GROWTH, NUTRIENT RETENTION, HAEMATOLOGY AND SERUM CHEMISTRY OF PULLET CHICKS FED SHEABUTTER CAKE IN THE HUMID TROPICS (CRECIMIENTO, RETENCIÓN DE NUTRIENTES, HEMATOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA SÉRICA EN POLLOS ALIMENTADOS CON TORTA DE BUTYROSPERMUM PARADOXUM EN LOS TRÓPICOS HÚMEDOS)

Gustavo

Description

Abstract
The potential of sheabutter cake (SBC) at 0, 100 and 200 g/kg diet, as alternative protein and energy source was investigated in chicks. With 200 gkg-1, SBC depressed the growth of pullet chicks (p<0.05) and feed/gain ratio, also decreased the digestibility of crude fibre. Packed cell volume and red blood cell count increased while white blood cell count decreased (p<0.05) as the SBC inclusion increased to 200 gkg-1.
However, SBC supplementation had no effect on
the serum metabolites of the chicks.
Resumen
Se estudia el potencial de la torta de Butyrospermum paradoxum como fuente alternativa de energía y proteína empleada en pollos a niveles de 0, 100 y 200g/kg. A 200 g/kg empeoró el crecimiento (p<0,05), índice de conversión y digestibilidad de la fibra bruta. El volumen celular y número de hematies aumentaron pero disminuyeron los leucocitos (p<0,05). Los metabolitos séricos de los pollos no fueron afectados.

Sujets

• Vitellaria paradoxa

Informations

• Publié par: erevistas
• Publié le: 01 janvier 1999
• Nombre de lectures: 13
• Langue: English

Extrait

NOTA BREVE
GROWTH, NUTRIENT RETENTION, HAEMATOLOGY
AND SERUM CHEMISTRY OF PULLET CHICKS FED SHEABUTTER
CAKE IN THE HUMID TROPICS
CRECIMIENTO, RETENCIÓN DE NUTRIENTES, HEMATOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA SÉRICA EN
POLLOS ALIMENTADOS CON TORTA DE BUTYROSPERMUM PARADOXUM
EN LOS TRÓPICOS HÚMEDOS
1 2Olorede, B.R. and O.G. Longe
1Department of Public Health and Animal Production. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Usmanu Danfodiyo
University. P.M.B. 2346. Sokoto. Sokoto State. Nigeria.
2Department of Animal Sciences. University of Ibadan. Ibadan. Nigeria.
ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS PALABRAS CLAVE ADICIONALES
Digestibility. Butyrospermum paradoxum. Digestibilidad. Butyrospermum paradoxum.
SUMMARY
The potential of sheabutter cake (SBC) at 0, yeron los leucocitos (p<0,05). Los metabolitos
100 and 200 g/kg diet, as alternative protein and séricos de los pollos no fueron afectados.
energy source was investigated in chicks. With
1200 gkg , SBC depressed the growth of pullet
chicks (p<0.05) and feed/gain ratio, also INTRODUCTION
decreased the digestibility of crude fibre. Packed
cell volume and red blood cell count increased Sheabutter cake (SBC) a waste
while white blood cell count decreased (p<0.05) product of the indigenous technology
1as the SBC inclusion increased to 200 gkg . for extraction of fat from the seed of
However, SBC supplementation had no effect on sheabutter tree (Butyrospermum
the serum metabolites of the chicks. paradoxum) remain under exploited
judging from the scanty and some what
conflictive information on its utilization
RESUMEN
in livestock species (Morgan and
Trinder, 1980). They indicated that a
Se estudia el potencial de la torta de
maximum of 25 percent and 30 percent
Butyrospermum paradoxum como fuente alter
could be tolerated by the pigs andnativa de energía y proteína empleada en pollos
ruminants. SBC is disposed viaa niveles de 0, 100 y 200g/kg. A 200 g/kg empeoró
incineration and about 500,000 millionsel crecimiento (p<0,05), índice de conversión y
digestibilidad de la fibra bruta. El volumen celular are produced annually in the savanna
y número de hematies aumentaron pero disminu regions of West Africa (Okai and Bonsi,
Arch. Zootec. 49: 441 444.1999.OLOREDE AND LONGE
1989). This work investigated the pullet chicks per treatment. Haema
nutritional value of SBC in pullet chickstological specimens were collected in
on growth, nutrient retention, haema EDTA anticoagulant treated bottles
tological and serum biochemical indices. while samples for serum chemistry
were collected without anticoagulant.
Packed cell volume (PCV), red blood
MATERIAL AND METHDOS cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC)
and haemoglobin were determined
The SBC was obtained from local using Wintrobe's microhaematocrit,
processing factories in Ifelodun Local improved Neubauer haemocytometer
Government Area of Kwara State, and cyanao methaemoglobin method,
Nigeria. The samples were obtained respectively. Serum protein, albumin,
semi dried (55.4 percent dry matter), globulin and urea were analysed using
but were properly sun dried for 4 dayssigma kits, and choloesterol, according
before incorporation into the diets. to Roschlan et al. (1974). Samples of
Three isonitrogenous and isocaloric the diets and excreta were dried in a
rations were formulated (table I) . The forced draught oven at 60°C for 24
control ration diets (1) contain no SBChours and ground in a laboratory
while others (2, 3) were formulated byhammer mill before proximate analysis
1 1substituting 100 gkg and 200gkg of (AOAC, 1990). The data were
maize and groundnut cake with SBC. subjected to analysis of variance
One hundred and twenty day old pullet outlined by Steel and Torrie, (1980).
chicks of the Bovan Nera strain were Treatment means were separated using
divided into 12 groups of ten chicks
each. Four groups were randomly
allocated to each dietary treatment as
Table I. Composition of experimental dietsreplicates. The pullet chicks were
(g/kg). (Composición de las raciones, g/kg).accommodated in floor pens. Routine
management and vaccination proce
Ingredients 1 2 3dures were followed. The diets, in mash
form, and water were provided for the
Sheabutter cake - 100.00 200.00
chicks ad libitum. Records of feed
Wheat offal 119.5 109.5 106.5
consumption and weight gained each
Maize 595.0 515.0 443.0
week were kept on a groups basis. Groundnutcake 190.0 170.0 140.0
Two 28 day old pullet chicks of similar Blood meal 30.0 30.0 30.0
weights were, selected from each Fish meal 30.0 30.0 30.0
replicate (8 chicks per treatment) for Bone meal 20.0 20.0 20,0
Oyster shell 10.0 10.0 10.0the nutrient retention trial. The chicks
Palm oil - 10.0 15.0were housed in the metabolism cages
Salt 3.0 3.0 3.0for a 7 day trial period. Feed were
Premix 2.5 2.5 2.5given ad libitum. Total excreta were
Calculated analysis:
collected daily during the last 3 days of
Crude protein (g/kg) 200.0 200.0 200.0
the metabolic trial. Blood was sampled
ME (MJ/Kg) 11.70 11.70 11.70
terminally from eight overnight fasted
Archivos de zootecnia vol. 49, núm. 187, p. 442.PULLET CHICKS FED SHEABUTTEER CAKE IN THE HUMID TROPICS
were similar (p>0.05) except higher
Table II. Growth and apparent nutrient
red blood cell and lower white blood
retention of pullet chicks fed graded Levels
1cell in chicks fed 200 gkg SBC based
of sheabutter cake. (Crecimiento y retención
diet. For serum metabolites however,
aparente de nutrientes en pollos alimentados con
in view of neither a definite trend nor
diferentes niveles de torta de Butyrospermum
any supportive evidence the differences
paradoxum).
can hardly be assigned any importance.
1SBC gkg 0 100 200
Diets 1 2 2 SEM
DISCUSSION
a ab bGrowth rate* 7.12 6.55 5.09 14.5
The poorer growth rate of pulletApparent retention (percent):
1chicks fed 200 gkg SBC based dietDry matter 75.34 74.07 68.78 5.8
Crude protein 74.54 73.24 66.48 6.1 could be attributable to the lower feed
a a bEither extract 90.3 94.68 87.58 2.0 intake and poor palatability of the
ab a bCrude fibre 26.15 42.99 15.46 13.7
Ash 34.06 43.26 35.77 12.1
abc*g/chicks/day; Means in the same row with a Table III. Haematology and serum chemis
different superscript are different (p<0.05). try of pullet chicks fed graded levels of
Sheabutter cake. (Hematología y química sérica
de pollos alimentados con varios niveles de torta
Duncan's Multiple Range Test (Dun
de Butyrospermum paradoxum).
can, 1955).
1SBCG kg 0 100 200
Diets 1 2 3 SEM
RESULTS
1 ab a bPCV 23.13 22.00 24.00 1.2
1The growth rates of pullet chicks on Hb 7.51 7.29 7.65 0.34
a a bdiets 1 and 2 were comparable (p> RBC/O 6/L 3.69 3.64 4.06 0.24
a b abWBC /0 3/L 21.43 18.34 20.15 1.80.05) but a growth depression (p<0.05)
2 1 Total protein 3.06 2.93 2.98 0.23was recorded for the 200 gkg SBC
2Albumin 0.91 0.85 0.90 0.8group indicating nutritional inferiority
2Globulin 2.15 2.08 2.10 0.19of SBC at higher inclusion (table II).
3Creatinine 0.4 0.35 0.35 0.03
Apparent nutrition retention was lower
3Urea 10.13 10.38 10.33 0.36
1in pullet chicks fed 200 gkg SBC
3Cholesterol 97.13 80.00 88.75 13.73
supplemented diet for ether extract and 4Serum G.P.T. 21.00 22.13 17.63 7.4
crude fibre than the control and 100 4Serum G.O.P. 26.63 25.0 24.25 12.6
1gkg SBC based diet (table II).
abApparent retention for dry matter and Means in the same row with a different
crude protein tended to decrease, albeit superscript are different (p<0.05). PCV, packed
cell volume; Hb, haemoglobin; RBC, red blood cell;insignificantly, with higher levels of
WBC, white blood cell; GPT, glutamate pyruvateSBC supplementation. The haema
transaminase; GOT, glutamate oxaloacetatetological and erythrocytic indices (table
1 2 3 4transaminase. percent; g/dl; mg/dl; IU./l.III) in pullet chicks on the treatments
Archivos de zootecnia vol. 49, núm. 187, p. 443.OLOREDE AND LONGE
ingredient. Adeogun (1989) had earlier of the test ingredients and the very
observed growth depression when SBC efficient utilization of dietary fat
was included more than 5 percent in (Freeman, 1983) by chicken because
broiler chicks diet also Olorede et al. of the low heat increment associated
(1997) reported poor growth rate on with dietary fat metabolism. The
brolier fed 15 percent SBC based diet. reduction in total protein, albumin and
1The trend of dry matter, crude protein,cholesterol on 100 or 200 gkg SBC
crude fibre was similar to the growth indicate inferior quality and or nutrition.
pattern (table II). Chicks apparent This also provides a possible explana
retention of dry matter, crude protein tion for the lower growth rate at 200
1and crude fibre showing a decrease gkg SBC inclusion. Generally, the
along increasing levels of SBC is expli haematological and serum biochemical
cable on the high fibrousness indicate values in this study were within normal
low nutritional quality of the SBC. The ranges for chickens in the humid tropi
implications of fibrous ingredients on cal environments (Onifade, 1993).
the retention of nutrients by broilers Finally, the results suggest that
have been well documented (Onifade,