AN EC-FUNDED PROJECT ON CHARACTERISATION OF GENETIC VARIATION IN THE EUROPEAN PIG. OBJECTIVES, ORGANISATION, BREED SAMPLING, DNA PREPARATION AND CIRCULATION(UN PROJET FINANCÉ PAR LA COMMUNAUTÉ EUROPÉENNE SUR LA CARACTÉRISATION DE LA VARIATION GÉNÉTIQUE DU PORC EUROPÉEN. OBJECTIFS, ORGANISATION, ÉCHANTILLONNAGE DES RACES, PRÉPARATION ET CIRCULATION DE L'ADN)

Ollivier L.

Description

Abstract
The overall objective of the project (PigBioDiv) was to demonstrate the applicability of molecular biology tools for evaluating pig genetic diversity. Use was made of two marker technologies, namely microsatellites and arbitrary amplification of fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Altogether, including this project (PigBioDiv) and a previous pilot project (PiGMaP), s eventeen European teams and an international organisation (FAO) contributed to the work. This paper outlines the various tasks which were shared among the participants and particularly the sampling scheme and the subsequent circulation of the DNA samples among the partners. DNA was extracted from about 50 pigs from each population. The populations considered included 69 European domestic breeds (or lines) and, in addition, the Chinese Meishan breed and a sample of European wild pigs. The European populations sampled belonged to 3 categories, namely local breeds, national varieties of international breeds and commercial lines mostly derived from the previous category. Difficulties were met during the project, particularly in sampling rare breeds under extensive conditions. The number of individuals and the diversity of origin recommended could not be reached in a few local breeds. Although the problems encountered significantly compromised the work plan initially intended, it was possible to complete all tasks that were proposed. The project has demonstrated how effectively commercial and public sector entities can work together. Guidelines have been developed in the project in view of more efficient international implementations of the approach.
Résumé
Le projet PigBioDiv se donnait comme objectif de démontrer les possibilités d'application des outils de biologie moléculaire à l'évaluation de la diversité génétique du porc. Deux technologies de marquage ont été utilisées, à savoir les microsatellites et l'amplification arbitraire de polymorphisme de longueur de fragment (AFLP). En tout, si on regroupe ce projet (PigBioDiv) et un projet-pilote précédent (PiGMaP), dix sept équipes européennes et une organisation internationale (FAO) ont participé aux travaux. Cet article décrit la répartition des différentes tâches et notamment le protocole d'échantillonnage et la circulation des échantillons d'ADN entre les participants. Les populations considérées incluaient 69 races (ou lignées) européennes domestiques, auxquelles s'ajoutaient la race chinoise Meishan, et un échantillon de sanglier européen. Les populations européennes échantillonnées appartenaient à 3 catégories, à savoir des races locales, des variétés nationales de races internationales et des lignées commerciales dérivées en majorité de la catégorie précédente. Des difficultés sont apparues au cours du projet, particulièrement dans l'échantillonnage des races à petit effectif dans des conditions d'élevage extensif. Le nombre d'individus par race et la diversité des origines n'atteignaient pas le niveau recommandé dans quelques races locales. En dépit des problèmes rencontrés, qui ont compromis de manière significative le plan de travail initial, toutes les tâches prévues furent menées à bien. Le projet a montré comment des organismes du secteur public et du secteur privé peuvent travailler ensemble très efficacement. Des recommandations ont été établies durant le projet en vue de mettre en oeuvre plus efficacement des projets internationaux similaires.

Sujets

• Genetic diversity
• Sampling
• Genetic marker
• Porc
• Race
• Diversité génétique
• Échantillonnage
• Marqueur génétique

Informations

• Publié par: erevistas
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2003
• Nombre de lectures: 17
• Langue: English

Extrait

AN EC FUNDED PROJECT ON CHARACTERISATION OF GENETIC
VARIATION IN THE EUROPEAN PIG.
OBJECTIVES, ORGANISATION, BREED SAMPLING, DNA
PREPARATION AND CIRCULATION
UN PROJET FINANCÉ PAR LA COMMUNAUTÉ EUROPÉENNE SUR LA
CARACTÉRISATION DE LA VARIATION GÉNÉTIQUE DU PORC EUROPÉEN.
OBJECTIFS, ORGANISATION, ÉCHANTILLONNAGE DES RACES, PRÉPARATION ET
CIRCULATION DE L'ADN
1 2 2Ollivier, L., Y. Amigues and M. Y. Boscher
1Station de Génétique quantitative et appliquée. INRA 78352 Jouy en Josas cedex. France.
2Labogena. 78352 Jouy en Josas cedex. France.
MOTS CLÉ ADDITIONNELSADDITIONAL KEYWORDS
Porc. Race. Diversité génétique. Échantillonnage.Pig. Breed. Genetic diversity. Sampling. Genetic
Marqueur génétique.marker.
SUMMARY
The overall objective of the project (PigBioDiv) and commercial lines mostly derived from the
was to demonstrate the applicability of molecular previous category. Difficulties were met during
biology tools for evaluating pig genetic diversity. the project, particularly in sampling rare breeds
Use was made of two marker technologies, under extensive conditions. The number of
namely microsatellites and arbitrary amplifi individuals and the diversity of origin recommen
cation of fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). ded could not be reached in a few local breeds.
Altogether, including this project (PigBioDiv) and Although the problems encountered significantly
a previous pilot project (PiGMaP), seventeen compromised the work plan initially intended, it
European teams and an international organisa was possible to complete all tasks that were
tion (FAO) contributed to the work. This paper proposed. The project has demonstrated how
outlines the various tasks which were shared effectively commercial and public sector entities
among the participants and particularly the can work together. Guidelines have been
sampling scheme and the subsequent circulation developed in the project in view of more efficient
of the DNA samples among the partners. DNA international implementations of the approach.
was extracted from about 50 pigs from each
population. The populations considered included
69 European domestic breeds (or lines) and, in RÉSUMÉ
addition, the Chinese Meishan breed and a sample
of European wild pigs. The European populations Le projet PigBioDiv se donnait comme objectif
sampled belonged to 3 categories, namely local de démontrer les possibilités d'application des
breeds, national varieties of international breeds outils de biologie moléculaire à l'évaluation de la
Arch. Zootec. 52: 137 144. 2003.OLLIVIER, AMIGUES AND BOSCHER
diversité génétique du porc. Deux technologies changes in consumers needs. With this
de marquage ont été utilisées, à savoir les aim in mind, a project was launched by
microsatellites et l'amplification arbitraire de the European Commission (EC) in 1998,
polymorphisme de longueur de fragment (AFLP). entitled Characterisation of genetic
En tout, si on regroupe ce projet (PigBioDiv) et unvariation in the European pig to
projet pilote précédent (PiGMaP), dix sept facilitate the maintenance and
équipes européennes et une organisation exploitation of biodiversity (in brief
internationale (FAO) ont participé aux travaux. PigBioDiv).
Cet article décrit la répartition des différentes The intention was to evaluate and
tâches et notamment le protocole d'échanti quantify as accurately as possible the
llonnage et la circulation des échantillons d'ADN contribution of a large and diverse
entre les participants. Les populations consi sample of European pig breeds to the
dérées incluaient 69 races (ou lignées) euro genetic diversity of this species. The
péennes domestiques, auxquelles s'ajoutaient la purpose of this paper is to give a gene
race chinoise Meishan, et un échantillon de ral presentation of the project, its
sanglier européen. Les populations européennes objectives and an outline of its
échantillonnées appartenaient à 3 catégories, à
organisation, with a description of the
savoir des races locales, des variétés nationales
populations sampled and of the
de races internationales et des lignées
biological material collected and stored.
commerciales dérivées en majorité de la catégorie
précédente. Des difficultés sont apparues au
cours du projet, particulièrement dans l'échan
THE OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
tillonnage des races à petit effectif dans des
conditions d'élevage extensif. Le nombre
The main objective of the project
d'individus par race et la diversité des origines
was to demonstrate the benefits of an
n'atteignaient pas le niveau recommandé dans
evaluation of genetic diversity in the
quelques races locales. En dépit des problèmes
European pig, considering both
rencontrés, qui ont compromis de manière
commercial populations and local
significative le plan de travail initial, toutes les
breeds, in order to enhance utilisation
tâches prévues furent menées à bien. Le projet
of the biodiversity of this species and
a montré comment des organismes du secteur
its preservation for future generations.public et du secteur privé peuvent travailler
By using the results of previous EC ensemble très efficacement. Des recomman
funded programmes, such as PiGMaPdations ont été établies durant le projet en vue de
(1991 1996), the project also intendedmettre en œuvre plus efficacement des projets
to ensure that European leadershipinternationaux similaires.
would be maintained in an area of rapid
development, so that European pig
INTRODUCTION breeders would consolidate their world
lead position. A significant benefit of
The critical evaluation of livestock the project was therefore its strong
genetic resources and conservation of technology transfer element, as
key populations are important for manifested in particular by the setting
enabling the European agriculture and up of databases available on the
food industries to respond to future Internet and direct involvement of end
Archivos de zootecnia vol. 52, núm. 198, p. 138.OBJECTIVES AND ORGANISATION OF PIGBIODIV
users active in pig breeding and achieving the objectives previously
conservation. A new EC pig biodiver defined. The diversity of status of the
sity project (PigBioDiv2) was indeed participating teams is to be noted, as
prepared shortly after the completion shown by the following list of
of this one, including Chinese partners,participants:
with the intention of having the 10 Universities: Bologna (Italy),
European experience extended to Chi Copenhagen (Denmark), Cordoba
na (see Blott et al. , 2003, in this Procee (Spain), Ghent (Belgium), Göttingen
dings). (Germany), Hohenheim (Germany),
A biodiversity project should provide Milano (Italy), Uppsala (Sweden), Vila
the reference data necessary to estimate Real (Portugal) and Wageningen (The
within breed genetic variability as well Netherlands);
as genetic distances between breeds 2 Research Institutes: the Roslin
allowing between breed variability to Institute (UK) and INRA (France);
be evaluated. The design of this project 1 Breeders Organisation: Agence
mainly addressed the second issue, de la sélection porcine (Paris, France);
which may be seen as the primary 1 Semi private Laboratory:
focus in the conservation of domestic Labogena (Jouy en Josas, France);
animal diversity (Barker, 2002). This 1 Private Breeding Company: Pig
was achieved by sampling 50 indivi Improvement Company (Abingdon,
duals from each of several different UK);
breeds and lines and determining 1 Non Governmental Organisation:
diversity at DNA level. The project Rare Breeds Survival Trust (Shrews
essentially followed the FAO recom bury, UK);
mendations, as outlined in the MoDAD 1 Inter Governmental Organisation:
report (Barker et al., 1998), putting a Nordic Gene Bank (Aas, Norway);
strong emphasis on the use of standard 1 International Organisation: Food
DNA marker technologies, such as and Agriculture Organisation of the
simple sequence repeat (so called United Nations (Rome, Italy).
microsatellites) and arbitrary amplifi More information on the participants
cation of fragment length polymor in PigBioDiv is given in figure 1 .
phism (AFLP), and using high
throughput genotyping devices. These
ORGANISATION OF THE TASKSaspects will be detailed in the following
WITHIN THE PROJECTchapters of these Proceedings.
Five different tasks were defined
and shared among the participants,THE PARTICIPANTS
namely (i) breed sampling and DNA
Altogether, including this project extraction, (ii) microsatellite genoty
(PigBioDiv) and a previous pilot projectping, (iii) AFLP typing, (iv) Data
(PiGMaP, detailed in Laval et al., analysis (genetic distances, phyloge
2000), eighteen partners were involved netic trees and genetic diversity), (v)
in the various tasks necessary for Database set up and dissemination of
Archivos de zootecnia vol. 52, núm. 198, p. 139.OLLIVIER, AMIGUES AND BOSCHER
I BREED SAMPL