PIG BIODIVERSITY IN BRAZIL(BIODIVERSIDAD PORCINA EN BRASIL)

Mariante

Description

Abstract
In the present paper the Brazilian pig genetic resources are described. Together with the actions developed by enterprises such as EMBRAPA and EMATER for their conservation and utilization with productive and scientific purposes.
Resumen
En el presente trabajo se describen los recursos genéticos porcinos del Brasil, además de las actuaciones desarrolladas por empresas como EMBRAPA y EMATER para su conservación y utilización con propósitos productivos y científicos.

Sujets

• PIGS
• Characterisation
• Cerdos
• Caracterización

Informations

• Publié par: erevistas
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2003
• Nombre de lectures: 7
• Langue: English

Extrait

POSTER
PIG BIODIVERSITY IN BRAZIL
BIODIVERSIDAD PORCINA EN BRASIL
1 1 1Mariante, A. da S. , S.T.R. Castro, M. do S.M. Albuquerque ,
1 2S.R. Paiva and J.L. Germano
1EMBRAPA Genetic Resources and Biotechnology. Brasília Df. Brasil Sain Parque Rural. P.O. Box 02372.
70849 970 Brasilia. Brazil.
2EMATER DF, Brasília DF. Brazil. BR 251, Km 40, COOPA/DF, CEP: 73301 970. Paranoá DF Brazil.
ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS PALABRAS CLAVE ADICIONALES
Pigs. Genetic resources. Local breeds. Cerdos. Recursos genéticos. Razas locales.
Characterisation. Caracterización.
SUMMARY
and were noted for traits such asIn the present paper the Brazilian pig genetic
resources are described. Together with the actions rusticity, adaptability to poor conditions
developed by enterprises such as EMBRAPA and of management and feeding and great
EMATER for their conservation and utilization resistance to diseases. All these old
with productive and scientific purposes. breeds are considered to be of the fat
type, supplying not only meat, but also
a great amount of lard. In the last
RESUMEN decades, Brazil developed an important
pig industry, with very well developed
En el presente trabajo se describen los re
industrial plants in the Southern region
cursos genéticos porcinos del Brasil, además de
of the country (Mariante and Caval
las actuaciones desarrolladas por empresas
cante, 2000), based specifically on lean
como EMBRAPA y EMATER para su conserva
type pig breeds and the native pig
ción y utilización con propósitos productivos y
breeds are disappearing rapidly. In
científicos.
order to preserve their germplasm for
future utilization and genetic studies,
Embrapa Genetic Resources andINTRODUCTION
Biotechnology, decided to include this
species on its conservation program,The Brazilian native pig breeds
and recently in partnership with Emateroriginated from those breeds introduced
DF conducted a regional survey toby the Portuguese settlers in the XVI
identify the native breeds that can stillcentury. These animals were used by
be found in this region.smallholders, breeding in small farms,
Arch. Zootec. 52: 245 248. 2003.MARIANTE, CASTRO, ALBUQUERQUE, PAIVA AND GERMANO
THE SURVEY cians and producers about the impor
tance of the conservation of these
In order to evaluate the breeds/ breeds.
types of local pigs found in the Federal The work strategy was elaborated
District, EMBRAPA Genetic Resour so that the Emater technicians
ces and Biotechnology and EMATER completed the questionnaires to identify
DF signed an agreement, with the the traits of the types found on the
following objectives: (a) to carry out aproperties visited based on this first
survey of the naturalized pig breeds information, and a second visit was
found in the region; (b) to characterizecarried out to gather more details.
them phenotypically; and (c) to acquire During the second visit, producers were
knowledge and to increase the informed about the importance of the
awareness of the agricultural techni conservation of the breeds threatened
Table I. Standards for local Brazilian pig breeds. (Estándares raciales para las razas porcinas
locales brasileñas).
Standards traits
Breed Coat color Bristles Head profile Ear type
Canastra black fine and uniformly sub concave Iberian
distributed or concave
Canastrao black or red dark, concentrated concave Celtic
on the superior line
Caruncho cream with black, smooth, abundant and concave or Asian or Iberian
red and white or black uniformly distributed sub concave
Mouro gray (from light to smooth and rectilinear or shape between
dark) with a white star uniformly distributed sub concave Celtic and Iberian
between the eyes
Nilo black absent or very thin sub concave Iberian, Bare
or rectilinear and Fine
Piau white cream smooth; rectilinear or Iberian or Asian
with black or red spots uniformly distributed sub concave
Pirapetinga black or brown absent rectilinear Asian
Tatu black small amount sub concave Asian
Source: Castro et al., 2000.
Archivos de zootecnia vol. 52, núm. 198, p. 246.PIG BIODIVERSITY IN BRAZIL
with extinction, the conservation work 119 Piau, 85 Nilo, 15 Pirapetinga, 12
being developed by Embrapa Genetic Caruncho, as well as 454 crossbred
Resources and Biotechnology, and how animals, products of crosses between
these genetic resources could benefit these naturalized types with commercial
them in the future. Even though these breeds. The most frequent type was
animals can still be found in all the Piau followed by the Nilo, while
Federal District, the numbers kept by Pirapetinga and Caruncho were found
each breeder are small and generally in lesser numbers. Table II shows the
they are raised not only for meat but distribution of the diverse breeds/types
also for lard. of pigs found in the federal District.
In an attempt to group the diverse The results of this survey showed
types of local pig breeds, four the following aspects: (a) there are
morphological descriptors have been many types of naturalized pig breeds in
considered: (a) coat color; (b) presence the region of the Federal District; (b)
or absence of bristles; (c) conforma the spread of Piau is greatest, followed
tion; and (d) type of ears. The variations by Nilo; (c) in general, the production
that occur in the conformation and earis used for domestic consumption of
shape are described below. On the meat and, mainly, lard; (d) there exists
basis of this local pig breeds were a great interest on part of the producers
classified in eight basic standards, as to invest in a system focused on the
can be seen in table I. production of green meat whose
Forty four questionnaires, in 14 of demand is increasing in the region, to
the 16 local EMATER DF offices in attend agro tourism and farm hotels;
the Federal District, were applied. On (e) the results stimulated positive
26 properties, 230 animals of the diversereactions on the part of the producers.
types of naturalized pig breeds were This survey is part of the survey that
identified with the following distribution: will be carried out in the whole Brazilian
territory.
Table II. Number and types of naturalized
UTILIZATION OF NATURALIZED PIGbreeds of pigs found in the Federal district
BREEDS ON GENOMIC RESEARCH Brazil. (Número y tipos de razas de cerdos
naturalizadas encontradas en el Distrito Federal
Much research has been carried
Brasil).
out using F crosses between Chinese
2
breeds or European wild pigs withBreed/ Adult Young Total
commercial lines for linkage mapsTypes males females
construction and QTLs detection
Piau 22 50 47 119 (Andersson et al., 1994; Rohrer and
Nilo 24 36 25 85 Keele, 1998). The phenotypic variability
Pirapetinga 01 08 06 15 generated in large families obtained by
Caruncho 01 07 04 12 divergent crosses is a basic requirement
Sub total 48 101 82 231
for QTL detection. Added to the
Cross breds - - - 454
phenotypic variability, in an ideal cross
Archivos de zootecnia vol. 52, núm. 198, p. 247.MARIANTE, CASTRO, ALBUQUERQUE, PAIVA AND GERMANO
the marker loci used should be fixed commercial pig breeds 54 F females
1
for different alleles in the parental lines.and 12 males were chosen in order to
This state is more likely to be attainedobtain F animals. The traits evaluated
2
when a local breed is used in such were: weight at birth, weaning and at
crosses (see below). All the experi 77 and 105 days of age, average daily
ments already carried out in pigs for gain, individual feed conversion from 77
QTL detection have explored the gene to 105 days of age, as well as carcass traits.
tic and phenotypic variability. Genotypic data, for anonymous
Brazilian naturalized pigs breeds markers, and sequence of candidate
have a great potential to be explored, genes have shown allelic differences
especially regarding traits related to between the native boars and the
rusticity, adaptability and disease re commercial sows. Thus this experi
sistance. Despite their lower lean meat mental population presents potential
yield and production efficiency, it has for the identification of new QTLs, as
been proposed that these animals well as confirmation of QTLs detected
provide greater meat quality than lean in other populations. These studies
commercial pigs. Recognizing the po illustrate the usefulness of autochtho
ssibility of using these naturalized nous breeds in the study of physiological
Brazilian breeds for genomic research, and genetic consequences of selection
the Federal University of Viçosa for current commercial objectives, and
(Lopes et al., 2002) decided to set up the Brazilian naturalized pig breeds
an experimental population using F seem to be a new option for genomic
2
crosses between these animals and study in this species.
REFERENCES
Andersson, L., C.S. Haley, H. Ellegren, S.A. Gomide and A.A. Benevenuto, Jr. 2002. Per
Knott, M. Johansson, K. Andersson, L. formance, carcass yield and meat quality
Andersson Eklund, I. Edfors Lilja, M. traits of F crosses between Brazilian native2
thFredholm, I. Hansson, J. Hakansson and K. and commercial pigs for QTL mapping. IN: 7
Lundstrom. Genetic mapping of quantitative World Congress on Genetics applied to
trait