Productivity of goat native, alpine and nubian breeds and their crosses in Venezuela (Productividad de las razas caprinas nativa, alpina, nubia y sus cruces en Venezuela)

Pariacote F.

Description

Abstract
A review is done on productive, growth and reproductive performance of native goat breed - Criollo (CC) -
improved breeds - Alpine (AA) and Nubian (NN) - and their crosses in Venezuela. Milk yield from first (P1) to third lactation (P3), per year of life (YYL), individual birth weight (BW), at weaning (WW), six month weight (W6) yearling weight (YW), fertility (YK), prolificacy (LS) and survival at yearling (YS) were compared. An agregated value (AV) is estimated, weighting milk yield per year of life and the 80% of yearling weight per year of life produced at the end of third lactation by the milk/body weight, price relationship (1:2). Improved breeds are superior for all production traits and Criollo for all reproductive traits, except LS, which is associated to natural selection. Only AA surpasses CC in AV. The superiority of AA and NN breeds tends to decrease as they become older, due mainly to their low reproductive performance.
Resumen
Se revisa la producción, crecimiento y reproducción de la raza caprina criolla (CC) y otras razas selectas Alpina (AA) y Nubiana (NN) y sus cruces en Venezuela. Se comparó el rendimiento lechero por año de vida (YYL) desde la primera (P1) hasta la tercera (P3) lactación, los pesos al nacimiento (BW), al destete (WW), a los seis meses (W6), al año (YW), fertilidad (YK), prolificidad (LS) y supervivencia al año (YS). Un valor agregado (AV) fue estimado pesando la leche por año de vida y el 80% del peso al año por año de vida al final de la tercera lactación por la relación de precios leche/peso corporal (1:2). Las razas mejoradas superan a la Criolla en las características productivas y la criolla es mejor en las características reproductivas excepto LS, lo que está asociado con la selección natural. Sólo AA sobrepasa a CC en AV. Se concluye que la superioridad de las razas AA y NN tiende a disminuir con la edad debido principalmente a su escasa eficacia reproductiva.

Sujets

• Dairy farming
• Growth
• Industria láctea
• Crecimiento (desambiguación)

Informations

• Publié par: erevistas
• Publié le: 01 janvier 1992
• Nombre de lectures: 27

Extrait

PRODUCTIVITY OF NATIVE, ALPINE AND NUBIAN GOAT IN VENEZUELA
PRODUCTIVITY OF GOAT NATIVE, ALPINE AND NUBIAN
BREEDS AND THEIR CROSSES IN VENEZUELA
PRODUCTIVIDAD DE LAS RAZAS CAPRINAS NATIVA, ALPINA, NUBIA Y SUS
CRUCES EN VENEZUELA
Pariacote, F.
Programas de postgrado, Area de Ciencias del Agro y Mar, UNEFM, Apartado 7482, Coro
4101. Venezuela.
Palabras clave adicionalesAdditional keywords
Cabra criolla. Producción de leche. Crecimiento.Criollo goat. Milk production. Growth.
Caracteres reproductivos.Reproductive characteristics.
SUMMARY
otras razas selectas Alpina (AA) y Nubiana (NN)A review is done on productive, growth and
y sus cruces en Venezuela. Se comparó el rendi-reproductive performance of native goat breed
miento lechero por año de vida (YYL) desde la- Criollo (CC) -; improved breeds - Alpine (AA)
primera (P1) hasta la tercera (P3) lactación, losand Nubian (NN) - and their crosses in Venezuela.
pesos al nacimiento (BW), al destete (WW), aMilk yield from first (P1) to third lactation (P3),
los seis meses (W6), al año (YW), fertilidad (YK),per year of life (YYL), individual birth weight
prolificidad (LS) y supervivencia al año (YS). Un(BW), at weaning (WW), six month weight (W6)
valor agregado (AV) fue estimado pesando la le-yearling weight (YW), fertility (YK), prolificacy
che por año de vida y el 80% del peso al año por(LS) and survival at yearling (YS) were compared.
año de vida al final de la tercera lactación por laAn agregated value (AV) is estimated, weighting
relación de precios leche/peso corporal (1:2).milk yield per year of life and the 80% of yearling
Las razas mejoradas superan a la Criolla en lasweight per year of life produced at the end of third
características productivas y la criolla es mejorlactation by the milk/body weight, price
en las características reproductivas excepto LS,relationship (1:2). Improved breeds are superior
lo que está asociado con la selección natural.for all production traits and Criollo for all repro-
Sólo AA sobrepasa a CC en AV. Se concluye queductive traits, except LS, which is associated to
la superioridad de las razas AA y NN tiende anatural selection. Only AA surpasses CC in AV.
disminuir con la edad debido principalmente a suThe superiority of AA and NN breeds tends to
escasa eficacia reproductiva.decrease as they become older, due mainly to
their low reproductive performance.
INTRODUCTION
RESUMEN
The commemoration of the five
Se revisa la producción, crecimiento y centuries of Christopher Columbus
reproducción de la raza caprina criolla (CC) y first arriving to America has motivated
Arch. Zootec. 41 (extra): 555-562. 1992. Archivos de zootecnia, vol. 41, núm. 154 (extra), p. 555.PARIACOTE
reflexions from different points of A total understanding of traits and
view. Regarding to livestock brought identification of productivity influen-
up by Spanish conquerors; most spe- cing factors provides a frame within
cies, though they spreaded abroad which we can take rational decision,
very quickly, remind without an and so minimize stress or select the
significative improvement other than most adaptable breed as convenience
mother nature has done. The purpose may be.
of this paper is to review the genetic
distance in productivity between
native goat and improved, Alpine and PURE BREEDS PERFORMANCE
Nubian breeds, and their crosses in
Venezuela. MILK YIELD PER LACTATION: Per lac-
tation milk yield is one of traits most
directly associated to profit and it re-
COMPARISON CRITERIA minds, in most cases, as a unique cri-
Animal production is the result of
a complexed interaction between ani-
mal x environment, where the environ-
ment can be divided into phisical
environment, that is related to general
climatic condition and cultural envi-
ronment which is concerned with
technological level used as a integrated
part of people, as well as political and
economical constraints. Then, th
production level observed in a given
situation is a funtion of the animal
genetic potential, that is its production
level reached without any stress, and
the resistence animal may have to
environmental stress. Among breeds,
there exist a genetic antagonism bet-
ween production and resistence or
adaptability traits. We can expect that
natural selection will favor adaptabilit
with detriment to productive traits.
It is also assumed that final goal
must tend to maximize profit. This
means that attention should be payed
yield per year of life (YYL). (Valoresto production but also to reproduction
relativos de los rendimientos por año de vidaand adaptability traits, for the effect
(YYL) desde la primera a la tercera lactación enthey have over profit during an
individual productive life span.
yey
Archivos de zootecnia, vol. 41, núm. 154 (extra), p. 556.
Nubiana y cruces)
value from first to third lactation and
Nubian and crossbred relative Figure 1. PRODUCTIVITY OF NATIVE, ALPINE AND NUBIAN GOAT IN VENEZUELA
terion to evaluate genetic groups. A to evaluate the groups, there should
relative value, related to Criollo, is be no doubt about superiority of im-
given in figures 1 and 2 for each proved breeds in relation to Criollo.
group, taken from García (1986) and The relative value within lactation
García et al. (1977). being for Nubian of 1.9, 1.4 and 1.3
The results show that Criollo, op- and for Alpine of 3.1, 2.5 and 2.2
posite to Alpine and Nubian, increases from first to third lactation respective-
stits milk yield substantially from 1 to ly. However, we can observe that, in
rd lactation. The Alpine and Nubian both cases, the distance become less
second lactation shrinkage make evi- as we go from first to third lactation.
dent a genotypic x environment inter- It is necesary to be aware that this
action that can be explained by its comparison is worthwhile if environ-
lesser resistence to second lactation mental conditions are common t
stress. each group. If this does not occur,
Seem this trait as unique criterion part of the observed distance may be
six month (W6) and yearling weightand yield per year of life (YYL).
(YW). ( Valores relativos para el peso al(Rendimiento por año de vida (YYL) de la
nacimiento, al destete, a los seis meses y al añoprimera a la tercera lactación en Alpina y
3o
Archivos de zootecnia, vol. 41, núm. 154 (extra), p. 557.
cruces).en Nubiana y cruces).
ive value from first to third lactationvalue for birth (BW), weaning (WW),
Alpine and crossbred relat- Figure 2. Nubian and crossbred relative Figure 3. PARIACOTE
associated to a better management tion level is subjected to, beside milk
conditions given to improved breeds, yield itself, first kidding age and kid-
as it is usualy the case. Unfortunatl ding interval. Relative value for each
most paper cited here in do not group is given in figures 1 and 2
describe the environmental condition Regarding to this trait, we still can
under which research took place. see superiority of improved breeds in
relation to Criollo, though quite less
MILK YIELD PER YEAR OF LIFE: From in comparison to what it is for milk
an economical point of view, producer yield per lactation. This result suggests
should care about individual milk that Alpine and Nubian superiority,
yield during its productive life span. in relation to Criollo, tends to decrease
In our case, to get the milk yielded per as they become older and may be due
year of life, we divided accumulated to a lower reproductive efficiency. If
milk yield by the age at which third it is the case, such superiority will be
lactation ended. This way the produc- even less if we take into consideration
survival rate.
GROWTH: Growth includes joined
economical important traits, not onl
for the amount of body weight that
can be sold, but also for the efect they
may have over the age at which fe-
males should be incorporated to repro-
ductive and productive programs.
Each group relative value for some of
these traits is ( figures 3 and 4 ) taken
from Castillo et al. (1973a and b) and
Pariacote and Plaza (1990).
Improved breeds superiority for
growth traits goes from 1.3, 1.8, 1.4,
1.4 in Nubian to 1.5, 2.0, 1.7, 1.8 in
Alpine for birth, weaning, six month
and yearling weights, respectively.
Here again it is observed, if we take
out birth weight, a slighly decrease in
superiority as the animal become ol-
der. The difference in relative value
between birth and weaning weight
can be explained, in the first place, b
Alpine and Nubian higher prolificacy,
six month (W6) and yearling weight since we are considering individual
(YW). (Valores relativos para el peso al naci- birth weight. In the second place it
miento (BW), al destete (WW) a los seis meses may be associated to maternal habilit
or management condition what the
yyyy.
Archivos de zootecnia, vol. 41, núm. 154 (extra), p. 558.
(W6) y al año (YW) en Alpina y cruces)
value for birth (BW), weaning (WW),
Alpine and crossbred relative Figure 4. PRODUCTIVITY OF NATIVE, ALPINE AND NUBIAN GOAT IN VENEZUELA
case may be. It also explains why su- which means, beside the animal must
periority decreases as the animal is be ferti