FOAM a new simple benthic degradative1

Patrizia De Gaetano

Description

FOAM, a new simple benthic degradative1 module for the LAMP3D model: an2 application to a Mediterranean fish farm3 Patrizia De Gaetano 1, Andrea M. Doglioli 2, Marcello G. Magaldi 3, Paolo Vassallo 4, Mauro Fabiano 4 4 1 DIFI, Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Genova5 2 Aix-Marseille Universite ; CNRS ; LOB-UMR 6535, Laboratoire d'Oceanographie et de6 Biogeochimie, OSU/Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille7 3 Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), Division of Meteorology8 and Physical Oceanography (MPO), University of Miami9 4 DIPTERIS, Dipartimento per lo Studio del Territorio e delle sue Risorse, Universita di10 Genova11 Corresponding author address:12 Patrizia De Gaetano, DIFI, Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Genova, Via Dode-13 caneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italia.14 Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone] E-mail: Running title: FOAM, Finite Organic Accumulation Module16 Keywords: Biodegradation modeling, Aquaculture impact, Mediterranean Sea,17 Husbandry, Net-pen, Organic matter.18 Preprint submitted to Aquaculture Research December 12, 200719 1

• sustainable development


• using real


• finite organic


• organic load


• necessary framework


• marine fish


• realistic current


• aquaculture development

Sujets

• Coppens
• United Nations
• Fabiano
• Sustainable development

Informations

• Publié par: pefav
• Nombre de lectures: 42
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

1 FOAM,anewsimplebenthicdegradative 2 modulefortheLAMP3Dmodel:an 3 applicationtoaMediterraneanfishfarm 4 PatriziaDeGaetano 1 ,AndreaM.Doglioli 2 ,MarcelloG.Magaldi 3 , PaoloVassallo 4 ,MauroFabiano 4 5 1 DIFI,DipartimentodiFisica,Universita`diGenova 6 2 Aix-MarseilleUniversite´;CNRS;LOB-UMR6535,Laboratoired’Oce´anographieetde 7 Bioge´ochimie,OSU/Centred’Oce´anologiedeMarseille 8 3 RosenstielSchoolofMarineandAtmosphericScience(RSMAS),DivisionofMeteorology 9 andPhysicalOceanography(MPO),UniversityofMiami 10 4 DIPTERIS,DipartimentoperloStudiodelTerritorioedellesueRisorse,Universita`di 11 Genova 12 Correspondingauthoraddress : 13 PatriziaDeGaetano, DIFI,DipartimentodiFisica,Universita´diGenova,ViaDode- 14 caneso33,16146Genova,Italia. 15 Phone:[phone]Fax:[phone]E-mail:degaetano@fisica.it 16 Runningtitle:FOAM,FiniteOrganicAccumulationModule 17 Keywords: Biodegradationmodeling,Aquacultureimpact,MediterraneanSea, 18 Husbandry,Net-pen,Organicmatter. 19 Preprintsubmittedto AquacultureResearch 1 December12,2007

20 12 22 32 42 52 62 72 82 92 03 13 23 33 43 53 63 73 83 93 04 Abstract Themodelingframeworkalreadyintroducedby(Dogliolietal.,2004a)topredict thepotentialimpactofamarinefishfarmisimprovedfollowingdifferentdirections. Namely:(i)realhistoriccurrent-meterdataareusedtoforcethesimulations;(ii)set- tlingvelocityvaluesspecificallytargetingMediteranneanfishspeciesareused;and (iii)anewbenthicdegradativemodule,FOAM,isaddedtothemodelingframework. FOAMusestheoutputoftheotherfunctionalunitsofthemodelingframeworkto calculatetheorganicloadontheseabedatthenetofthenaturalremineralization. Differentremineralizationratesreflectthesedimentstresslevelaccordingtothe workofFindlay&Watling(1997). Organicdegradationforbothuneatenfeedandfaecesisevaluatedchanging releasemodality(continuousandperiodical)andvaryingthesettlingvelocities.It isfoundthatthemaximumimpactonthebenthiccommunityisobservedeither forquickly-sinkinguneatenfeedreleasedtwiceadayorforlessintensenearbottom currentconditions.Ifboththeabovementionedscenarioscoexist,ahighstresslevel isestablishedinthesediment.Themodelalsosuggeststhatademand-feedingofthe fishinthecagecansignificantlyreducethefarmimpact.Theseresultsshowhow thenewandmorecompletemodelingframeworkherepresentedisabletoimprove theobjectivityindecisionmakingprocessesanditmaybesuccessfullyusedfor planningandmonitoringpurposes. 2

41 1Introduction 42 Theincreaseinglobalfishconsumptionandthedecreaseofwildfishstocksarethe 43 mainreasonsbehindthecontinuousdevelopmentofmarineaquaculture(FAOFish- 44 eriesDivision,2006, http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0874e/a0874e00.htm ). 45 Theworldwideexpansionofthemarinefishfarms,however,hasalwaysbeengener- 46 atingconcernonthepossibleimpactsforcoastalecosystems.Alreadyin1995,the 47 FoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)oftheUnitedNationsadoptedaCodeof 48 ConductforResponsibleFisheries.TheCodeprovidedthenecessaryframeworkfor 49 nationalandinternationaleffortstoensuresustainableexploitationofaquaticliv- 50 ingresources.Aparticularattentionwaspaidtotheaquaculturegrowthinaccord 51 tothesustainableandintegrateduseoftheenvironment,takingintoaccountthe 52 fragilityofcoastalecosystems,thefinitenatureoftheirnaturalresourcesandthe 53 needsofcoastalcommunities.In2001,followingthesamedirection,theEuropean 54 Unionstartedtosetupastrategyforasustainableaquaculturedevelopmentwith 55 theBiodiversityActionPlanforFisheries(COM(2001)162)andtheEuropean 56 StrategyforSustainableDevelopment(COM(2001)264).Thesetwodocuments 57 ledtothemorerecentandspecificStrategyfortheSustainableDevelopmentof 58 EuropeanAquaculture(COM(2002)511). 59 Marineaquacultureoperationsarestillveryexpensiveandtheonlymeanto 60 sustainprofitabilityistointensifyfishproduction.Unfortunatelythisintensifica- 61 tionincreasesthealreadyexistingconcernsaboutreachingandgettingoverthe 62 naturalcapabilityoftheenvironment.Thescientificliteraturehasidentifiedinthe 63 releaseofparticulatewasteproductsthemaincauseofenvironmentalimpactdue 64 tothepresenceofmarinefishfarms(Halletal.,1990;Holmer&Kristensen,1992; 65 Karakassisetal.,2000).Theparticulatewastesincreasetheorganicloadonthe 66 benthicenvironmentandmightdeterminechangesinthecommunitystructureand 67 inthebiodiversityofthebenthicassemblages(Tsutsumietal.,1991;Wuetal., 68 1994;Vezzullietal.,2002,2003).Thereforeweareinneedforpredictivetoolsable 3