Bloodletting Instruments in the National Museum of History and Technology

Tobydavis Appel, Toby Appel, Audrey Davis

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The Project Gutenberg EBook of Bloodletting Instruments in the National
Museum of History and Technology, by Audrey Davis and Toby Appel
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Title: Bloodletting Instruments in the National Museum of History and Technology
Author: Audrey Davis
Toby Appel
Release Date: July 7, 2010 [EBook #33102]
Language: English
*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BLOODLETTING INSTRUMENTS ***
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SMITHSONIAN STUDIES IN HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY/NUMBER 41

BLOODLETTING INSTRUMENTS
in the
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY


Audrey Davis and Toby Appel


Smithsonian Institution Press
City of Washington
1979

ABSTRACT
Davis, Audrey, and Toby Appel. Bloodletting Instruments in the National
Museum of History and Technology. Smithsonian Studies in History
and Technology, number 41, 103 pages, 124 figures, 1979.—
Supported by a variety of instruments, bloodletting became a
recommended practice in antiquity and remained an accepted treatment
for millenia. Punctuated by controversies over the amount of blood to
take, the time to abstract it, and the areas from which to remove it,
bloodletters employed a wide range of instruments. ...

Informations

• Publié par: mivar
• Publié le: 08 décembre 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 72
• Langue: English

Extrait

The Project Gutenberg EBook of Bloodletting Instruments in the National Museum of History and Technology, by Audrey Davis and Toby Appel This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org

Title: Bloodletting Instruments in the National Museum of History and Technology Author: Audrey Davis Toby Appel Release Date: July 7, 2010 [EBook #33102] Language: English

*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BLOODLETTING INSTRUMENTS ***

Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net.

   

   

SMITHSONIAN STUDIES IN HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY/NUMBER 41

 

 

 

 

 

 

BLOODLETTING INSTRUMENTS

in the

NATIONAL MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY

Audrey Davis and Toby Appel

Smithsonian Institution Press City of Washington 1979

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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Davis, Audrey B Bloodletting instruments in the National Museum of History and Technology. (Smithsonian studies in history and technology; no. 41) Bibliography: p. Supt. of Docs, no.: SI 1.28:41 1. Bloodletting—Instruments—Catalogs. 2. Bloodletting—History. 3. National Museum of History and Technology. I. Appel, Toby, 1945—joint author. II. Title. III. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian studies in history and technology; no. 41 [DNLM: 1. Bloodletting—History. 2. Bloodletting—Instrumentation—Catalogs. 3. Bloodletting— Exhibitions—Catalogs. RM182.D38 617'.9178 78-606043

Official publication date is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution’s annual report, Smithsonian Year . Cover design: “Phlebotomy, 1520” (from Seitz, 1520, as illustrated in Hermann Peter, Der Arzt und die Heilkunst , Leipzig, 1900; photo courtesy of NLM).

   

CONTENTS  Page Prefacev   Introduction1   Sources2   Bleeding: The History3 How Much Blood to Take5 When to Bleed7 Barber-Surgeons8 Bloodletting and the Scientific Revolution9 Instrumentation and Techniques10 Spring Lancets12 The Decline of Bleeding15   Cupping17 Early Cupping Instruments17 Instruments of the Professional Cupper21 Cupping Procedure24 Nineteenth Century Attempts to Improve Cupping Technology25 Dry Cupping31 Breast Cupping32 The Decline of Cupping34   Leeching34 Leeches34 Artificial Leeches36   Veterinary Bloodletting40   Physical Analysis of Artifacts41   Catalog of Bloodletting Instruments42 Phlebotomy44 Flint and Thumb Lancets44 Spring Lancets44 Bleeding Bowls47 Extra Blades and Cases47 Cupping48 Scarificators48 Cups50 Cupping Sets50 Cupping Apparatus52 Breast Pumps52 Leeching53 Veterinary Bloodletting53 Fleams53 Spring Lancets54 Related Artifacts55   Notes57   List of Trade Catalogs Consulted63

 

 

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PREFACE

Among the many catalogs of museum collections, few describe objects related to the practice of medicine. This catalog is the first of a series on the medical sciences collections in the National Museum of History and Technology (NMHT). Bloodletting objects vary from ancient sharp-edged instruments to the spring action and automatic devices of the last few centuries. These instruments were used in a variety of treatments supporting many theories of disease and therefore reflect many varied aspects of the history of medicine. Beginning with an essay sketching the long history of bloodletting, this catalog provides a survey of the various kinds of instruments, both natural and man-made, that have been used throughout the centuries. It is a pleasure to thank the Smithsonian Research Foundation, the Commonwealth Foundation, and the Houston Endowment for their financial support of this project. Miss Doris Leckie, who did much of the preliminary research and organized part of the collection that led to a draft of this catalog with special emphasis on the cupping apparatus, receives our highest gratitude. Her public lectures on the topic drew much praise. The usefulness of this catalog is due in no small part to her devoted efforts. For photographing the Smithsonian objects so well we thank Richard Hofmeister, John Wooten, and Alfred Harrell of the Smithsonian Office of Printing and Photographic Services. For analyzing selected objects and answering our requests promptly we thank Dr. Robert Organ, chief; Barbara Miller, conservation director; and Martha Goodway, metallurgist, of the Conservation Analytical Laboratory. To those who helped us to solve specific problems we extend appreciation to Dr. Arthur Nunes; Dr. Uta C. Merzbach, curator of mathematics, NMHT (especially for finding the poem by Dr. Snodgrass); and Silvio Bedini, deputy director, NMHT, whose enthusiasm and unmatched ability for studying objects has sustained us throughout the period of preparation. While it is traditional to add a reminder that various unnamed people contributed to a publication, it is imperative to state here that numerous people are essential to the collection, conservation, preservation, and exhibition of museum objects. Without them no collection would survive and be made available to those who come to study, admire or just enjoy these objects. We hope this catalog brings out some of the joy as well as the difficulties of maintaining a national historical medical collection.    

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