The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 08 - The Later Renaissance: from Gutenberg to the Reformation

Charles F. (Charles Francis) Horne, John [Editor] Rudd, Rossiter Johnson

Informations

• Publié par: chowyug
• Publié le: 08 décembre 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 13
• Langue: English

Extrait

The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Events
by Famous Historians, Vol. 8, by Editor-in-Chief:
Rossiter Johnson
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at
no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever.
You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the
terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net
Title: The Great Events by Famous Historians, Vol.
8 The Later Renaissance: From Gutenberg To The
Reformation
Author: Editor-in-Chief: Rossiter Johnson
Release Date: November 17, 2003 [EBook #10103]
Language: English
*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG
EBOOK GREAT EVENTS V8 ***
Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Jayam
Subramanian and PG Distributed ProofreadersBINDING Vol. VIII
The binding of this volume is a facsimile of the
original in the British Museum, and is considered
the most artistic mosaic binding design in
existence.
It was executed about 1710, by Antoine Michel
Padeloup, Royal Binder of both France and
Portugal.
He presented it to Francoise Marie de Bourbon,
daughter of Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan,
on the anniversary of her marriage to Philippe,
Duke of Orleans, who afterward became Regent of
France.
During the Reign of Terror this volume found its
way to England, where it was sold at a handsome
price. It was bequeathed to the British Museum by
Felix Slade, Esq.THE GREAT EVENTS
BY
FAMOUS HISTORIANS
A COMPREHENSIVE AND READABLE
ACCOUNT OF THE WORLD'S HISTORY,
EMPHASIZING THE MORE IMPORTANT
EVENTS, AND PRESENTING THESE AS
COMPLETE NARRATIVES IN THE MASTER-
WORDS OF THE MOST EMINENT HISTORIANS
NON-SECTARIAN NON-PARTISAN NON-
SECTIONAL
ON THE PLAN EVOLVED FROM A CONSENSUS
OF OPINIONS GATHERED FROM THE MOST
DISTINGUISHED SCHOLARS OF AMERICA AND
EUROPE, INCLUDING BRIEF INTRODUCTIONS
BY SPECIALISTS TO CONNECT AND EXPLAIN
THE CELEBRATED NARRATIVES, ARRANGED
CHRONOLOGICALLY, WITH THOROUGH
INDICES, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, CHRONOLOGIES,
AND COURSES OF READING
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
ROSSITER JOHNSON, LL.D.ASSOCIATE EDITORS
CHARLES F. HORNE, Ph.D. JOHN RUDD, LL.D.
_With a staff of specialists
VOLUME VIII
The National Alumni_
1905CONTENTS
VOLUME VIII
An Outline Narrative of the Great Events
CHARLES F. HORNE
Origin and Progress of Printing (A.D. 1438)
HENRY GEORGE BOHN
John Hunyady Repulses the Turks (A.D. 1440-
1456) ARMINIUS VAMBERY
Rebuilding of Rome by Nicholas V, the "Builder-
pope" (A.D. 1447-1455) MRS. MARGARET
OLIPHANT
Mahomet II Takes Constantinople (A.D. 1453) End
of the Eastern Empire GEORGE FINLAY
Wars of the Roses (A.D. 1455-1485) Death of
Richard III at Bosworth DAVID HUME
Ivan the Great Unites Russia and Breaks the
Tartar Yoke (A.D. 1462-1505) ROBERT BELL
Culmination of the Power of Burgundy Treaty of
Péronne (A.D. 1468) P.F. WILLERT
Lorenzo de'Medici Rules in Florence Zenith of
Florentine Glory (A.D. 1469) OLIPHANT
SMEATONDeath of Charles the Bold (A.D. 1477) Louis XI
Unites Burgundy with the Crown of France
PHILIPPE DE COMINES
Inquisition Established in Spain (A.D.1480),
WILLIAM H. RULE JAMES BALMES
Murder of the Princes in the Tower (A.D.1483)
JAMES GAIRDNER
Conquest of Granada (A.D.1490) WASHINGTON
IRVING
Columbus Discovers America (A.D.1492)
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS FERDINAND
COLUMBUS
Conspiracy, Rebellion, and Execution of Perkin
Warbeck (A.D.1492) FRANCIS BACON
Savonarola's Reforms and Death The French
Invade Italy_ (A.D.1494) PASQUALE VILLARI
JEAN C. L. SISMONDI
Discovery of the Mainland of North America by the
Cabots (A.D.1497) SAMUEL EDWARD DAWSO
The Sea Route to India Vasco da Gama Sails
around Africa (A.D.1498) GASPAR CORREA
Columbus Discovers South America (A.D.1498)
CLEMENTS ROBERT MARKHAM
Establishment of Swiss Independence (A.D.1499)
HEINRICH ZSCHOKKEAmerigo Vespucci in America (A.D.1499)
AMERIGO VESPUCCI
Rise and Fall of the Borgias (A.D.1502) NICCOLO
MACHIAVELLI
Painting of the Sistine Chapel (A.D.1508) The
Splendor of Renaissance Art under Michelangelo
CHARLES CLEMENT
Balboa Discovers the Pacific (A.D.1513) MANUEL
JOSE QUINTANA
Universal Chronology (A.D.1438-1516) JOHN
RUDD
ILLUSTRATIONS
VOLUME VIII
_Murder of the princes, sons of King Edward IV, in
the Tower of London (page 194)1 Painting by Otto
Seitz.
Facsimile of a page from Caxton's Recuyell of the
Historyes of Troye—the first book printed in the
English language
Louis XI at his devotions in the castle of Péronne
while held a prisoner by Charles the Bold Painting
by Hermann Kaulbach.
Pope Sixties V and the Grand Inquisitor Painting byJean Paul Laurens.
AN OUTLINE NARRATIVE
TRACING BRIEFLY THE CAUSES,
CONNECTIONS, AND CONSEQUENCES OF
THE GREAT EVENTS
(THE LATER RENAISSANCE: FROM
GUTENBERG TO THE REFORMATION)
CHARLES F. HORNE
The Renaissance marks the separation of the
mediaeval from the modern world. The wide
difference between the two epochs of Teutonic
history arises, we are apt somewhat glibly to say,
from the fact that our ancestors worshipped and
were ruled by brute force, whereas we follow the
broad light of intellect. Perhaps both statements
require modification; yet in a general way they do
suggest the change which by a thousand different
agencies has, in the course of the last four
centuries, been forced upon the world. Mediaeval
Europe was a land not of equals, but of lords and
slaves. The powerful nobles regarded themselves
as of wholly different clay from the hapless
peasants whom they trampled under foot, serfs so
ignorant, so brutalized by want, that they wereignorant, so brutalized by want, that they were
often little better than the beasts with which they
herded. Gradually the tradesmen, the middle
classes, forced their way to practical equality with
the nobles. Then came the turn of the masses to
do the same. The beginnings of the merchants'
movement we have already traced in the preceding
volumes; the end of the peasants' effort is perhaps
even to-day scarce yet accomplished.
In dealing with modern history, therefore, every
writer is apt to begin with a different date. Some go
back as far as Petrarch, who reintroduced the
study of ancient art and learning; that is, they
regard our world as a direct continuation of the
Roman, with the thousand years of the Middle
Ages gaping between like an earthquake gulf of
barbarism, that was bridged at last. Some take the
invention of printing as a starting-point, feeling that
the chief element of our progress has been the
gathering of information by the poorer classes.
Some, looking to political changes, turn to the reign
of Louis XI of France, noting him as the first
modern king, or to the downfall of Charles the
Bold, the last great feudal noble. Others name later
starting-points such as the establishment of
modern art by Michelangelo and Raphael at Rome,
the discovery of America, with its opening of vast
new lands for the pent-up population of narrow
Europe, or the Reformation, which has been called
man's revolt against superstition, the establishment
of the independence of thought.
All of these epochs fall within the limits of the
Renaissance, and all, except that of Petrarch,