Increasing Production from the Land

Antony Ellman, Andrew Coulson

Description

African agriculture faces major challenges with growing population pressure and the impact of climate change. Until now food production overall has broadly kept pace with demand. To maintain this impressive achievement, production from the land needs to be intensified, soil fertility must be enhanced, forests and water resources must be conserved, and land use practices must be sustainable over the long term. This book shows what needs to be done, and points to how best to achieve this. The book starts with a brief guide to what plants and animals need to grow well, how farmers currently use the land, and the research that is being conducted on new agricultural technologies. A comparison is made of productivity on small and large farms, which demonstrates that, contrary to some suggestions, small farmers, properly serviced, can be as productive or even more productive than larger farms. Subsequent chapters discuss issues of land tenure, pastoralism, training, the importance of women farmers, access to finance, markets, value chains, and contract farming as a partnership between small-scale producers, processors and traders in agricultural products. The final section of the book discusses whether a new �green revolution� is feasible or desirable for Africa. The potential risks and benefits of dependence on purchased agrochemicals, genetically modified varieties, and multinational seed and chemical companies are examined. A series of twelve broad policy proposals for achieving a sustainable agriculture sector is presented for consideration. Fifteen case studies illustrate the issues discussed in the book. Most of the examples are from East Africa, particularly Tanzania, but the principles addressed are relevant across the African continent. Each chapter of the book includes references and suggestions for further reading, most of them freely available to anyone with internet access. A set of essay questions exploring the issues covered in each chapter is included, to provide practical help for students of agriculture and their teachers.

Informations

• Publié par: Mkuki na Nyota Publishers
• Date de parution: 17 août 2018
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9789987083916
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

intensified, soil fertility must be enhanced, forests and water

training, the importance of women farmers, access to finance,

The final section of the book discusses whether a new “green

benefits of dependence on purchased agrochemicals, genetically modified varieties, and multinational seed and chemical companies

INCREASING PRODUCTION FROM THE LAND

A Sourcebook on Agriculture for Teachers and Students in East Africa

Andrew Coulson Antony Ellman Emmanuel Mbiha

ïNCREASïNG PRODUCTïON FROM THE LAND A Source Book on Agrîcuure or Teacers and Sudens în Eas Arîca

Andrew Couson, Anony Eman and Emmanue Mbîa

PubLîsHed by Mkûk na Noa Pûŝérŝ  P. O. Box 4246 Dar éŝ Saaam, Tanzana www.mkûknanoa.com

©Té Aûorŝ, 2018

ïSBN 978-9987-08-356-5

A rgŝ réŝérvé. No par o ŝ pûcaon ma é réproûcé, ŝoré n a réréva ŝŝém or ranŝmé n an orm or  an méanŝ, éécronc, mécanca, poocopng, récorng, or oérwŝé, woû é pror wrén pérmŝŝon o Mkûk na Noa Pûŝérŝ . www.mkûknanoa.com o réa moré aoû an o pûrcaŝé an o Mkûk na Noa ookŝ. Yoû w aŝo In éaûré aûorŝ nérvéwŝ an néwŝ aoû oér pûŝér/aûor événŝ. Sgn ûp or oûr é-néwŝéérŝ or ûpaéŝ on néw rééaŝéŝ an oér annoûncéménŝ.

Dŝrûé worwé oûŝé Arca  Arcan Bookŝ Coécvé. www.arcanookŝcoécvé.com

For e sma armers o Eas Arîca, and a wo suppor em

Conens

Acknowedgemens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v he Auors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x. . . . . Foreword. . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x Abbrevîaîons and Acronymsxv. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ïNTRODUCTïON W ŝook, an ow o ûŝé  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

PART 1A GUIDE TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION7. . . . . . . Caper 1Plants Grow, and Wat hey Need How To Grow Well9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Caŝé Sû 1: ow Vagéŝ n Nor-Eaŝ Tanzana Can Aap o Cmaé Cangé . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Caper 2 Crops and Lîvestock: How People Use te Land . . . . 27 Caŝé Sû 2: Swéé Poaoéŝ – é Péréc Crop? . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Caper 3and Irrîgatîon Water 51. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Caŝé Sû 3: Dakawa Rcé Farm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Caper 4 Agrîcultural Researc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Caŝé Sû 4: Réŝéarc an Dévéopmén o Caŝŝava n Tanzana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

PART 2GETTING THE MOST FROM THE LAND: HOW TO RAISE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY. . . . . . . . . . .93 Caper 5Farms Small . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Caŝé Sû 5: ProIa Anaŝŝ o Sma Farmŝ n Norérn Tanzana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111 Caper 6Farms Large . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115 Caŝé Sû 6: Uppér Kéé Co-opéravé Farm. . . . . . . . . . . . .128

Caper 7Access and Value Caîns Market  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136 Caŝé Sû 7: Tanzana’ŝ Co-opéravéŝ ook o é Fûûré. . .152 Caŝé Sû 8: CaÉréc – Far-Traé Téa rom Tanzana an Ugana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158 Caper 8 Resources for Agrîculture – Credît and Contracts. .164 Caŝé Sû 9: Cré an Conracŝ – Conraŝng Expéréncéŝ w Coon an Toacco n Tanzana . . . . . . . . .177 Caŝé Sû 10: Dar Qûa Can – Tanga Fréŝ mé . .181 Caŝé Sû 11: Conrac Cûvaon o é Anmaara PanAremîsîa annua. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185 Caper 9Extensîon: Gettîng New Agrîcultural Tecnologîes to Were hey are Needed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192 Caŝé Sû 12: Caŝéw Nûŝ n Vénam an Tanzana . . . . . .203 Caŝé Sû 13: Poaoéŝ n Njomé: Dŝŝémnaon Woû Exénŝon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204

PART 3AND POLICIES PRACTICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209 Caper 10 Purcased Cemîcals, Genetîcally Modîied Seeds – and te Alternatîves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211 . Caŝé Sû 14: Daa on é ProIa o Organc Farmŝ . . .225 Caper 11Myts and Half-Truts Gender  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230 Caŝé Sû 15: aoûr Aocaon o Womén, Mén an Crén n Tanzana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241 Caper 12 Agrîcultural Polîcîes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245 En gamé: A ŝor qûz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260

ïNDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

Acknowedgemens

Wrng a ook w a roa canvaŝ nvovéŝ ar moré péopé an ŝ aûorŝ. Man o oûr coéagûéŝ maé éaé comménŝ or ŝûggéŝonŝ aŝ é work procééé, oûg proa noné o ém w é énré app w wa aŝ réŝûé. Bén Wŝnér énaé ûŝ o ûŝé maéra rom a éam o réŝéarcérŝ wo worké on é mpac o cmaé cangé n nor-éaŝ Tanzana. hé ïnérnaona Poao Cénré gavé ûŝ pérmŝŝon o ûŝé an éxrac aoû ŝwéé poaoéŝ rom ér wéŝé. Jérém Jonéŝ prové gûancé on rrgaon, généc moIcaon, an maérŝ o cémŝr an oog. Emmanûé Sûé gavé ûŝ avcé on argé ŝcaé an ongŝ. Aréné ïnocénco gavé ûŝ pérmŝŝon o ûŝé aa rom an ïnérnaona Waér Managémén ïnŝûé pûcaon aoû rrgaon. Anna Méé maé  poŝŝé or ûŝ o ûŝé é ŝû o é rrgaon projéc a Dakawa an avŝé ûŝ on organc armng, aŝ  Jané Maro an Aéx Woŝr o Sûŝanaé Agrcûûré Tanzana, n Morogoro. Caérné Njûgûna o ïïTA n Dar éŝ Saaam prové éxpér aŝŝŝancé or é caŝé ŝû o caŝŝava. Jaméŝ Cûrr Pûŝérŝ aowé ûŝ o ûŝé maéra on conrac armng o oacco rom é coéconTanzanîan Deveopmen: A Comparaîve Perspecîveéé  Dav Poŝ. FrÉÉrc Kcér ŝaré ŝ work on Farmér Fé Scooŝ an épé ûŝ ûrn  no é caŝé ŝû o é movaonŝ o ŝma armérŝ. é aŝo wroé é qûz a concûéŝ é ook. hé ïnérnaona aoûr Organŝaon gavé ûŝ pérmŝŝon o ûŝé an éxrac rom a répor  Anréw B on é ûûré o co-opéravéŝ n Tanzana. Dérék Béréé o é Wor Bank n Waŝngon waŝ app or ûŝ o ûŝé é qûoaon rom a Wor Bank répor. Cé Maŝa gavé pérmŝŝon or ûŝ o ûŝé aa on organc

v

armng rom ŝ Maŝér’ŝ ŝŝéraon. Romanûŝ Dmoŝo éncoûragé ûŝ o ûŝé ŝomé o é aa n ŝ PD ŝŝéraon, on é oûrŝ o work ŝpén n é Iéŝ an n coécng waér an Iréwoo. Vcénŝa Sûé avŝé ûŝ on maérŝ connécé w génér. Wé mûŝ ank Proéŝŝor Damén Gaagam or éncoûragng ûŝ o évéop éacng maéra ûŝng oca caŝé ŝûéŝ. Waér an Mkûk Bgoa an rénŝ a Mkûk na Noa épé o gé é ook roûg é pûcaon procéŝŝ aŝ qûck an éfécvé aŝ poŝŝé. Wé aŝo avé a ŝpéca é o oûr copéor, B Grééné, wo épé ûŝ o car wa wé wané o ŝa, an mprové é ŝé an conŝŝénc o é woé ook. Wrng a ook ŝ ŝow an nérvé-wrackng, ŝo wé mûŝ aŝo ank oûr wvéŝ an améŝ or ŝûppor an oéraon ûrng é procéŝŝ. hé ŝamé goéŝ or é man rénŝ – oo man o ŝ ŝéparaé – wo éncoûragé ûŝ o kéép gong an Inŝ é projéc. aŝ û no éaŝ wé coû no avé managé ŝ woû é man Tanzanan armérŝ wé mé ovér é éarŝ, or wo conrûé o é réŝéarc projécŝ a avé ŝé g on wa ŝ nvové w rûra évéopmén n ropca Arca. hŝ ook ŝ or ém, w ankŝ, an or ér crén an grancrén, n opé.

he Auors

Andrew Cousonworké aŝ an économŝ n é Mnŝr o Agrcûûré, Foo an Coopéravéŝ n Dar éŝ Saaam rom 1967 o 1971 an aûg économcŝ an agrcûûra économcŝ a é Unvérŝ o Dar éŝ Saaam rom 1972 o 1976. é aûg a é Unvérŝ o Braor, Engan rom 1976 o 1982, an a Brmngam Unvérŝ rom 1984, wéré é ŝpécaŝé n maérŝ réang o oca govérnmén n é UK. Sncé 2009 é aŝ maé régûar vŝŝ o Tanzana, an pûŝé a rangé o arcéŝ réang o agrcûûré n Tanzana. A ŝécon éon o ŝ ook Tanzanîa: A Poîîca Economypûŝé n 2013. é ŝ cûrrén waŝ Car o é UK ranc o é Bran Tanzana Socé. Yoû can conac Anréw a a.c.coûŝon@am.ac.ûk

Anony Emanŝ an agronomŝ an ŝoco-économŝ. é Irŝ worké n Tanzana rom 1962 o 1970, aŝ managér o é co-opéravé arm a Uppér Kéé, néar Arûŝa, én aŝ pannér an avŝér on ŝmaoér évéopmén n é Mnŝr o anŝ, Séémén an Rûra Dévéopmén, aŝé n Dar éŝ Saaam, û workng n évér régon o é coûnr. é ŝpén é néx wén-Ivé éarŝ ong ŝmar work n Kéna, Ugana, Eopa, Sr anka an man oér coûnréŝ o Arca, Aŝa, Soû PacIc an é Caréan, éoré réûrnng o Tanzana n é m-1990ŝ o éŝaŝ a ŝmaoér éa an oréŝr programmé n é Uŝamara Moûnanŝ. Sncé én é aŝ ûnérakén conŝûancéŝ n Tanzana an éŝéwéré on conŝérvaon agrcûûré, ar raé, an nkng armérŝ o markéŝ, parcûar or é anmaara pan Aremîsîa annua. hréé o é caŝé ŝûéŝ n ŝ voûmé, an man o é propoŝaŝ maé éŝéwéré n é ook, aré aŝé on Anon’ŝ work n Tanzana. Yoû can conac Anon a anonéman25@gma.com