Final Report Recommendations September 2011 ICBIndependent Commission on Banking

Independent Commission On Banking

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• Publié par: mtoledan
• Publié le: 12 septembre 2011
• Nombre de lectures: 34
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

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Independent CommissionICB on Banking Final Report Recommendations September 2011Independent CommissionICB on Banking Final Report Recommendations September 2011Official versions of this document are printed on 100% recycled paper. When you have finished with it please recycle it again. If using an electronic version of the document, please consider the environment and only print the pages which you need and recycle them when you have finished. © Crown copyright 2011 You may re-use this information (excluding logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence. To view this licence, visit www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government- licence/ or e-mail: [e-mail]. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to: Independent Commission on Banking Victoria House Southampton Row London WC1B 4AD This document is also available from our website at http://bankingcommission.independent.gov.uk/ ISBN 978-1-845-32-829-0 Produced by the Domarn Group, London.Final Report Contents Contents ...................................................................................................................... 1 List of acronyms ......................................................................................................... 5 Executive summary ................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 1: Introduction .......................................................................................... 19 Background..........................................................................................................................19 Outline of this report ........................................................................................................20 PART I: FINANCIAL STABILITY Chapter 2: Overview ............................................................................................... 23 The Commission’s approach 23 Structure ........................24 Loss-absorbency .........27 An overview of the reform package ...........................................................................29 Chapter 3: Retail ring-fence ................................................................................... 35 Purpose of the ring-fence 35 Location of the ring-fence ..............................................................................................36 Height of the ring-fence ..................................................................................................62 The structure of banking groups .................................................................................76 Chapter 4: Loss-absorbency .................................................................................. 79 Introduction.........................................................................................................................79 Overview ...............................................................................................................................80 Should banks have much more equity? ....................................................................86 Loss-absorbing debt 100 How much loss-absorbing capacity do banks need? .........................................110 Recommendations ...121 Chapter 5: Economic impact and implementation 123 Introduction.......................................................................................................................123 Economic benefits of reform .......................................................................................124 What are the economic costs of reform? ................................................................133 Quantifying the costs and benefits ...........................................................................139 Competitiveness ..............................................................................................................145 Government shareholdings .........................................................................................147 The pace of economic recovery .................................................................................148 Implementation ........149 Independent Commission on Banking | 1Final Report PART II: COMPETITION Chapter 6: Overview .............................................................................................153 The Commission’s approach to competition issues ............................................153 Problems of competition and choice in retail banking .....................................154 Responses to the Interim Report .................................................................................155 Summary of competition recommendations ........................................................156 Financial stability and competition...........................................................................158 Chapter 7: Assessment of the market ................................................................165 Introduction.......................................................................................................................165 Concentration in UK banking markets .....................................................................166 Barriers to entry ................................................................................................................171 Switching and choosing providers............................................................................179 Pricing and transparency ..............................................................................................187 Importance of challengers ...........................................................................................192 Summary .....................197 Chapter 8: Competition recommendations .....................................................203 Market structure .......203 Conditions for consumer choice: switching and transparency ......................218 Pro-competitive regulation..........................................................................................227 Market investigation reference ...................................................................................230 PART III: RECOMMENDATIONS Chapter 9: Recommendations ............................................................................233 Retail ring-fence ...............................................................................................................233 Loss-absorbency .......237 Competition ...............239 GLOSSARY AND ANNEXES Glossary ...................................................................................................................243 Annex 1: Summary of responses to the Interim Report ..................................253 Financial stability measures: structure .....................................................................253 Fes: loss-absorbency ......................................................254 Competition measures ..................................................................................................254 Competitiveness ..............................................................................................................255 Annex 2: Other financial stability and competition reforms .........................257 Financial stability ......257 Competition ...............266 Other workstreams ..267 2 | Independent Commission on BankingFinal Report Annex 3: The economic impact of the Commission’s financial stability recommendations ................................................................................269 Introduction and summary ..........................................................................................269 The economic importance of banks and the costs of banking crises ..........270 The effects of the recommendations on the banking system ........................272 Government guarantees of bank liabilities ............................................................286 The cost of the recommendations to banks and the wider economy .........289 How the recommendations promote UK financial stability and growth ....307 Annex 4: Response to critiques of the competition analysis in the Interim Report ........................................................................................317 Introduction.......................................................................................................................317 Competition in retail banking .....................................................................................318 Structural remedy ............................................................................................................353 Independent Commission on Banking | 3Final Report 4 | Independent Commission on BankingFinal Report List of acronyms BCA Business Current Account HHI Herfindahl-Hirschman Index BCBS Basel Committee on Banking Supervision IFRS International Financial Reporting Standards BIS Bank for International Settlements IMF International Monetary Fund bp basis point (1bp = 0.01%) IPO Initial Public Offering CBI Confederation of British Industry IRB Internal Ratings-Based CC Competition Commission LBG Lloyds Banking Group CCB Capital Conservation Buffer LDR Loan-to-Deposit Ratio CCP Central Counterparty LGD Loss Given Default CDS Credit Default Swap LTV Loan-to-Value CET1 Common Equity Tier 1 OFT Office of Fair Trading CRD IV Capital Requirements Directive IV PCA Personal Current Account EC European Commission pp percentage point EEA European Economic Area PPI Payment Protection Insurance EL Expected Loss PRA Prudential Regulation Authority EU European Union RBS Royal Bank of Scotland FCA Financial Conduct Authority RRP Recovery and Resolution Plan FDIC Federal Deposit I