Country report on the Republic of Korea

European Union

Description

Research policy and organisation

Informations

• Publié par: EUROPEAN-UNION
• Nombre de lectures: 16
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

COMMISSION
OF THE EUROPEAN
COMMUNITIES
SCIENCE
RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT
MONITOR - SAST ACTIVITY
STRATEGIC ANALYSIS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
THE NEEDS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR COOPERATION BETWEEN
SELECTED ADVANCED DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND THE
COMMUNITY IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(Sast Project N° 1)
COUNTRY REPORT ON THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA
by
Michael Hobday, Sussex Research Associates Ltd
January 1991
EUR 14141 EN s
MONITOR - SAST ACTIVITY
STRATEGIC ANALYSIS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
THE NEEDS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR COOPERATION BETWEEN
SELECTED ADVANCED DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND THE
COMMUNITY IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(Sast Project N°1)
COUNTRY REPORT ON THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA
by
Michael Hobday, Sussex Research Associates Ltd
January 1991
PARI. EUROP. Biblioih.
CI. Published by the
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
Directorate-General
Telecommunications, Information Industries and Innovation
L-2920 LUXEMBOURG
LEGAL NOTICE
Neither the Commission of the European Communities nor any person acting on behalf
of then is responsible for the use which might be made of the following
information
Catalogue number : CD-NA-14141-EN-C
ECSC - EEC - EAEC, Brussels - Luxembourg, 1992 FOREWORD
This report has been prepared for the Strategic Analysis in Science and Technology Unit
(SASTJ of the Directorate-General for Science, Research and Development of the
Commission of the European Communities. SAST activities are part of the MONITOR
Programme which aims to identify new directions and priorities for Community research and
technological development (RTDJ policy and to help show more clearly the relationship
between RTD policy and other Community policies.
For questions a/ready identified as of interest for the development of Community policy,
SAST projects provide an investigation of the perspectives opened up by science and
technology. SAST projects thus serve as an input to the process of policy formulation. In
the case of the SAST project to which this report contributes, "The needs and possibilities
for cooperation between selected advanced developing countries and the Community in the
field of science and technology'', the context of policy questions includes the evolving
economic relations between the Community and these countries, the interest to the
Community of promoting international cooperation in science and technology with various
types of countries, and the Community's role in European science and technology.
This report is one of a set of country studies carried out for the project. The set comprises
the Republic of Korea, Thai/and, other ASEAN countries, the People's Republic of China,
India, Brazil and Mexico. An overall strategic review will also be available in 1992.
It should be borne in mind in reading the country studies that the fie/dwork on which they
are based was carried out a/most entirely in the country concerned. The points of view of
European industrialists/researchers/policy makers were not explicitly sought for this part of
the project. (They will be sought as part of the work for the overall strategic review.)
SAST presents this report as a stimulus to reflection and debate within the European
Community on the best strategies to adopt towards a group of increasingly important
countries. It must be stressed, however, that the orientation and content of reports
prepared for SAST cannot be taken as indicating the considered opinion of policy advisors
within the Commission services. NOTE
Korea is used in this report as a synonym
for the Republic of Korea TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
INTRODUCTION AND READERS' GUIDE (i-iv)
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (i-v
PART I : STRATEGIC REVIEW : S&T IN KOREA AND POSSIBILITIES
FOR EC COLLABORATION
1.1. THE STATUS OF S&T IN KOREA
1.1.1. Tightening up of international S&T flows 3
1.1.2. The worsening economic environment 4
1.1.3. Technological deepening and diversification
strategies for the 1990s 6
1.1.4. Industrial restructuring: a shift to "flexible conglomeration" 6
1.1.5. Strengths and weakness of a selection of Korean industries 9
1.1.6. The position of small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) 10
1.1.7. S&T in the academic sector 12
1.1.8. Government funded R&D institutes (GFIs) 13
1.1.9. S&T decision making in Korea5
1.2. IMPLICATIONS FOR EUROPEAN-KOREAN COLLABORATION
1.2.1. Barriers to collaboration8
1.2.2. The impasse over EC-Korean S&T co-operation 1
1.2.3. The potential benefits of long-term
"complementary collaboration" in S&T9
1.2.4. Why should Korea collaborate? 21
1.2.5.yd the EC?
1.2.6. Dangers of the "hollow" corporation versus
learning from competitors2
1.2.7. Additional barriers to co-operation3
1.2.8. Measures to improve S&T EC-Korea co-operation 24
1.2.9. The role of "non-threatening" projects5
1.2.10. Korean suggestions for S&T co-operation
1.2.11. Dangers of "missing the boat":
lessons from the case studies 26
1.2.12. High definition television
(HDTV) standards (Annex 4)
1.2.13. Telecommunications (Annex 3i7
1.2.14. Semiconductors (Annex)
1.2.15. General lessons in electronicsPART II : DECISION BASE ANALYSIS
11.1. THE ECONOMY
History: the transformation of the Korean economy 31 1 .1.
1 .2. Economic performance in the 1980s 34
1 .3. The slow down in Korean growth5
1 .4. The Korean "crisis" in context7
1 .5. Foreign (inward) investment trends . . 3
1 .6. Outward investment by Korean conglomerates9
1 .7. Industrial concentration: the Chaebol 41
1 .8. Progress towards economic liberalisation3
1 .9. Trade trends: exports and imports
1 .10 The Korean economy in the international context
.2. THE S&T SYSTEM
11.2.1. S&T PLANNING AND INSTITUTIONS 48
11.2.1.1. The planning mechanism for science and technology 4
11.2.1.2. Government funded R&D institutes (GFIs) 50
11.2.1.3. Formation of hi-tech "valleys"
- Taedok Science Town 53
11.2.1.4. Private research laboratories4
11.2.1.5. Universities and the educational system7
II.2.2. R&D SPENDING PATTERNS AND COMPARISONS . . 58
11.2.2.1. The scale of S&T in the international context
11.2.2.2. Patterns of spending on domestic R&D9
11.2.2.3. Government support for R&D projects 61
11.2.2.4. The focus and sourcing of recent
Korean R&D spending 63
11.2.2.5. Corporate R&D by sector
.2.3. INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION AND FUTURE PLANS 64
11.2.3.1. Foreign technology acquisition - historical trends
11.2.3.2. Examples of international R&D co-operation6
11.2.3.3. Barriers to collaboration: intellectual property, trade and
foreign investment liberalisation 69
11.2.3.4. Policy plans and strategies for the 1990s - MOST 73
11.2.3.5. The EPB's "ultra modern technology industry promotion
programme" 75
11.2.3.6. MTI's technology plans7
11.2.3.7. Information Industry ProgrammeANNEXES
Major Korean S&T (and Related) Ministries, Annex 1:
Institutions and their Functions 81
Annex 2 Semiconductor Case Study5 x 3 Telecommunications Case Study 9
Annex 4 High-Definition Television (HDTV)7
LIST OF TABLES (with page references)
RERERENCES