4 - text translation

Description

• cours magistral - matière potentielle : under sayyid muhammad
• revision
• mémoire - matière potentielle : the martyrs
• expression écrite

ZIYARAT ‘ ASHURA᾽ ءارﻮﺷﺎﻋ ترياز By Syed Kazim Hussain June 2010 = Rajab 1431 The Open School P.O. BOX 53573 CHICAGO, IL 60653-0398

• meaning of the ziyārat
• sayyid muhammad
• arabic by muhammad shua fakhir
• muharram
• sudur by mirza abul fazl tehrani
• prophet muhammad
• text of ziyārat
• anwar by muhammad baqir majlisi
• text

Sujets

• Révision
• Murtaza
• Jalali
• Muhammad
• Hussein
• Karachi
• Damascus

Informations

• Publié par: orzi
• Nombre de lectures: 12
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

WWhat ishat is
tthe Solar Windhe Solar Wind ??!!
By Hayanon
Translated by Y. Noda and Y. Kamide
Supervised by M. KojimaWhoof
It is a lovely
day today!
Mol, a science lover, and her
robotic dog Mirubo seem to
have decided to just putter
around in the Sun.
Mol, don‛t
I feel you think
great!!
it is strangeSo do I!
that light andI love basking
heat travels allin the Sun.
the way to us
from as
far away
as the Sun?
1Ah! I heard is also
something coming from
awesome ... the Sun along
with light and
heat.
Oh, calmMol, let‛s What exactly is
ask Sensei down, kids.the awesomeHello,
right away. What do youthing the SunSensei !
mean?gives off?
Yes, that is
From the Sun what I mean,
to the Earth but
comes light,
what is theneutrinos, the
and solar wind?
solar wind.
2First of all,
Inside the Sun, alet me explain
what happens process called nuclear
in the Sun. fusion takes place.
Four hydrogen nuclei This reaction
transform into a produces energy,
helium nucleus. which travels up to
the Sun‛s surface.
Hydrogen atoms heat up
to more than 1 million °C
on the solar surface, then
decompose into electrons They are called
and protons. plasmas. The plasma
gas is forced to
burst out from the
solar surface by the
high pressure it has.
The plasma gas
then runs through
interplanetary space
at ultra-high-speed
as fast as
300-800 km
per second! That is the
solar wind.
3Rattle and
clatter!
Bang!!
It is totallyDoes the solar
different fromwind hit on
what you callthe Earth‛s
wind.surface?
I have never
noticed the wind
like that.
The solar
wind is a very
thin gas. It does not
blow off
things as you
might think.

On Earth, you can see
the flow of the wind
The blue trailingby looking at leaves
tail of the comettrembling in the breeze.
is formed by theThe flow of the
solar wind.solar wind can in
fact be seen by
closely observing
the comet‛s tail!
The white tail is
pushed away by the
pressure of light
from the Sun.
4The Sun is likeI see why
It is just like many magnets,it is called
wind blowing and is creating a“wind.”
in space. complex of
magnetic field
lines as this picture
You see? shows.
the solar windOut from
carries awaythe Sun,
something
with it.
Plasma has the
character of
embedding
magnetic field.
When the coronal gas
streams from the Sun
into interplanetary space,
it pulls out the Sun‛s
magnetic field lines.
5The magnetic field
lines are stretching Of course the Sun‛s What do you think
out of the Sun, magnetic field lines happens when the
forming huge spirals solar wind andreach the Earth.
because of the Sun‛s magnetic field lines
rotation. hit the Earth?
As you have already The geomagnetic
learned, the Earth is field lines are
also a huge magnet blocking the solar
with north and south wind like a barrier.
poles.
Thanks to the
barrier, we are free
from the threat of
the solar wind.
When the solar wind
This barrier,
buffets the geomagnetichowever, cannot
field, its huge energy
entirely shield
penetrates into thethe solar wind.
Earth‛s magnetosphere
in various forms.
6Aurora is one of the
phenomena caused by
the energy from
the Sun!
The solar wind, the flow of
plasmas, creates the aurora
by colliding with the atoms
and molecules of the Earth‛s
upper atmosphere.
Although the solar windThe status of the solar wind
is invisible and cannotcan abruptly be changed
be detected on theaccording to solar activity.
ground, ......
This change could
its influences on our
damage satellites and life and environment
even harm electric are seen in many ways.
systems on the ground
by inducing abnormally
intense currents.
The solar wind
has a negative
impact indeed. However, it could
be worse without
the solar wind!
7Cosmic rays are traveling from
far away in space. They are high
energy particles and are harmful
to life on the ground, if they
hit the Earth directly.
Now, the solar wind with
magnetic fields plays a role
as a barrier to protect the
Earth from being directly
hit by cosmic rays!
The SunWe can say that It is not only
life is shielded by is amazing.Oh, I had heating and
the magnetized
no idea! shining.solar wind.
8