Early European History

Hutton Webster

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• Publié par: phawyeg
• Publié le: 08 décembre 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 92
• Langue: English

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The Project Gutenberg EBook of EARLY
EUROPEAN HISTORY, by HUTTON WEBSTER
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Title: EARLY EUROPEAN HISTORYAuthor: HUTTON WEBSTER
Release Date: April, 2005 [EBook #7960] [This file
was first posted on June 5, 2003]
Edition: 10
Language: English
Character set encoding: ISO Latin-1
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG
EBOOK, EARLY EUROPEAN HISTORY ***
Anne Soulard, Charles Franks, Robert Fite, and
the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team.
EARLY EUROPEAN HISTORY
BY
HUTTON WEBSTER, PH.D."There is no part of history so generally useful as
that which relates to the progress of the human
mind, the gradual improvement of reason, the
successive advances of science, the vicissitudes of
learning and ignorance, which are the light and
darkness of thinking beings, the extinction and
resuscitation of arts, and the revolutions of the
intellectual world." —SAMUEL JOHNSON,
Rasselas.PREFACE
This book aims to furnish a concise and connected
account of human progress during ancient,
medieval, and early modern times. It should meet
the requirements of those high schools and
preparatory schools where ancient history, as a
separate discipline, is being supplanted by a more
extended course introductory to the study of recent
times and contemporary problems. Such a course
was first outlined by the Regents of the University
of the State of New York in their Syllabus for
Secondary Schools, issued in 1910.
Since the appearance of the Regents' Syllabus the
Committee of Five of the American Historical
Association has made its Report (1911),
suggesting a rearrangement of the curriculum
which would permit a year's work in English and
Continental history. Still more recently the
Committee on Social Studies of the Commission on
the Reorganization of Secondary Education, in its
Report (1916) to the National Education
Association has definitely recommended the
division of European history into two parts, of which
the first should include ancient and Oriental
civilization, English and Continental history to
approximately the end of the seventeenth century,
and the period of American exploration.
The first twelve chapters of the present work are
based upon the author's Ancient History, publishedfour years ago. In spite of many omissions, it has
been possible to follow without essential
modification the plan of the earlier volume. A
number of new maps and illustrations have been
added to these chapters.
The selection of collateral reading, always a difficult
problem in the secondary school, is doubly difficult
when so much ground must be covered in a single
course. The author ventures, therefore, to call
attention to his Readings in Ancient History. Its
purpose, in the words of the preface, is "to provide
immature pupils with a variety of extended, unified,
and interesting extracts on matters which a
textbook treats with necessary, though none the
less deplorable, condensation." A companion
volume, entitled Readings in Medieval and Modern
History, will be published shortly. References to
both books are inserted in footnotes.
At the end of what has been a long and engrossing
task, it becomes a pleasant duty to acknowledge
the help which has been received from teachers in
school and college. Various chapters, either in
manuscript or in the proofs, have been read by
Professor James M. Leake of Bryn Mawr College;
Professor J. C. Hildt of Smith College; Very Rev.
Patrick J. Healy, Professor of Church History in the
Catholic University of America; Professor E. F.
Humphrey of Trinity College; Dr. James Sullivan,
Director of the Division of Archives and History,
State Dept. of Education of New York; Constantine
E. McGuire, Assistant Secretary General,
International High Commission, Washington; MissMargaret E. McGill, of the Newton (Mass.) High
School; and Miss Mabel Chesley, of the Erasmus
Hall High School, Brooklyn. The author would also
express appreciation of the labors of the
cartographers, artists, and printers, to whose
accuracy and skill every page of the book bears
witness.
HUTTON WEBSTER
LINCOLN, NEBRASKA, February, 1917
[Illustration: ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL GEMS.
1 Steatite from Crete, two lions with forefeet on a
pedestal, above
a sun
2 Sardonyx from Elis, a goddess holding up a
goat by the horns
3 Rock crystal a bearded Triton
4 Carnelian, a youth playing a trigonon
5 Chalcedony from Athens, a Bacchante
6 Sard, a woman reading a manuscript roll,
before her a lyre
7 Carnelian, Theseus
8 Chalcedony, portrait head, Hellenistic Age
9 Aquamarine, portrait of Julia daughter of the
emperor Titus
10 Chalcedony, portrait head, Hellenistic Age
11 Carnelian, bust portrait of the Roman emperor
Decius
12 Beryl, portrait of Julia Domna wife of the 12 Beryl, portrait of Julia Domna wife of the
emperor Septimius
Severus
13 Sapphire, head of the Madonna
14 Carnelian, the judgment of Paris, Renaissance
work
15 Rock crystal, Madonna with Jesus and St.
Joseph, probably Norman
Sicilian work]CONTENTS
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
LIST OF MAPS
LIST OF PLATES
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY
CHAPTER
I. THE AGES BEFORE HISTORY.
1. The Study of History 2. Prehistoric Peoples
3. Domestication of Animals and Plants 4.
Writing and the Alphabet 5. Primitive Science
and Art 6. Historic Peoples
II. THE LANDS AND PEOPLES OF THE EAST TO
ABOUT 500 B.C.
7. Physical Asia
8. Babylonia and Egypt
9. The Babylonians and the Egyptians
10. The Phoenicians and the Hebrews
11. The Assyrians
12. The World Empire of PersiaIII. ORIENTAL CIVILIZATION.
13. Social Classes 14. Economic Conditions
15. Commerce and Trade Routes 16. Law and
Morality 17. Religion 18. Literature and Art 19.
Science and Education
IV. THE LANDS OF THE WEST AND THE RISE
OF GREECE TO ABOUT 500 B.C.
20. Physical Europe 21. Greece and the
Aegean 22. The Aegean Age (to about 1100
B.C.) 23. The Homeric Age (about 1100-750
B.C.) 24. Early Greek Religion 25. Religious
Institutions—Oracles and Games 26. The
Greek City-State 27. The Growth of Sparta (to
500 B.C.) 28. The Growth of Athens (to 500
B.C.) 29. Colonial Expansion of Greece (about
750-500 B.C.) 30. Bonds of Union among the
Greeks
V. THE GREAT AGE OF THE GREEK
REPUBLICS TO 362 B.C.
31. The Perils of Hellas 32. Expeditions of
Darius against Greece 33. Xerxes and the
Great Persian War 34. Athens under
Themistocles, Aristides, and Cimon 35. Athens
under Pericles 36. The Peloponnesian War,
431-404 B.C. 37. The Spartan and Theban
Supremacies, 404-362 B.C. 38. Decline of the