A SYNOPSIS OF THE FRULLANIACEAE (MARCHANTIOPHYTA) FROM COLOMBIA (Sinopsis de la familia Frullaniaceae (Marchantiophyta) para Colombia)

Robbert Gradstein

Description

Abstract
Frullania (Frullaniaceae) is the second-largest liverwort genus of Colombia (after Plagiochila), with 59 recorded species in six subgenera. In this paper keys are provided for the identification of 42 Frullania species reported from Colombia together with brief descriptions of their main morphological characters, distribution, habitat and elevation in the country, as well as worldwide distribution. Some species recorded from neighbouring countries, but not yet from Colombia, are also included in the keys. The remaining species reported from Colombia are considered doubtful taxa. Frullania apollinarii Steph. is a new synonym of F. lobato-hastata Steph.
Resumen
Frullania (Frullaniaceae) es el segundo género en número de especies de Colombia (después de Plagiochila), con 59 especies en seis subgéneros. En este artículo se proveen claves para la identificación de 42 especies de Frullania registradas para Colombia, además se incluyen breves descripciones de los caracteres morfológicos diagnósticos, distribución, hábitat y gradiente altitudinal en el país, así como la distribución mundial. Algunas especies registradas de países vecinos, pero aún no registradas para Colombia son incluidas en la clave. Las demás especies registradas para Colombia se consideran taxones dudosos. Frullania apollinari Steph. es un nuevo sinónimo de F. lobato-hastata Steph.

Sujets

• Colombia
• Frullania
• Marchantiophyta
• Hepaticas

Informations

• Publié par: erevistas
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2011
• Nombre de lectures: 65
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 6 Mo

Extrait

botánica-sistemática
http://www.icn.unal.edu.co/ Caldasia 33(2):367-396. 201Gradstein & Uribe 1
A synopsis of the frullAniAceAe
(MArchAntiophyt A) froM coloMbiA
sinopsis de la familia frullaniaceae (Marchantiophyta) para
colombia
RobbeRt GRadstein
Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Dept. Systématique et Evolution, UMS 7205, Case
Postale 39, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France.
Jaime URibe-m.
Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia,
Apartado 7495, Bogotá D.C., Colombia. [e-mail]
AbstrAct
Frullania (Frullaniaceae) is the second-largest liverwort genus of Colombia (after
Plagiochila), with 59 recorded species in six subgenera. In this paper keys are provided
for the identifcation of 42 Frullania species reported from Colombia together with
brief descriptions of their main morphological characters, distribution, habitat and
elevation in the country, as well as worldwide distribution. Some species recorded
from neighbouring countries, but not yet from Colombia, are also included in the
keys. The remaining species reported from Colombia are considered doubtful taxa.
Frullania apollinarii Steph. is a new synonym of F. lobato-hastata Steph.
Key words. Colombia, elevational distribution, Frullania, identifcation keys,
liverworts, Marchantiophyta, world distribution-
resuMen
Frullania (Frullaniaceae) es el segundo género en número de especies de Colombia
(después de Plagiochila), con 59 especies en seis subgéneros. En este artículo se
proveen claves para la identifcación de 42 especies de Frullania registradas para
Colombia, además se incluyen breves descripciones de los caracteres morfológicos
diagnósticos, distribución, hábitat y gradiente altitudinal en el país, así como la
distribución mundial. Algunas especies registradas de países vecinos, pero aún no
registradas para Colombia son incluidas en la clave. Las demás especies registradas
para Colombia se consideran taxones dudosos. Frullania apollinari Steph. es un
nuevo sinónimo de F. lobato-hastata Steph.
palabras clave. Colombia, distribución altitudinal, Frullania, claves de
identifcación, hepáticas, Marchantiophyta, distribución mundial.
introDuction et al., 2001, with updates). In Colombia,
Frullania is the second-largest liverwort
The liverwort family Frullaniaceae consists genus (after Plagiochila) with 59 species.
of two genera, Frullania with about 300- The first records from Colombia were
350 species worldwide and Neohattoria by Alexander von Humboldt and Aimée
with one species in eastern Asia (Gradstein Bonpland who collected Frullania atrata
367Frullaniaceae from Colombia
(Sw.) Nees (as Jungermannia atrata Sw.) and peruviana; Uribe, 2008) and F. mucronata
F. riojaneirensis Raddi (as Jungermannia (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Lehm. & Lindenb. (= F.
obscura Sw.) between Popayán and brasiliensis; Uribe & Gradstein, 2003).
Almaguer, Dept. Cauca (Kunth, 1822).
Gottsche (1864) reported 17 species from In this paper, keys are provided for the
various localities based on specimens identification of 42 species of Frullania
collected by Alexander Lindig and by José from Colombia which we have been able
Jeronimo Triana. The majority of these to recognize with certainty. A few well-
early collections from Colombia have not defned species known from neighbouring
been re-examined critically; those studied countries but not yet from Colombia are also
by Gottsche were presumably destroyed in included in the keys. For each species from
1944 with the bombing of the herbarium of Colombia a brief characterization is given of
Berlin. A further 30+ species were reported its distribution, habitat and elevation in the
as new to Colombia by Jack & Stephani country, its world distribution, as well the
(1892), Stephani (1901-1905), Herzog (1942, main diagnostic morphological characters
1955), Bonner (1965), Robinson (1967) and separating the species from related ones. The
others. Stotler (1969) in his revision of the remaining species recorded from Colombia
neotropical species of Frullania subgenus are little known taxa that need more study and
Thyopsiella Spruce (as subg. “Frullania”) may turn out to be synonyms; they are listed
accepted 10 species for Colombia and under “Doubtful taxa” or mentioned briefy in
reduced several others to synonymy. Yuzawa the discussions under the species.
(1991) in his world monograph of subgenus
Chonanthelia Spruce recorded 19 species The species are keyed according to the six
from Colombia. subgenera to which they are traditionally
assigned (Spruce, 1884; Uribe, 2008):
The frst edition catalogue of the liverworts subg. Chonanthelia with 17 species from
and hornworts of Colombia by Gradstein Colombia, subg. Diastaloba with 2 species,
& Hekking (1979) listed 58 species of subg. Frullania (= Trachycolea) with 1
Frullania for the country. This number has species, subg. Homotropantha with 1 species,
remained almost unaltered in subsequent subg. Meteoriopsis with 4 species and
editions (Uribe & Gradstein, 1998; Gradstein subg. Thyopsiella with 17 species. A frst
& Uribe, in press) in spite of intensive morphological-phylogenetic analysis of the
recent collecting activities and discovery of genus Frullania (Uribe, 2008) recovered
species new to the country, such as F. kunzei four of these subgenera as monophyletic s.l.
(Pinzón et al., 2003) and F. dulimensis Uribe (incl. paraphyly; Hörandl & Stuessy, 2010):
(Uribe, 2006). Thus, the second edition subg. Frullania, subg. Homotropantha, subg.
of the catalogue lists 58 species (Uribe & Meteoriopsis and subg. Thyopsiella. The
Gradstein, 1998) and the third edition 59 subgenera Chonanthelia and Diastaloba,
species (Gradstein & Uribe, in press). The however, proved to be polyphyletic. Hentschel
lack of increase in the number of species is et al. (2009) in a molecular-phylogenetic
explained by the reduction of various species study based on a broader sampling confrmed
to synonymy, thus counterbalancing the new the polyphyly of subg. Diastaloba and
foristic records. Examples of recent new the monophyly of subg. Frullania and
synonymy include F. atrosanguinea Tayl. subg. Homotropantha; in addition, subg.
(= F. peruviana; Uribe, 2008), F. crinoidea Chonanthelia turned out to be monophyletic
Spruce ex Steph. (= F. atrata; Uribe & in the latter study. Subgenus Thyopsiella,
Gradstein, 2003), F. mathanii Steph. (= F. however, was recovered as two poorly
368Gradstein & Uribe
supported clades, a “temperate” clade cuencensis, dusenii, ecuadorensis, gibbosa,
containing the type of subg. Thyopsiella intumenscens, kunzei, macrocephala,
(F. tamarisci) and a few other species, montagnei, pittieri, setigera
and a “tropical” clade which included the Andes, sometimes extending to c entral
majority of the Thyopsiella species and the America and Mexico: grandifolia, laxifora,
type of subg. Meteoriopsis (F. peruviana). paradoxa, peruviana, pluricarinata,
Accordingly, the temperate clade was called sphaerocephala, standaertii, tetraptera,
subg. Thyopsiella and the tropical clade was tunguraguana, winteri
called subg. Meteoriopsis. In the present
treatment, however, we have retained the t able 1. Number of Frullania species recorded
six subgenera of neotropical Frullania from the Departments of Colombia.
as traditionally circumscribed. The new Department # Frullania species
defntions of Thyopsiella and Meteoriopsis
Amazonas 3
proposed by Hentschel et al. (2009) must be
Antioquia 10
considered premature due to the lack of robust
Arauca 0support for the two clades and the very limited
Atlántico 0sampling of the subgenus Meteoriopsis. A
Bolívar 0reclassifcation of the polyphyletic subgenus
Boyacá 21Diastaloba, fnally, should await the urgently
Caldas 4needed systematic revision of this group,
Caquetá 0especially of the neotropical species which
Casanare 6have not been studied critically.
Cauca 11
Distribution p Atterns Cesar 8
Chocó 8
About half of the species of Frullania Córdoba 0
recorded from Colombia (22) have very wide Cundinamarca 26
geographical ranges and occur throughout Guainía 0
tropical America, from Mexico to southern Guaviare 0
Brazil (see below). Six of them also occur
Huila 7
in the Old World tropics and are pantropical
La Guajira 0
species. The remaining species (20) are
Magdalena 10largely restricted to the Andes; some of these
Meta 5extend to the mountains of Central America
Nariño 4and Mexico and one species (F. standaertii)
Norte de Santander 2occurs also in East Africa. Eight Andean
Putumayo 2species occur only in the northern Andes, from
Quindío 13northern Peru to Venezuela (sometimes also in
Risaralda 19Costa Rica) and two species (F. bogotensis, F.
S a n A n d r é s y dulimensis) are only known from Colombia. 0
ProvidenciaThe geographical distribution patterns of
Santander 17
the Colombian species of Frullania are as
Sucre 0
follows:
Tolima 15pantropical