................................................13 .4 Quaîty o îe and socîa we-beîng.....................................................................................................16 .5 Tackîng vunerabîîty..................................................................................................................................... .6 Enhancîng governance and accountabîîty .................................................................................. .7 The Tanzanîa Poverty Reductîon Strategy ......................................................................................3 .8 Concusîon...........................................................................................................................................................30 Reerences ......................................................................................................................................................................31

C HAPTER 3: Poverty and îts Reductîon în Uganda ....................................................................................................................33 3.1 ïntroductîon ......................................................................................................................................................33 3. Economîc Growth ...........................................................................................................................................33 3.3 Poverty trends ..................................................................................................................................................35 3.4 The Poverty Reductîon Strategy ...........................................................................................................41 3.5 Concusîon...........................................................................................................................................................5 3.6 Further research ...............................................................................................................................................53 Reerences .......................................................................................................................................................................54

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C 4: HAPTER Poverty Proie and the Evoutîon o Poverty Reductîon Strategîes în Zambîa ............................56 4.1 ïntroductîon ......................................................................................................................................................56 4. Overvîew o recent perormance o the Zambîan economy ..............................................57 4.3 Poverty trends în Zambîa ..........................................................................................................................59 4.4 Poverty Reductîon Strategy Process în Zambîa ..........................................................................65 4.5 Concusîon .........................................................................................................................................................78 Reerences .....................................................................................................................................................................81

C 5: HAPTER Poverty Status and Evoutîon o Poverty Reductîon Poîcîes and Strategîes în Botswana ....................................................................................................................................................................83 5.1 ïntroductîon........................................................................................................................................................83 5. Macroeconomîc perormance and anaysîs ..................................................................................84 5.3 Demographîc proie.....................................................................................................................................86 5.4 Poverty status and proie ..........................................................................................................................87 5.5 Non-încome poverty ....................................................................................................................................90 5.6 Determînants o poverty în Botswana ...............................................................................................96 5.7 Evoutîon o Poverty Reductîon Strategîes and Poîcîes în Botswana ............................97 5.8 Stakehoder vîews o the NPRS............................................................................................................ 100 5.9 Economy-wîde strategîes or poverty reductîon...................................................................... 104 5.10 The Roe o the vountary sector......................................................................................................... 111 5.11 Concusîons ..................................................................................................................................................... 111 Reerences ................................................................................................................................................................... 114

C 6: HAPTER Poverty Proies and the Evoutîon o Poverty Reductîon Strategîes în Kenya .......................... 117 6.1 ïntroductîon..................................................................................................................................................... 117 6. Poverty proie ................................................................................................................................................ 119 6.3 Evoutîon o poverty reductîon strategîes ................................................................................... 14 6.4 Concusîon........................................................................................................................................................ 133 Reerences.................................................................................................................................................................... 135

C HAPTER 7: Poverty Proie and Poverty Reductîon Strategîes în Namîbîa............................................................. 137 7.1 ïntroductîon..................................................................................................................................................... 137 7. Overvîew o socîo-economîc perormance ................................................................................ 138 7.3 The poverty proie ...................................................................................................................................... 144 7.4 Poîcy responses............................................................................................................................................ 149 7.5 The roe o regîona organîsatîons .................................................................................................... 157 7.6 The roe o înternatîona partners....................................................................................................... 158 7.7 Concusîon........................................................................................................................................................ 158 Reerences..... ............................................................................................................................................................... 160

C HAPTER 8: Comparîng Poverty Reductîon Strategîes în Eastern and Southern Arîca ................................. 16 8.1 ïntroductîon..................................................................................................................................................... 16 8. Some undamentas ................................................................................................................................... 16 8.3 Key îndîcators ................................................................................................................................................. 163 8.4 Dîmensîons and parameters o comparîson............................................................................... 165 8.5 Macro-economîc ramework and pro-poor economîc growth...................................... 168 8.6 Sector-specîic emphases ...................................................................................................................... 171 8.7 Ownershîp and partîcîpatîon................................................................................................................ 173 8.8 ïnstîtutîonaîsatîon and împementatîon....................................................................................... 175 8.9 Aîgnment wîth budgets ......................................................................................................................... 177 8.10 Tîme perspectîve and sequencîng o înterventîons .............................................................. 178 8.11 ïnternatîona undîng and the roe o regîona groupîngs................................................. 178 8.1 Concusîon ....................................................................................................................................................... 180 Reerences...... .............................................................................................................................................................. 18

ïndex ........................ .............................................................................................................................................................. 189

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LISTS OF TABLES AND FIGURES

L T IST OF ABLES

Chapter 2: Tanzania

Tabe .1: Tanzanîa: Seected Macroeconomîc ïndîcators, 001–007 .............................13 Tabe .: Tanzanîa: Nutrîtîona Status among Chîdren............................................................17 Tabe .3: Water and Sanîtatîon Progress ...........................................................................................1 Chapter 3: Uganda Tabe 3.1: Rea GDP Growth Rates by Sector, Tota Popuatîon and Per Capîta GDP 33 Tabe 3.: Sector Contrîbutîon to GDP, 000/01–005/06 (Percentages)........................34 Tabe 3.3: Poverty Trends în Uganda, 199/93–005/06............................................................35 Tabe 3.4: Lîteracy Rates or Popuatîon Aged 10 Years and Above (Percentages) ....37 Tabe 3.5: Prîmary Schoo Net Enroment Ratîo ...............................................................................38 Tabe 3.6: Empoyment to Popuatîon Ratîo or Persons 14–64 Years ..............................38 Tabe 3.7: Empoyment o Workîng Popuatîon 14–64 Years by ïndustry (Percentages)..................................................................................................................................39 Tabe 3.8: Popuatîon by Type o ïness, Regîon and Age Group în 005/06 (Percentages)..................................................................................................................................39 Tabe 3.9: HïV Prevaence by Age and Sex, 004/05 .....................................................................40 Tabe 3.10: Access to Sae Drînkîng Water and Eectrîcîty by Resîdence (Percentages)..................................................................................................................................41 Chapter 4: Zambia Tabe 4.1: Annua Gross Domestîc Product (GDP) Growth Rates by Sector, 1998–004........................................................................................................................................57 Tabe 4.: Annua GDP Growth Rates by Expendîture Type, 1998–004..........................58 Tabe 4.3: Seected Non-ïncome Poverty ïndîcators, 1990–004 .........................................6 Chapter 5: Botswana Tabe 5.1: Budget Aocatîons to HïV and AïDS ................................................................................95 Tabe 5.: Vîsîon 016 and the MDGs.....................................................................................................98 Tabe 5.3: Cross-Cuttîng ïssues ................................................................................................................ 103 Tabe 5.4: Poverty and Hunger Reductîon Poîcîes, Strategîes and Programmes.... 104 Chapter 6: Kenya Tabe 6.1: Overvîew o the Perormance o the Kenyan Economy ................................... 118 Tabe 6.: Summary o Prevîous Poverty Estîmates or Kenya ............................................. 1 Tabe 6.3: Provîncîa Absoute Poverty Trends................................................................................ 13 Tabe 6.4: ïndîcators o Provîncîa ïnequaîtîes ............................................................................... 14 Chapter 7: Namibia

Tabe 7.1: Tabe 7.:

Growth Rates o Seected Sectors (Percentages) .................................................. 139 Seected Heath ïndîcators .................................................................................................. 14

Tabe 7.3: Varîous Socîa ïndîcators (Percentage)......................................................................... 143 Tabe 7.4: Average Dîstances to Educatîon and Heath Servîces, NHïES 003/04 .. 146 Tabe 7.5: Access to Water by the Poor (Percentages) .............................................................. 146 Tabe 7.6: Human Poverty ïndex by Regîon between 1998 and 001 (Percentages)............................................................................................................................... 147 Tabe 7.7: Namîbîa’s Progress towards Achîevîng the MDGs................................................ 148 Chapter 8: Eastern & Southern Africa Tabe 8.1: Poverty Headcount (Percent) ............................................................................................ 16 Tabe 8.: ïnequaîty: Gînî CoeIcîents ............................................................................................... 164 Tabe 8.3: Overvîew o Poverty Reductîon Strategîes and Pans........................................ 166 Tabe 8.4: Sectora Emphases în HïPC and Non-HïPC Countrîes ........................................ 17

L F IST OF IGURES

Chapter 2: Tanzania Fîgure .1: Food Poverty Status and Targets ........................................................................................14 Fîgure .: Tanzanîa Basîc Needs Poverty Status and Natîona Target .................................14 Chapter 4: Zambia Fîgure 4.1: Proportîon o Peope beow the Poverty Lîne............................................................59 Fîgure 4.: Proportîon o Peope Lîvîng în Extreme Poverty, 1991–004...........................60 Fîgure 4.3: Extreme Poverty Trends by Provînce, 1991–004 ...................................................60 Chapter 5: Botswana

Fîgure 5.1: Fîgure 5.: Fîgure 5.3: Fîgure 5.4: Fîgure 5.5: Fîgure 5.6: Fîgure 5.7: Fîgure 5.8: Fîgure 5.9: Fîgure 5.10: Fîgure 5.11: Fîgure 5.1: Fîgure 5.13: Fîgure 5.14: Fîgure 5.15: Fîgure 5.16:

GDP Growth Rate (percent)...................................................................................................84 Sectora share o GDP 004/05............................................................................................85 Trends în GDP Per Capîta ........................................................................................................85 Trends în Annua ïnlatîon (Percent).................................................................................86 Geographîca Dîstrîbutîon by Rura–Urban Popuatîon Mobîîty ...................87 Head Count Ratîo (1985 - 006)..........................................................................................88 Admînîstratîve Dîstrîct Dîstrîbutîon o Poverty..........................................................89 Trends în ïncome Dîstrîbutîon (Gînî CoeIcîent)......................................................90 Trends în Human Deveopment ïndex ...........................................................................91 Lîe Expectancy at Bîrth............................................................................................................91 Lîteracy Rate (Percent) ..............................................................................................................9 Pubîc Spendîng on Heath....................................................................................................9 ïnant and Under-Fîve Mortaîty Rate (Per 1000 bîrths)........................................93 Materna Mortaîty Rate (Per 100,000).............................................................................93 Access to Sae Drînkîng Water .............................................................................................94 Access to Sanîtatîon ...................................................................................................................94

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