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π1
∗
n
pL p>n/2
n/2L
n Ric≥k(n−1) k>0
π√ π1k
n
n≥3
pL
Ric(x) = inf Ric (X,X)/g(X,X)x
X∈T Mx
x ∈ M
f (x)=max(−f(x),0) f−
∗ ◦
dense
in
the
)
an
the
set
v
of
with
metrics
w
of
ture
an
UBR
y
theorem,
er
dieren
and
tiable
tensors.
manifold.
um
Keyw
ords
w
:
ositiv
is
FNRS
ature,
to
theorems,
fying
fundamen
the
tal
their
group
b
1
small
In
p
tro
of
lo
A
e
problem
ature
in
inequalities
Riemannian
.
geometry
Bishop's
is
supp
to
a
nd
e
top
This
olog-
dev
ical,
study
manifolds
or
an
analytical
hing
e
part
for
the
diameter
exis-
v
tence
norm
on
er
a
e
manifold
than
of
a
whose
Riemannian
note
metric
est
satisfying
of
a
at
giv
,
en
set
ann
of
almost
ature
,
b
function
ounds.
rst
F
follo
or
yp
P
S.
b
My
Gran
ers
metric
sho
negativ
w
ed
ature.
that
pap
a
is
oted
are
the
-manifold
of
with
Riemannian
ature
satis-
only
nite
the
of
on
part
negativ
same
lo
the
er
of
of
-norm
(where
ature
small
Let
with
ounded
metrics
e
n
ha
20-101469.
(for
in
(the
is
diameter
b
is
n
b
ositiv
ounded
a
b
less
y
a-
,
part
trary
-manifolds
)
de-
and
the
has
w
nite
eigen
alue
the
the
,
tensor
whereas,
that
on
sho
the
and
W
trary
Y
,
A
J.
Erw
Lohk
amp
e
sho
p
w
in
ed
in
for
[11
arbitrary
℄
and
that
Our
on
result
ev
the
ery
wing
On
t
-manifold
e
with
of
group.
artially
tal
orted
fundamen
y
there
Swiss
exists
t
Finiteness
)
is
1nn(M ,g) p>
2Z
p
ρ = Ric−(n−1) gp −
M
9 1
n 10 10Volg≤VolS (1+ρ )(1+C(p,n)ρ ).p p
Ric ≥
n−1 π1
p > n/2
V > 0 ǫ > 0
V
nρ ≤ǫ
2
n(M ,g) p>n/2
ρp 1≤ M π1VolM C(p,n)
1ρp 10Diam(M,g)≤π× 1+C(p,n) .
VolM
π1
∞L
ρ /VolMp
k> 0 R pkρ ρ = Ric−k(n−1)p p M −
nC(p,n) C(p,n,k) VolS
nVolS π√n π n
2 kk
k≤ 0
1S
π1
ρp
there
exists
a
metric
this
applies
large
prop
F
tually
t
dense
olume
amongs
pinc
the
trary
length
w
spaces
pro
for
(see
the
a
Gromo
y
v-Hausdor
v
it
familly
a
of
v
Riemannian
a
manifolds
w
of
w
v
it
olume
form
spaces.
Gromo
and
it
with
a
length
w
the
to
on
the
y
v-Hausdor
(see
p
prop
v
osition
9.2).
its
Our
same
Theorem
result
readily
is
for
the
since
follo
wing
Theorems
m
replace
y
y
ers's
of
t
osition
yp
amongs
e
that
theorem.
es
Theorem
generalize
1.2
L
with
et
b
Gromo
and
the
is,
for
w,
family
y
tal
a
implied
b
in
e
on
a
ature,
the
omplete
t
manifold
to
and
that
form
has
h
an
whic
small
nite
ersal
with
satises
.
hing.
If
an
manifolds
an
argumen
for
ws
only
applies
b
so
e
and
is
assumes
ev-
theorem
er,
Bishop
optimal.
the
and
of
w
ersion
v
Bishop
,
the
then
ma
and
is
While
y
omp
length
act
v-Hausdor
with
y
nite
.
The
space
and
vious
and
es
volume
of
nite
3)
of
is
form
then
nite
nite
yp
is
manifold
If
the
.
whic
and
there
manifold
up
omplete
no
that
no
v
ert
nite
of
with
fundamen
manifolds
olic
er
erb
b
yp
purely
h
tegral
hing
a
the
(for
and
ones
is
main
e
oin
b
of
et
L
pro
1.1
e
some
if
A
manifold
few
the
y
ts
and
are
,
in
then
order:
univ
1)
er
h
the
a
pinc
diameter
2)
b
or
ound
y
w
y
as
,
obtained
renormalization
in
t
[14
sho
℄
that
under
e
stronger
replace
that
v
y
ature
sho
assumptions
w
but
optimal
the
1.1
niteness
for
of
ery
the
the
and
ev
manifold
Ho
w
in
as
1.2
a
1.1
vided
(see
e
also
not
[18]).
is
As
theorem,
b
in
[14
implies
℄
joran
if
our
Riemannian
,
On
also
-niteness
the
b
9.1).
obtained
b
w
prop
only
spaces
that
the
,
dense
readily
and
to
b
the
is
univ
spaces
ersal
The
-Euclidean
v
mak
er
ob
(ev
that
en
do
if
not
it
to
is
set
.
that
The
is
pro
not
of
the
small
same
h
for
a
in
v
tegral
h
pinc
er-
hings.
olic
That
sho
is
that
the
reason
the
wh
small
b
ounds
e
on
if
the
e
assume
olume)
ature
tranfer
is
(or
Theorem
2ρp
VolM
1ρ Sp
ρp
p = 1 n = 2 π1
p =n/2 n≥ 3
n(M ,g) n
n≥ 3
(g ) M gm
ρ (g )n/2 m
→ 0
Volgm
n−1
∞L
∞L
π n1
n−1
π1
the
olume
v
v
olume
the
nite
[8
and
b
,
h
ology
on
top
natural
the
has
theorem
on
is
of
still
een
v
presen
alid
the
(
the
innite
ertinen
with
w
-
o
niteness
an
ob
use
viously
the
follo
e
ws
Sob
from
of
the
℄
Gauss-Bonnet
sition
theorem),
wn
but
Gallot
in
requiring
℄
manifold
e
a
the
get
y
e
b
w
and
and
the
small
e
a
w
with
ture,
no
ariation
generalization
of
in
the
rems
T
results
b
v
ha
alid
to
under
theorem
p
fails
oin
℄
t
(see
wise
w
lo
ts
w
tegral
er
one
b
ound
ound
y
on
er
the
the
h
manifolds
ature
but
b
b
e
ound
exp
whereas
ected,
as
y
sho
b
ws
ounded
the
e
follo
wing
Since
theorem,
not
Theorem
an
1.3
b
L
et
e
pro
ula
of
By
h
.
to
nite
pro
b
ers
e
t
any
and
hniques,
omp
a
act
on
R
iemannian
e
and
elop
-manifold
generaliza-
(
My
olume
the
v
form
nite
℄
).
℄
Ther
til
e
pap
exists
prop
a
only
se
b
olev
e
ere
of
an
trol
omplet