Contribution to engineering of WDM Nx160 Gbit s optical transmission systems Analysis of optical signal degradation

Joël Professor

Description

Niveau: Supérieur, Doctorat, Bac+8
THESIS Contribution to engineering of WDM Nx160 Gbit/s optical transmission systems. Analysis of optical signal degradation induced by propagation impairments. to obtain the DOCTORATE DEGREE in THE LOUIS PASTEUR UNIVERSITY OF STRASBOURG Speciality: Physics - Photonics by BENJAMIN CUENOT Host laboratory: France Telecom R&D Division – Metropolitan and Core Network Lannion (22300, France) University laboratory: Laboratoire des Systèmes Photoniques – Illkirch (67400, France) The 29th of September 2004 before the doctoral committee: FONTAINE Joël Professor – ENSPS, INSA, Strasbourg, France GALLION Philippe Professor – ENST, Paris, France GOSSELIN Stéphane Engineer – FT R&D Division, Lannion, France LIEBER Winfried Prof. Dr.-Ing. – FachHochschule Offenburg, Germany LACH Eugen Doctor – Alcatel SEL, Stuttgart, Germany RICHTER Andre Doctor – VPI Systems, Berlin, Germany MEYRUEIS Patrick Professor – ENSPS, Strasbourg, France

• optical noise


• noise analysis


• linear propagation


• modulation format


• amplification scheme


• optical amplification


• wdm systems


• self- phase modulation

Sujets

• Louis Pasteur University
• France Télécom
• Lannion
• Professor
• Engineer
• Optical amplifier

Informations

• Publié par: profil-zyak-2012
• Nombre de lectures: 19
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 4 Mo

Extrait

THESIS
Contribution to engineering of WDM Nx160 Gbit/s optical
transmission systems. Analysis of optical signal degradation
induced by propagation impairments.
to obtain the
DOCTORATE DEGREE
in
THE LOUIS PASTEUR UNIVERSITY OF STRASBOURG
Speciality: Physics - Photonics
by
BENJAMIN CUENOT
Host laboratory: France Telecom R&D Division – Metropolitan and Core Network
Lannion (22300, France)
University laboratory: Laboratoire des Systèmes Photoniques – Illkirch (67400, France)
thThe 29 of September 2004 before the doctoral committee:
FONTAINE Joël Professor – ENSPS, INSA, Strasbourg, France
GALLION Philippe Professor – ENST, Paris, France
GOSSELIN Stéphane Engineer – FT R&D Division, Lannion, France
LIEBER Winfried Prof. Dr.-Ing. – FachHochschule Offenburg, Germany
LACH Eugen Doctor – Alcatel SEL, Stuttgart, Germany
RICHTER Andre Doctor – VPI Systems, Berlin, Germany
MEYRUEIS Patrick Professor – ENSPS, Strasbourg, FranceTable of contents

General introduction ...........................................................................................1

1 General definitions in optical communications ...............................................1
2 Brief review of optical telecommunications....................................................3
2.1 Historical background.....................................................................................................3
2.2 Optical amplification: a technological breakthrough......................................................4
2.3 Parameters of WDM systems..........................................................4
2.4 Why increasing the channel bitrate in WDM systems is unavoidable?..........5
2.5 WDM system engineering ..............................................................................................8
3 Context of the bit rate increase with the help of wavelength multiplexing and
channel bit rate increase up to 40 Gbit/s................................................................9
4 Conclusion .....................................................................................................15
5 References.............................................................................16

Problematics.......................................................................................................19

1 Basics of optical time division multiplexing .................................................19
2 Main issues of the study.................................................................................20
3 References.........................21


Optical noise and power analysis......................................................................23

1 The optical receiver ........................................................................................23
1.1 Introduction................................................................................................................23
1.2 Definitions and quality factor .............................................................. 24
1.3 Description of the different sources of noise in the receiver......................... 26
1.3.1 Shot Noise.................................................................................... 26
1.3.2 Thermal Noise................................................................................................ 26
1.3.3 Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE)........................................................ 26
1.3.4 ASE and ASE-signal beat noise...................................................................... 26
1.3.5 Total receiver noise......................................................................................... 27
1.4 Simulation of the electrical noise variances as a function of input power, optical
preamplifier gain and bit rate .............................................................................................. 27
1.5 The receiver sensitivity............................... 28
1.5.1 Without ASE noise at the input .................................................... 28
1.5.2 Adding ASE noise at the input of the receiver................................................ 30
1.6 Limit of the quality factor........................................................................................... 32
2 Filtering issues ................................................................................................35
3 Optical time division multiplexing impact on power penalty .......................39
4 The optical line ............................................................................41
4.1 Erbium amplification.................................................................................................. 41
4.2 Raman amplification 44
5 Example of studies: some scenarios for transmission at 160 and 40 Gbit/s..48
6 Conclusion: optical noise and power analysis ...............................................52
7 References..........................................................................................55

Analysis of propagation effects .........................................................................57

1 First approach of transmission effects............................................................57
1.1 Modelling of transmission effects............................................................................... 57
1.2 Tolerance to dispersion in linear propagation............................................................. 60
1.3 Effects of dispersion slope in linear propagation........................................................ 62
2 Non-linear effects study ..............................................................64
2.1 Intrachannel non linear effects.................................................................................... 65
2.1.1 Self-phase modulation.................................................................................... 65
2.1.2 Intrachannel four-wave mixing............................................... 68
2.1.3 Intrachannel cross phase modulation .............................................................. 72
2.1.4 Coexistence of intrachannel four-wave-mixing and intrachannel cross phase
modulation...................................................................................................74
2.1.5 Stimulated Raman scattering and self-steepening effect................................. 77
2.1.6 Identification of major transmission effects in a single channel transmission 79
2.2 Interchannel non linear effects.................................................................................... 81
3 Dispersion management at 160 Gbit/s ..............................................89
3.1 Introduction and first results....................................................................................... 89
3.2 Analytic expression for the reduction of non-linear interactions............. 91
3.3 Simple physical analysis of the non linear effects dependence on cumulated dispersion
93
3.4 Engineering rule for the design of high bitrate WDM dispersion map ....................... 96
4 References.....................................................................................................104

Statistical effects in propagation ....................................................................107

1 Birefringence in fibre and the coarse step method ......................................107
2 Impact of optical demultiplexing on PMD aspects......................................109
3 Modelling of PMD and relation with the quality factor ..............................112
4 Conclusion ...................................................................................................116
5 References....................................................................................................117
Validation and discussion ...............................................................................119

1 General modelling of a WDM transmission system....................................119
2 First case study: long haul transmission ......................................................120
2.1 Introduction...........................................................120
2.2 Noise analysis....................................................121
2.3 Intrachannel non linear effects....................................................................................122
2.4 Impact of fibre dispersion ...........................................................................................124
2.5 Impae effective area......................................................................................125
2.6 Use of a hybrid amplification scheme ........................................................................125
3 Second case study: very long haul transmission..........................................128
3.1 Noise analysis .............................................................................................................128
3.2 Impact of fibre dispersion .........................128
3.3 Modelling of the transmission with real fibres ...........................................................129
3.4 Use of dispersion management ...................................................................................130
3.5 PMD impact......................