L'éthique abandonnée, professionnalisme médical et abus sur les détenus dans la guerre contre le terrorisme
Description
L'éthique abandonnée, professionnalisme médical et abus sur les détenus dans la guerre contre le terrorisme
Sujets
Informations
| Publié par | Fil_actu |
| Publié le | 04 novembre 2013 |
| Nombre de lectures | 31 |
| Langue | Français |
| Poids de l'ouvrage | 1 Mo |
Extrait
E
thics AbAndonEd: Medical Professionalism and Detainee Abuse in the %War on Terror&
A task force report funded by IMAP/OSF
November 2013
Copyright 2013 Institute on Medicine as a Profession
A eee. t ay p eef may e epue ue ay mae waee wu e epe we pem f e pue eep f e ue f ef qua a eew.
Pe e Ue sae f Amea F P, 2013
institUtE on MEdicinE As A ProFEssion cuma Uey, cee f Pya a sue 630 We 168 see P&s b 11, new Y, nY 10032
www.mapy.
Table of Contents
AboUt iMAP And osF
AcknoWlEdgMEnts
ExEcUtivE sUMMArY
Findings And rEcoMMEndAtions
introdUction
chAPtEr 1:The role of health professionals in abuse of prisoners in U.S. custody
chAPtEr 2:Organizational structures and policies that directed the role of health professionals in detainee abuse
chAPtEr 3:Hunger strikes and force-feeding
chAPtEr 4:Education and training of military physicians on treatment of prisoners
chAPtEr 5:Health professional accountability for acts of torture through state licensing and discipline
tAsk ForcE MEMbEr biogrAPhiEs
APPEndicEs 1. Istanbul Protocol Guidelines for Medical Evaluations of Torture and Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment, Annex 4
2. World Medical Association Declaration of Malta on Hunger Strikes
3. Ethics Statements and Opinions of Professional Associations on Interrogation and Torture
4. Professional Misconduct Complaints Filed
notEs
v
vii
xi
xxxi
1
11
55
83
121
135
157
169
175
181
201
215
About IMAP and OSF
Funding for this report was provided by: thE institUtE on MEdicinE As A ProFEssion (iMAP) am mae mea pfeam a fe a a fe. i pme m u eea a py ae. Fu ey aue uee mea pfeam: pya a e ea ae yem mu e mme (1) aum a pm f pae e ee, (2) effee pya ef-eua, (3) maeae f ea mpeee, a (4) pya eaeme pme pae a ea we-e.
thE oPEn sociEtY FoUndAtions w u a a ea -ee we eme ae auae e ze. W w a mmue me a 100 ue, e ope sey Fua up-p jue a uma , feem f epe, a ae pu ea a eua.
Acknowledgments
tAsk ForcE MEMbErs: s A. Ae, Md, FAcP University of California, Riverside gee J. Aa, Jd, MPh Boston University kae buey, Md Columbia University
ra n. gfe, Jd New York State Assembly
ve iap, Md, Pd Physicians for Human Rights
Ae s. kee, Md New York University
re s. lawee, Md Johns Hopkins University
see h. Me, Md University of Minnesota
Aye nee Open Society Foundations
dea Aejaa Ppw, Jd Harvard University
see ree, Pd Coalition for an Ethical Psychology
he reye, Md, FMh o/gy International Committee of the Red Cross
da J. rma, Pd Columbia University
lea s. ruee, Jd Johns Hopkins University
see s. safe, Md, MPA Sheppard Pratt Health Systems
Ae J. smu, J. U.S. Naval War College
E se University of California, Berkeley
gea E. tm, Md Columbia University
Fee E. tu, Md, MbA, MAcP Emory University
b. ge. (re.) sepe n. xea, Md United States Army
viii |Ethics AbAndonEd
lea ruee a gea tm pe ea eaep e aza f e ta Fe a e eea, w, a eew f ep.
The principal authors and reviewers of chapters and other sections are as follows. Institutional affiliations listed for identification purposes only.
introdUction: da rma, Aye nee reew y see Me, lea ruee, gea tm
chAPtEr1: lea ruee reew y ve iap, see Me, see ree, Ae smu, E se, gea tm, sepe xea
chAPtEr2: lea ruee reew y ve iap, see Me, see ree, Ae smu, E se, gea tm, sepe xea
chAPtEr3: he reye, s Ae, lea ruee, gee Aa reew y see Me, gea tm
chAPtErkae buey, Feea sa ( a ta Fe meme),4: w aae fm da rma reew y lea ruee, see Me
chAPtEr5: dea Ppw, kae n, w u sue (Pa) h, Pja na (n, h, a na ae ta Fe meme) reew y ra gfe, lea ruee
E se ea e ee ep f ey, auay, a ye. Ae Pee, Pd, Uey Pfe f E a naa seuy, naa defee Uey, papae ta Fe u a a ee. Jaa Ma, de, be Pam, Peyaa sae Uey, eewe a pe eee mme af ape f e ep. sa cy, Md, Aae Pfe f Mee, b Uey, eewe ape 3. i a, e ta Fe a e fw ua f eea aae: Feea sa, Wey Aa, kaee Fe, sue (Pa) h, saa humpe, a Pja na. Jaa c ea a ue epfu mme e ee maup. laua se J ee e maup. oe ua w mae uaa u ep w ema aymu.
Acknowledgments | ix
Fu f e pje wa pe y iMAP a e ope sey Fua.
te eew f ay a eay apppae epe ue e ae ape 3 wa pue epae fm he reye, s A. Ae, a gee J. Aa, ^Pya a hue se P: cfa, Mapua, Meaza a Mea E, W Mea Jua 59, . 1 (Feuay 2013) a . 2 (Ap 2013). i ue ee w pem.
Executive Summary
thE 9/11 tErrorist AttAcks e Ue sae eue U.s. e-me-appe a eame a ue f eaee upee f a fma au em.1May a eee-aey pya a e ea pfea, pauay py, eame e e e a ama f a a eame a ue ea f w eae eaa a aa pfea ppe a aw.2 i 2010, e iue Mee a a Pfe (iMAP) a e ope sey Fua ee e ta Fe Pee Mea Pfe-am naa seuy dee cee (ta Fe) eame wa w au e eme f ea pfea f f ue ue, uma, ea eame f eaee U.s. uy a w u ea fm pfea aa a eay ppe u ue, u a a wee ae y e U.s. depame f defee (dd) a e ciA e u. te ta Fe me euay ewee deeme 2009 a Jauay 2012. i meme aue a eewe ape a py ppa f e up e. t ep a e ta Fe aaye, f, a em-mea. te ep ae fma fm uafe, puy aa-ae fma. Wee ap wee e, we e a fma m a u mpae a pea mpa e ue aee, a we a e aue f fue ea. i a few ae, a meme f e ta Fe a pea wee f fa ue, u e w a appa a ee e pu e, e ep ae fma ae y ay f meme ae apay. Aay, eaue f e pfea e ey pay, me meme f e ta Fe may ae a pe-a ae e ep f a u; u ae, we e a fa e u. te ta Fe u eu f a
xii |Ethics AbAndonEd
emmea. Meme aee appe e fa pu, wee, ee we ey aee w eey aeme a emmea.
A e e emy ue ep: We a ume efe a pef aey f mea pee (e.., pya py), ep efe a ua u e ame em. i may f e ume, wee, pef upa efe. i u ae, we ue me ee-a emy, ee ^ea pfea, wee e e ea a efe mee a pfea ee, ^mea pee, w ue a upa e ea fe, u pya, py, eee ue, ue pae, pya aa, pme (U.s. nay Mae-ae ee mea pee), me (U.s. Amy-e-e mea pee), a ea. i ciA ume, ^mea ffe fequey ue. A ue p ep e ciA we-e, a mea ffe a pya,3e ciA offe f Mea seeu (oMs) uee mea upp f ea, w ae ue eeey ep, efe pya aa a mea ffe a we,4ta Fe e aume a a ciA mea ffe e e ea ae a pya ue e ume pefe. oe e e emy: i e e, we efe pepe uy a ^eaee eaue a eme e mm way efe em e mea a ep. te ta Fe eze, wee, a ea- em fm e e f Pee bu ey pe-f-wa au em. by u e em eaee, e ta Fe e ey ee-me f e. te emmea ue e w ^pe a fwa-.
te ta Fe a eeme a a ae y e U.s. eme mmeaey fw 9/11 ue ee ey eeme affe e e f ea pfea ee ee:
1. te eaa a a pa f a ^wa e, ua apue a eae Afaa, Paa, a eewee wee ^uawfu maa w quafy a pe f wa ue e geea ce. Aay, e U.s. depame f Jue appe f ea me eze meay a eaay a u ue ue, uma, ea eame.
2. te dd a ciA eepme f ea meam e e papa f may a eee-aey pya a
py aue ea a ea f ue e. Au e eme f ea pfea uma
Executive Summary | xiii
a aa eaee pee ffeey e may a e ciA, faae a eme ma way, u uem ea pfea aeae eae ppe f pfea e a u u eepea f e ppe.
3. te eey uu ee pe a peae u 2004\ 2005, we eae ume ea eea e pe. seey awe e uawfu a uea ea a meame f eaee pee ufeee y eae ea ppe a
aa f u a we a ea, pfea, a emea mmeay a ea eew.
tee ey eeme, a we a e ta Fe emmea f eme-a e papa f ea pfea eaee ue ue, uma, ea eame, ae ummaze ew a aee ea e y f ep.
The development and use of torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment in U.S. detention centers
te f ue a ue, uma, a ea eame f eaee ae w we umee u eeae dd a ciA ume a -
ea ep, a we a epee ea y jua a uma aza5 . immeaey afe 9/11, e Ue sae ape Afaa a eewee. te eae y e U.s. may, ume eea ue a f a ua ae, wee e Afaa, e a guaam bay a Jauay 2002, a e iaq afe e U.s. a 2003. oe U.s. ape, u a pe f ^eaay e, wee eey afee ue, wee wa w a ue wa ue u ea. te ciA a w ape, appmaey 100 ume, efe a ^-aue eaee, w wee ep ee ciA-u ^a e fae f ea. Wa appee a e e ema a-fe, eep f eaee au epe y e ieaa cmmee f e re c (icrc), a we a Jue depame ea p a a ciA ipe geea ep. te ciA wa a e a uw ee ea f eaee a may fae.
xiv |Ethics AbAndonEd
te puy ae a f ea a U.s. ee fae wa a fma a wu aw e Ue sae efy a p pe-a e e a apue aa e. taa uee f ea ue y e Fbi a e may eewe a ee pe me a wee a f e geea ce a e ce Aa tue a oe cue, iuma dea teame a Pume, eae a e Ue sae, a a pay, u fw. offa a e e ee f e eme ejee ee uee, wee, a a ey eee aa me f ea wee me-um pee feae mme aa. A a eu, am mmeaey afe 9/11, e U.s. eme ape aue me f ea.
Ue sae ae ujee e f eaee ae uy Afaa ae 2001, e ppay a ee fae a baam A bae a kaaa, ea, epue eeme , pya upe- y a, amm wa, eep epa, a , a fe aee a e fm f uma a ea eame.6 Au e ea me ay ue Afaa appea ae ee a , a ey f ea emee a wa ae u fea, aey, epe, e a, a peay -ea eaee ea e eae aa ye fma. bae ey, U.s. ae eepe ew ea me ee au ^ey, epeey a ea.7te oMs umma-ze e appa a ee ^pyay `ae e eaee, ma-mze fee f ueay, a eue emae e w e u eff a a eee.8
thE dEvEloPMEnt oF ciA intErrogAtion MEthods W eay e fm e ciA, e ew ea me wee ee-pe y ea a py fm eque ue e pe-9/11 sua, Ea, reae, Eape (sErE) pam f a U.s. ame ee pee e ee ea a meame f apue. te ea a ea pfea afme a me ue e ue aue me f ea e ue eaee.9 A e ame me, bu ama ffa a e ea uw f a py a wu aa e ue a ue, uma, ea eame mpe y eay a a U.s. ma aw. Eay 2002, e We hue ue eae a e geea ce appy eaee a guaam.
Executive Summary | xv
by e umme f 2002, a ee memaum fm e Jue depame offe f lea cue, ue epe a ciA eque, ame a a -a e e f 10 ^eae me u e ue eay a pa f e e-a pam ee f Au Zuaya, a eae -aue eaee. te memaum ee e ef f eee mea pya pa uffe a mae a peme aa ea me, u- ae-ap (ap a eaee w a a aw m wa e ea), w a eaee epeaey aa a wa, faa
(fy e ea mme), faa ap, ampe feme, wa-a (f a eaee upp we fe aa a wa), e p, eep epa, ue f e, a waea. te Jue depame ae jume fma pe y e ciA a e dd, a a e jume wee fue epeee w e e a sErE a f U.s. ee pee a we a ua w u-e py. te Jue depame memaum ae a ea pfea wee ue e eepme f ^eae ea eque a a ^a mea epe w sErE epeee wu e pee u ea e-a a ^e peue wu e ppe f eeme meay eeay pee eeeam.10deaee au epe y e icrc ae a mea peewe pef pfe wee eeae e eaeewee pee u ciA ea a aay eee.
oe me, e e f mea pee ciA ea epae. i 2003, e oMs afe a f e f ^mea uee f ea a, we eay eae e puy eeae e, ee a py e f e oMs a eae eew a app e ue f eae e-a me. te eew ue ae e pea am f eae ea me a pa m e ue. te oMs ae m u a pp epue ju a e p wee ypema wu e-y e , pp u e efe pemae ea wu u, a e e ue f e p a mamum f 48 u. te oMs uee a ee a e e f mea pee u e-a; ey wu e pee eue e ea wu aue eu pemae am. i e ae f waea, e uee ae eep eua equpme a uppe f a emeey aemy a. te uee ae a a uepe uje mu e e mmeaey a a u ju ew e eae amee y e e-a. te uee fue ae: ^if fa ee ma ea, aee mea ee eque. Ay uje w a eae
xvi |Ethics AbAndonEd
eee f mpme ee a apppae aae f e wae-a, a e pya e ee a u e fue ue f e waea wu c/oMs ua a appa.11 i 2005, e depame f Jue ue a memaum e eay f 14 ea equeepae fm e a e e f 10a wa ae ciA-ee epeee w ea f eaee ewee 2002 a 2005.12te ep a e ffeee fm e 2002 mem-aum, w e sErE ep, ae pauay eea e e 2005 memaum ue au f e me auay ue eaee ae a e empye e sErE a pam. te 2002 memaum ee eep epa a eep pe awae f me a 48 u. if a eaee fe aeep u a me, e wa awaee. te 2005 memaum ee pe f eep epa f up 180 uu ume a a weea u e fwe y 8 u f eep a e epeae. deaee wee ep awae y e a-e a a p, a e e a fee e f, fe y ee- pee a apee a efee w e a p-. te memaum awee a e p pue we f e e. te eaee wee ue. Ame empeaue u eep epa- wee ee, u uy wa ee e 2005 memaum a a epaae a fe ue ea eque a wa ampae y a-e ame empeaue fe a w a 68 eee a a a w a 64 eee.
Wae-u wa ue e 2002 memaum, u e 2005 memaum ee ue eaee w wee ep eme w empeaue a w a 64 eee a ue w wae f 41 59 eee a wa pue fm ae paye fm e. Ae fm p-u eeme mf, u a peue e pu ypema, a aeu a peay eay p y empeaue. Waea, ee y efy 2002, wa mea ue e fee- a ea f mme ea. i e 2005 memaum, waea wa ee a au e ea f w a ay f apa-, away ae, a ea fm apya. oe me f eae ea eewe f e ciA y e depame f Jue 2005 ue (a) e p f , ee, a ea awwa p f pe f me; () a- fa a wa 4\5 fee away w am uee, fe e e wa upp y we, w e eaee peme ep a fee; () ampe feme a ma pae a me ae
Executive Summary | xvii
fe e eaee pafuy f a may a 18 u a ay; () ama a faa ap; (e) fy e ea mme; (f) pu a am-m e eaee aa wa; () a e e aea u que; a () a, w ae e. te depame f Jue pue a f ee eque e ea ue U.s. aw. iea me ue u eewe y e Jue depame f eay ue eae eaee a e fame, - a u e a eaee ea, a a. i a, e ciA mpe f feme a ue e ea ma, e-, eaa, a uffe f eaee. deaee wee a ujee ea a eua a uua uma. te 2005 Jue depame memaum ee eay pupe mea p, uppe y e ciA, am a e eae ea me wu f eee mea pya pa uffe, a efe y e memaum, e eaee. te ta Fe f, wee, a ee wa a ee a epeee eea ue uaae ee p. iee, e oMs uee u ea me ae eef f a- e eee mea eaue ue.
thE U.s. MilitArY And thE introdUction oF ciA MEthods oF intErrogAtion te eu f aue ea me e U.s. may a me ue ue a e ciA eaue f fa ea pp e eque. neeee, ue peue fm e a eaep, y e e f 2002 e may mpemee sErE-ae ea aee a guaam, a ae iaq a Afaa a we. i eay 2002, e dd eae e f f beaa see cu-a team (bsct), w ypay u away e f a py-, a pya (a pya peaz mea ea), a a mea ea ea (a -pya, ame ee\ae ee pe), a paye a ey e eep e sErE-ae ea me. i ae 2002, e f bsct, epye a guaam, emmee e ue f eep a ey epa, epue eeme f e a empeaue, e p, a e eae me (waea wa u-e). te bsct emmea wee ame up e a f mma a aey appe y e seeay f defee. impemea ea neme 2002 u a 54-ay ea f Mamme a-Qaa, w wa aee ae ee a pa f e 9/11 ja up u wa ee ey e Ue sae. te U.s. may epe m f eep u e ue f
xviii |Ethics AbAndonEd
u e, ye, a fe a; ujee m mupe fm f e-ua a eu uma; ue m w wae (u we e wa ae); appe m pafu e p; a efe m w a . A bsct py ue e ea a a bsct pya- wee pa f .13 Au ea ey a e fue eew f ea me eay 2003, e e eee w a eep epa, -a, ey epa, mame w u e, e p, a epa f pa, am e me, wee a ue a guaam. Afe e U.s.-e a f iaq Ma 2003, ee me wee ue ee a we. Au bsct wa eae iaq u afe e Au ga aa e Ap 2004 (w e eep f e ef pe), e ue f ue wa peae. tee eee a eaee a Au ga a eewee iaq wee a ujee aue ey e auze e-a me, u ea a eua aau.14 bsct a ae eee a ee ffa f -feme a wu eae apue , ae epea, fe epeee, a upp epa f eaee aae eee a-e. bsct emmea ue u fa a eea eae we e a a fm f pya peue; e me eaee me a fu u f eep a ay; ep em f a emff-ay ame ^mf emu a ee, ae, maee, a wa-; a e ae e ka. te bsct e e, wee, wa ae eaee ueae u pya eaua a eew f e mea e, a ae ea w ep e ueae a e-ee. Meme f e bsct ae ea aee efe a u ea, u a ea we eae e ae f e ea. Au e e f ea ema afe, ee eee a bsct ue ea eae e ey f ea. oe me, a ue ew, may a ciA pe ape a-uae a ee e fu f py a pya a e ee pe eaee fm am. by 2004, e may a eu efe bsct meme a ^afey ffe w wu pe eaee y ae e ee f am e e em a pee wa e dd efee a ^eaa f y ea. hwee, e may wa muae-uy e bsct meme ae ea ep eaee ueae, amu a pema a e a ema
Executive Summary | xix
effe ay. smay, e ciA oMs uee ae a e e f me-a ffe wa pe eaee fm eee am, ye ey wee e pe-e we ue wa e fe.
MEdicAl cArE For dEtAinEEs i e pe 2002\2004, mea ae f eaee wa a, epeay Afaa a iaq, w e ae maa a mea e, aequae uppe f eame, a a f ay appae aa f ae.15 A guaam, ee wee eay eff aze mea ae, au me a w yea efe uffe p wee eae. t e ta Fe wee, mea pee a guaam p a ae wee ey eae ea upp ae a me ae wee y uae fm . te dd eae a me pa a mae pea aaae. i e uy, a zae my f eeae eaee epee afa w e quay f a ae. May eaee, we-e, mpae au , epeay a e quay f a ae wa mp-me y e f e ee a e a f u a mea pee eaue f e e f e bsct ea. sme eaee ee ae u f eaae fea a e mea fma wu e pae ea. Mee, me mea pae wee y que-ae, u e uepae ue f e a-maaa u mefque, w may ae fa mea e effe. Mea ea ae appea ae ee epeay efe. depe e pya eea f eaee a guaam 2002 a 2003, e-ee y me a 350 a f ef-am a e yea, aaae mea e w ffa a ea f e umae aue f e eaee uffe. dae f p-auma e e wee mae y epee mea eaua aae y awye f eaee. i ae wee e e ewee aue pae a pya eea- wa ef-ee, u a e ue f a ea eee aey,
epe, py, a ae e auy ae e um-ae f feme. i iaq a Afaa, eee w a a mea pee wee ae fm ea a a guaam; ey eae a-u ape f ea a we a e euy fu. Pya epey me ea a pya e ff ea- pa eep epa. A a uey eeae 2005 y e Amy sue geea, iaq 10 pee f mea pee, w
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