Les inégalités des sexes dans le monde en 2015

World Economic Forum

Description

Le Forum Economique Mondial a publié ce jeudi 19 novembre 2015 un rapport sur les inégalités des sexes dans le monde entier en 2015.

Informations

• Publié par: Fil_feminin
• Publié le: 19 novembre 2015
• Nombre de lectures: 5
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 35 Mo

Extrait

Insight Report

The Global Gender Gap Report 2015

10th Anniversary Edition

Insight Report

The Global Gender Gap Report 2015

10th Anniversary Edition

TheGlobal Gender Gap Report 2015is published by the World Economic Forum.

AT THE WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM Professor Klaus Schwab Founder and Executive Chairman Richard Samans Head of the Centre for the Global Agenda, Member of the Managing Board Saadia Zahidi Head of Employment and Gender Initiatives, Member of the Executive Committee Yasmina Bekhouche Project Lead, Gender Parity Initiative Paulina Padilla Ugarte Specialist, Employment and Gender Initiatives Vesselina Ratcheva Data Analyst, Employment and Gender Parity Initiatives

AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY Professor Ricardo Hausmann Director of the Center for International Development (CID) and Professor of the Practice of Economic Development at the Harvard Kennedy School.

AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY Professor Laura D’Andrea Tyson Director of the Institute for Business and Social Impact at the Haas School of Business and the chair of the Board of Trustees of the Blum Center for Developing Economies

We are very grateful for the support of Valentina Stoevska, Rosina Gammarano, Kristen Sobeck, and Marie-Claire Sodergren at the ILO; Said Voffal, Amélie Gagnon, Friedrich Huebler, and Chiao-Ling Chien at UNESCO; Kareen Jabre at the IPU; Ann-Beth Moller, Retno Wahyu Mahanani and Jessica Chi Ying Ho at the WHO; Nathalie Delmas at the ITU; Chris Clarke at OECD and Till Leopold, Valerie Peyre, Kristin Keveloh, and Lena Woodward at the World Economic Forum.

A special thank you to Michael Fisher for his excellent copyediting work and Neil Weinberg for his superb graphic design and layout. We greatly appreciate, too, the efforts of graphic design agency Graphéine, which created the cover.

Thank you to Kamal Kamaoui and the World Economic Forum’s Publications team for their invaluable collaboration on the production of this report.

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92-95044-41-X 978-92-95044-41-8

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TERMS OF USE AND DISCLAIMER TheGlobal Gender Gap Report 2015(herein: “Report”) presents information and data that were compiled and/or collected by the World Economic Forum (all information and data referred herein as “Data”). Data in thisReportis subject to change without notice.

The termscountryandnationas used in this report do not in all cases refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice. The term covers well-defined, geographically self-contained economic areas that may not be states but for which statistical data are maintained on a separate and independent basis.

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Contents

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Preface Klaus Schwab, World Economic Forum

PART 1: MEASURING THE GLOBAL GENDER GAP

The Global Gender Gap Index 2015

Appendix A: Regional and Income Group Classifications, 2015

AppendixB:SpreadofMinimumandMaximumValuesbyIndicator,2015

Appendix C: Rankings by Indicator, 2015

PART 2: COUNTRY PROFILES

List of Countries

User’s Guide: How Country Profiles Work

Country Profiles

Contributors

Acknowledgements

The Global Gender Gap Report 2015 |iii

Preface

KLAUS SCHWAB Founder and Executive Chairman, World Economic Forum

People and their talents are among the core drivers of sustainable, long-term economic growth. If half of these talents are underdeveloped or underutilized, growth and sustainability will be compromised. Moreover, there is a compelling and fundamental values case for empowering women: women represent one half of the global population—they deserve equal access to health, education, earning power and political representation. The current inequalities risk being exacerbated in the future. The Fourth Industrial Revolution will transform the global economy and society in an unprecedented manner. Industries are already undergoing profound shifts in their business models as technology is disrupting current methods of production, consumption and delivery. Labour markets are also rapidly changing in this context. As a result, gender gaps are set to increase in some industries as jobs traditionally held by women become obsolete, while at the same time opportunities are emerging in wholly new domains. We must clearly understand the progress thus far as well as the future outlook to reap the opportunities and mitigate the challenges presented by these trends. Through theGlobal Gender Gap Report,the World Economic Forum quantifies the magnitude of gender- based disparities and tracks their progress over time. While no single measure can capture the complete situation, the Global Gender Gap Index presented in thisReportseeks to measure one important aspect of gender equality: the relative gaps between women and men across four key areas: health, education, economy and politics. The Index points to potential role models by revealing those countries that—within their region or income group—are leaders in distributing resources more equitably between women and men, regardless of the overall level of available resources. The Global Gender Gap Index was developed in 2006, partially to address the need for a consistent and comprehensive measure for gender equality that can track a country’s progress over time. In some countries, progress is occurring rapidly regardless of starting point and income level, but in others, change is much slower or negligible. A decade of data has revealed that the Economic Participation and Opportunity gender gap has been closed by 59%, with slow improvements of 3% over the past ten years. In Educational Attainment, the gender gap has decreased compared to 2006 and now stands at 95%. Health and Survival is the subindex that is closest to

parity, at 96%, but the gap has widened slightly compared to 2006. While the most relative improvement over the last decade has been made in Political Empowerment, the gender gap in this area remains the widest, with only 23% being closed. The magnitude of national gender gaps is the combined result of various socioeconomic, policy and cultural variables. Governments thus have a leading role to play as the closure or continuation of these gaps is intrinsically connected to the framework of national policies in place. The Index does not seek to set priorities for countries but rather to provide a comprehensive set of data and a clear method for tracking gaps on critical indicators so that countries may set priorities within their own economic, political and cultural contexts. In addition, governments must align their efforts with those of business and civil society to foster growth that includes both men and women. The World Economic Forum’s Global Challenge on Gender Parity seeks to promote public-private cooperation to close gender gaps, based in part on the analytical tools provided by thisReportas well as others. We would like to express our appreciation to Yasmina Bekhouche, Project Lead, Gender Parity Initiative; Paulina Padilla Ugarte, Specialist, Employment and Gender Parity Initiatives; Vesselina Ratcheva, Data Analyst, Employment and Gender Parity Initiatives; and Saadia Zahidi, Head of Employment and Gender Initiatives, for their dedication to thisReport.We would also like to thank Lena Woodward, Valerie Peyre, Kristin Keveloh and Till Leopold for their support at the World Economic Forum. We are grateful for the ongoing support of Ricardo Hausmann, Director, Center for International Development, Harvard University, and Laura D. Tyson, Director of the Institute for Business and Social Impact at the Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley, and the chair of the Board of Trustees of the Blum Center for Developing Economies. Finally, we welcome the untiring support of the Partners of the Global Challenge on Gender Parity and their commitment to closing gender gaps It is our hope that this latest edition of theReportwill serve as a call to action to spur change on an issue that is central to our future. Ultimately, it is through each individual adapting his or her beliefs and actions that change can occur. We call upon every reader of thisReportto join these efforts.

The Global Gender Gap Report 2015 |v

Part 1 Measuring the Global Gender Gap