NON LINEAR ROUGH HEAT EQUATION

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NON-LINEAR ROUGH HEAT EQUATION A. DEYA, M. GUBINELLI, S. TINDEL Abstract. This article is devoted to define and solve an evolution equation of the form dyt = ∆yt dt + dXt(yt), where ∆ stands for the Laplace operator on a space of the form Lp(Rn), and X is a finite dimensional noisy nonlinearity whose typical form is given by Xt(?) = ∑N i=1 x i tfi(?), where each x = (x (1), . . . , x(N)) is a ?-Holder function generating a rough path and each fi is a smooth enough function defined on Lp(Rn). The generalization of the usual rough path theory allowing to cope with such kind of system is carefully constructed. 1. Introduction The rough path theory, which was first formulated in the late 90's by Lyons [23, 22] and then reworked by various authors [12, 13], offers a both elegant and efficient way of defining integrals driven by rough signal. This pathwise approach enables the interpretation and resolution of the standard (rough) differential system dyt = ?(yt) dxt , y0 = a, (1) where x is only a Holder process, and also the treatment of less classical (rough) differ- ential systems such that the delay equation [25] or the integral Volterra systems [8, 9].

• holder process


• infinite dimensional


• linear rough


• standard system


• rough path


• integral has


• dimensional holder


• operator ?


• equations driven

Sujets

• Taylor
• multiplication

Informations

• Publié par: pefav
• Nombre de lectures: 25
• Langue: English

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NON-LINEAR ROUGH HEAT EQUATION

A. DEYA, M. GUBINELLI, S. TINDEL

Abstract.This article is devoted to define and solve an evolution equation of the formdy t = Δy t dt+dX t (y t ), where Δ stands for the Laplace operator on a space of the formL p (R n ), andXis a finite dimensional noisy nonlinearity whose typical form is N given byX t (ϕ) = P i=1 x i t f i (ϕ), where eachx= (x (1) , . . . , x (N) ) is aγ-¨Hunrfdeolnioct generating a rough path and eachf i is a smooth enough function defined onL p (R n ). The generalization of the usual rough path theory allowing to cope with such kind of system is carefully constructed.

1.Introduction

The rough path theory, which was first formulated in the late 90’s by Lyons [23, 22] and then reworked by various authors [12, 13], offers a both elegant and efficient way of defining integrals driven by rough signal. This pathwise approach enables the interpretation and resolution of the standard (rough) differential system

dy t =σ(y t )dx t , y 0 =a,(1) wherexedpr¨Hlossa,orecnlyaisol(rough)differ-fotnsselsalcacisalndthsoreetmeat ential systems such that the delay equation [25] or the integral Volterra systems [8, 9]. In all of those situations, the fractional Brownian motion stands for the most common process for which the additional hypotheses required during the construction are actually satisfied. In the last few years, several authors provided some kind of similar pathwise treatment for quasi-linear equations associated to non-bounded operators, that is to say of the rather general form dy t =Ay t dt+dX t (y t ), t∈[0, T] (2) whereTis a strictly positive constant,Ais a non-bounded operator defined on a (dense) subspace of some Banach spaceVandX∈ C([0, T]×V;V) is a noise which is irregular in time and which evolves in the space of vectorfields acting on the Banach space at stake. Their results apply in particular to some specific partial differential equations perturbated by samples of (infinite-dimensional) stochastic processes. To our knowledge, two different approaches have been used to tackle the issue of giving sense to (2): •The first one essentially consists in returning to the usual formulation (1) by means of tricky transformations of the initial system (2). One is then allowed to resort to the numerous results established in the standard background of rough

Date: February 16, 2010. 2000Mathematics Subject Classification.60H05, 60H07, 60G15. Key words and phrases.Rough paths theory; Stochastic PDEs; Fractional Brownian motion. 1

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A. DEYA, M. GUBINELLI, S. TINDEL

paths analysis. As far as this general method is concerned, let us quote the work of Caruana and Friz [4], as well as the promising article of Teichmann [33]. •The second approach is due to the last two authors of the current paper, and is based on a formalism which combines (analytical) semigroup theory and rough paths methods. This formulation can be seen as a “perturbated” version of the classical rough path theory. Of course, one should also have in mind the huge literature concerning the case of evolution equations driven by usual Brownian motion, for which we refer to [7] for the infinite dimensional setting and to [6] for the multiparametric framework. In the particular case of the stochastic heat equation driven by an infinite dimensional Brownian motion, some sharp existence and uniqueness results have been obtained in [28] in a Hilbert space context, and in [3] for Banach valued solutions (closer to the situation we shall investigate). In the Young integration context, some recent efforts have also been made in order to define solutions to parabolic [24, 15] or wave type [30] equations. The current article goes back to the setting we have developed in [16], and proposes to fill two gaps left by the latter paper. More specifically, we focus (for sake of clarity) on the case of the heat equation inR n with a non-linear fractional perturbation, and our aim is to give a reasonable sense and solve the equation

dy t = Δy t dt+dX t (y t ),(3) where Δ is the Laplacian operator considered on someL p (R n ) space (withpchosen large enough and specified later on), namely Δ :D(Δ)⊂L p (R n )→L p (R n ).

Then the first improvement we propose in the current paper consists in considering a rather general noisy nonlinearityXeovvlniignaH¨olderspaceC γ (L p (R n );L p (R n )), with γ <1/ second line ofof the polynomial perturbations we had in [16]. A2, instead generalization is that we also show how to push forward the rough type expansions in the semi-group context, and will be able to get some existence and uniqueness results up toγ >1/4, instead ofγ >1/3. As usual in the stochastic evolution setting, we study equation (3) in its mild form, namely: t y t =S t y 0 + Z S t−s dX s (y s ),(4) 0 whereS t :L p (R n )→L p (R n ) designates the heat semigroup onR n  being said, and. This before we state an example of the kind of result we have obtained, let us make a few remarks on the methodology we have used. (a)The main price to pay in order to deal with a general nonlinearity is that we only consider a finite dimensional noisy input. Namely, we stick here to a noise generated by aγ-hatrpdeolH¨x= (x (1) , . . . , x (N) ) and evolving in a finite-dimensonal subspace of C(L p (R n );L p (R n )), which can be written as:

N X t (ϕ) = X x t i f i (ϕ), i=1

(5)

NON-LINEAR ROUGH HEAT EQUATION

3

with some fixed elements{f i } i=1,...,N ofC(L p (R n );L p (R n )), chosen of the particular form f i (ϕ)(ξ) =σ i (ξ, ϕ(ξ)) for sufficiently smooth functionsσ i :R n ×R→R. Note that the hypothesis of a finite-dimensional noise is also assumed in [4] or [33]. Once again, our aim in [16] was to deal with irregular homogeneous noises in space, but we were only able to tackle the case of a linear or polynomial dependence on the unknown. As far as the form of the nonlinearity is concerned, let us mention that [4] deals with a linear case, while the assumptions in [33] can be read in our setting as: one ˜ is allowed to define an extended functionf i (ϕ) :=S −t f i (S t ϕ), which is still a smooth enough function of the couple (t, ϕ we ). Asshall see, the conditions we ask in the current article forf i are much less stringent. (b)In order to interpret (4), the reasoning we will resort to is largely inspired by the analysis of the standard rough integrals. For this reason, let us recall briefly the main features of the theory, as it is presented in [13]: the interpretation of R y s dx s (with xfinite-dimensional irregular noise) stems from some kind ofa dissectionof the usual Riemann-Lebesgue integral R y dx˜, whenx work of˜ is a regular driving process. This dismantling appeals to two recurrent operators acting on spaces ofk-variables functions (k≥1): the increment operatorδand its potential inverse, the sewing map Λ, the existence of which hinges on some specific regularity conditions. Ifyis a 1-variable function, thenδis simply defined as (δy) ts =y t −y s , while ifz ts = R t s (y t −y u )dx˜ u , then (δz) tus = (δy) tu (δx˜) us  such notations, one has for instance. With Z t s y u d˜x u = Z s t dx˜ u  y s + Z s t (y t −y u )d˜x u = Z s t dx˜ u  y s +  δ −1 ((δy)(δ˜x))  ts . Of course, the latter equality makes only sense once the invertibility ofδhas been justified. During the process of dissection, it early appears, and this is the basic principles of the rough path theory, that in order to give sense to R y s dx s , it suffices to justify the existence of the iterated integrals associated tox:x t 1 s = R t s dx u ,x t 2 s = R t s dx u R u s dx v , etc.,uptoanorderwhichislinkedtotheH¨olderregularityofx. Ifxisγerld¨o-Hrfo someγ >1/2, then onlyx 1 is necessary, whereas ifγ∈(1/3,1/2), thenx 2 must come into the picture. Once the integral has been defined, the resolution of the standard system t (δy) ts = Z σ(y u )dx u , y 0 =a,(6) s whereσis a regular function, is quite easy to settle by a fixed-point argument. (c)presence of the semigroup inside the integral preventsAs far as (4) is concerned, the us from writing this infinite-dimensional system under the general form (6). Ifyis a solution of (4) (suppose such a solution exists), its variations are actually governed by the equation (lets < t) (δy) ts =y t −y s =S t y 0 −S s y 0 + Z 0 s [S t−u −S s−u ]dX u (y u ) + Z s t S t−u dX u (y u ),