Glossary of geographical and topographical terms and of words of frequent occurrence in the composition of such terms and place-names

Robarts - University Of Toronto, Alexander Knox

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• Publié par: chioz
• Nombre de lectures: 12
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 42 Mo

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IS ;co COSTANFORD'S COMPENDIUM OF ANDGEOGRAPHY TRAVEL (SUPPLEMENTARY VOLUME)PRINTED BY SPOTTISWOODE AND CO. NEW-STREETLTD., SQUARE LONDONSTANFORD'S COMPENDIUM OF GEOGRAPHY AND TRAVEL (SUPPLEMENTARY VOLUME) GLOSSAEY . OP GEOGRAPHICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL TERMS AND OF WORDS OF OCCURRENCE IN THEFEEQUENT OF SUCH TERMS AND OFCOMPOSITION PLACE-NAMES BY ALEXANDER F.R.G.S.KNOX, B.A., 'A GUIDEAUTHOR OP TO KECENT LARGE-SCALE MAPS' ETC. EDWARDLONDON: STANFORD & LONG W.C.12, 13, 14, ACEE, 190403 K7IINTBODUCTION THE is the outcome of a series of notes takenGlossary a course of closelong geographical reading extendingduring and almost restricted to worksover some ten years, entirely with extra countries. however,When,dealing -European the collection of terms to assumebegan fairly large propor- advisable to add similar terms for theit wastions, thought This in the of thebrief,is, historyEuropean languages. the of which has involved a con-Glossary compilation very siderable amount of from the collec-labour, apart altogether tion of the raw materials. In a work of this kind small errors will inevitablypioneer however care be taken to exclude them ;in, great maycreep in time be toerrors of too,judgment, may possibly brought the insertion of some few terms ; eventuallylight may prove to have been while the exclusion of some others superfluous, of the whole. Timebe to lessen the valuemay thought tell.alone can in no for the or forway Glossary,Though responsible such Dr. A. H. Keane has notany errors, only very kindly read the but has allowed the author to withoutdraw,proofs, on his vast fund of and andstint, has,knowledge experience, his both constructive andmoreover, criticism, destructive,by value of the as aadded to the work matter; and,largelyVI INTRODUCTION of the in this introduction which deal withfact, paragraphs the law of of inconsonants theinterchange Indo-European of are from hisfamily languages pen. The of the terms has been made to asconform,spelling far as with the of the or code recom-possible, spirit system mended the for theby Royal Geographical Society spelling of This of considerablecode,place-names. though capable in its been in use for somehas, form,improvement, present and Continental Societies have formu- years, Geographical lated similar codes on the same lines but with modifications to suit the in each instance. In the case oflanguage written in Roman character the of thelanguages spelling as recommended for noterms, place-names, undergoes the terms remain as in thosechange; spelled languages. But where is written otherwise than in Romanany language or is not written at an to thecharacter, all, approximation sounds intended to be is arrived at the use ofconveyed by consonants and Italian vowels.English asto this code or convention a isAccording pronounced in e ei in i.e.father and have the force of a; crater,place, are to the French e i is e, e,they equivalent roughly pro- nounced as in and the ee inravine, (asreplaces English which is discarded o is as in the final o ;deep) pronounced in or as in u as in flute is avolcano, ; true, ; y alwayspole never a vowel as in isconsonant, ; qu replaced byquarry k in andotherwise the sound of ouJew, ; mountain)by (as ow in the o isis au or ao(as tower) ;replaced by simple used for the sound and thus w is a con-ow in meadow) ;(as sonant in the aiv i in iscombination ; (as mine)except ai, Ch is as in church ;replaced by phalways pronounced