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EVERYMAN'S LIBRARY
EDITED BY ERNEST RHYS
ESSAYS
MATTHEW ARNOLD'S ESSAYS
WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY
G. K. C H EST E R TON
THE PUBLISHERS OF SJ7SlJ{f:A1eÆ:J-.(,S
LIB'l{eßlJ{f WILL BE PLEASED TO SEND
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THEOLOGY &; PHILOSOPHY
HISTORY .. CLASSICAL
FOR YOUNG PEOPLE
ESSAYS" ORATORY
POETRY & DRAMA
BIOGRAPHY REFERENCE
ROMANCE
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IN FOUR STYLES OF BINDING: CLOTH,
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LONDON: J. M. DENT & SONS, LTD.
NEW YORK: E. P. DUTTON & CO.
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FIRST ISSUE OF THIS EDITION
REPRINTED
19 06
19 0 7, Igog, IgII, 19 1 4
CONTENTS
.A.G.
I. 'fHE FUNCTION OF CRITICISM AT THE PRESENT
TIME I
National Review, N av. 1864.
II. THE LITERARY INFLUENCE OF ACADEMIES . 26
Cornlzi/l Mag., August 1864.
III. MAURICE DE GUÉRIN . . . 51
Fraser's Mag., January 1863.
IV. EUGÉNIE DE GUÉRIN . . . 7 8
Cornlzill Mag., June 1863.
V. HEINRICH HEINE . . e 102
Coynlzil/ Mag., August 1863-
VI. PAGAN AND CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS SENTIMENT 12 7
Cornlzil/ Mag., April 1864.
VII. JOUBERT; OR A FRENCH COLERIDGE .. 14 6 National Review, January 1864.
VIII. A WORD MORE ABOUT SPINOZA ç 17+
MacMillan', Mag., Ðec. 1863.
IX. MARCUS AURELIUS . . . 186
Pictoria Mag., Nov. 1863.
X. ON TRANSLATING HO!l.tER .. . II 210
XI. NEWMAN'S REPLY . . 27 6
XII. LAST \V ORDS ON TRANSLATING HOMEa. . . 337
'\'11
INTRODUCTION
OUR actual obligations to Matthew Arnold are almost beyond ex-
pression. His very faults reforn1ed us. The chief of his services
may perhaps be stated thus, that he discovered (for the
modern English) the purely intel1ectual importance of humility.
He had none of that hot humility which is the fascination of
saints and good men.
ut he had a cold humility which he
had discovered to be a mere essential of the intelligence. To
see things clearly, he said, you must" get yourself out of the
way." The weakness of pride lies after all in this; that oneseH
is a window. It can be a colourcd window, if you win; but
the more thickly you lay on the colours the less of a window
it will be. The two things to be done with a window are to
wash it and then forget it. So the truly pious have always
said the two things to ùo personally are to cleanse and to for-
get oneself.
f'vlatthew Arnold found the window of the English soul
opaque with its own purple. The Englishman had painted his
own image on the pane so gorgeously that it was practically a
dead panel; it had no opening on the world without. He
could not see the most obvious and enormous objects outside
his own door. The Englislunan could not see (for instance)
that the French Revolution was a far-reaching, fundamental
and 1110st practical and successful change in the whole structure
of Europe. He really thought that it was a bloody and futile
episode, in weak imitation of an English General Election.
The Englishman could not see that the Catholic Church was
(at the very least) an immense and enduring Latin civilisation,
linking us to the lost civilisations of the Mediterranean. He
really thought it was a sort of sect. The Englishman could
not see that the Franco-Prussian war was the,entrance of a
new and menacing military age, a terror to England and to
all. He really thought it was a little lesson to Louis Napoleon
for not reading the TÙnes. The most enormous catastrophe
was only some kind of symbolic compiiment to England. If
the sun fell from Heaven it only showed how wise England
IX
Introduction
was in not having much sunshine. If the waters were turned
to blood it was only an advertisement for Bass's Ale or Fry's
Cocoa. Such was the weak pride of the English then. One
cannot say that is wholly undiscoverable now.