The History of Freedom

John Emerich Edward Dalberg Acton Acton

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• Publié par: aslu
• Publié le: 08 décembre 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 73
• Langue: English

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The Project Gutenberg EBook of The History of Freedom, by John Emerich Edward Dalberg-Acton This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: The History of Freedom Author: John Emerich Edward Dalberg-Acton Release Date: February 15, 2010 [EBook #31278] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE HISTORY OF FREEDOM *** Produced by Steven Giacomelli, Graeme Mackreth and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries) THE HISTORY OF FREEDOM AND OTHER ESSAYS MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED LONDON · BOMBAY · CALCUTTA MELBOURNE THE MACMILLAN COMPANY NEW YORK · BOSTON · CHICAGO ATLANTA · SAN FRANSISCO THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA LTD. TORONTO THE HISTORY OF FREEDOM AND OTHER ESSAYS BY JOHN EMERICH EDWARD DALBERG-ACTON FIRST BARON ACTON D.C.L., L.L.D., ETC. ETC. REGIUS PROFESSOR OF MODERN HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE EDITED WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY JOHN NEVILLE FIGGIS, Litt.D. SOMETIME LECTURER IN ST. CATHARINE'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE AND REGINALD VERE LAURENCE, M.A. FELLOW AND LECTURER OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED ST. MARTIN'S STREET, LONDON 1909 First Edition 1907 Reprinted 1909 PREFATORY NOTE The Editors desire to thank the members of the Acton family for their help and advice during the preparation of this volume and of the volume of Historical Essays and Studies. They have had the advantage of access to many of Acton's letters, especially those to Döllinger and Lady Blennerhasset. They have thus been provided with valuable material for the Introduction. At the same time they wish to take the entire responsibility for the opinions expressed therein. They are again indebted to Professor Henry Jackson for valuable suggestions. This volume consists of articles reprinted from the following journals: The Quarterly Review, The English Historical Review, The Nineteenth Century, The Rambler, The Home and Foreign Review, The North British Review, The Bridgnorth Journal. The Editors have to thank Mr. John Murray, Messrs. Longmans, Kegan Paul, Williams and Norgate, and the proprietors of The Bridgnorth Journal for their kind permission to republish these articles, and also the Delegacy of the Clarendon Press for allowing the reprint of the Introduction to Mr. Burd's edition of Il Principe. They desire to point out that in Lord Acton and his Circle the article on "The Protestant Theory of Persecution" is attributed to Simpson: this is an error. J.N.F. R.V.L. August 24, 1907. [Pg vii] CONTENTS PORTRAIT OF LORD ACTON CHRONICLE INTRODUCTION I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII. XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII. APPENDIX INDEX THE HISTORY OF FREEDOM IN ANTIQUITY THE HISTORY OF FREEDOM IN CHRISTIANITY SIR ERSKINE MAY'S DEMOCRACY IN EUROPE THE MASSACRE OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW THE PROTESTANT THEORY OF PERSECUTION POLITICAL THOUGHTS ON THE CHURCH INTRODUCTION TO L.A. BURD'S EDITION OF IL PRINCIPE BY MACHIAVELLI MR. GOLDWIN SMITH'S IRISH HISTORY NATIONALITY DÖLLINGER ON THE TEMPORAL POWER DÖLLINGER'S HISTORICAL WORK CARDINAL WISEMAN AND THE HOME AND FOREIGN REVIEW CONFLICTS WITH ROME THE VATICAN COUNCIL A HISTORY OF THE INQUISITION OF THE MIDDLE AGES. BY HENRY CHARLES LEA THE AMERICAN COMMONWEALTH. BY JAMES BRYCE HISTORICAL PHILOSOPHY IN FRANCE AND FRENCH BELGIUM AND SWITZERLAND. BY ROBERT FLINT CHRONICLE JOHN EMERICH EDWARD DALBERG-ACTON, born at Naples, 10th January 1834, son of Sir Ferdinand Richard Edward Dalberg-Acton and Marie de Dalberg, afterwards Countess Granville. 1843-1848. 1848-1854. 1855. 1858-1862. 1859-1865. 1862-1864. French school near Paris. Student at Oscott " " Edinburgh. " " Munich University, living with Döllinger. Visits America in company with Lord Ellesmere. Becomes editor of The Rambler. M.P. for Carlow. Founds, edits, and concludes The Home and Foreign Review. [Pg viii] Founds, edits, and concludes The Home and Foreign Review. 1864. Pius IX. issued Quanta Cura, with appended Syllabus Errorum. 1865-1866. M.P. for Bridgnorth 1865. Marries Countess Marie Arco-Valley. 1867-1868. Writes for The Chronicle. 1869. Created Baron Acton. 1869-1871. Writes for North British Review. 1869-1870. Vatican Council. Acton at Rome. Writes "Letters of Quirinus" in alleging Zeitung. 1872. Honorary degree at Munich. 1874. Letters to The Times on "The Vatican Decrees." 1888. Honorary degree at Cambridge. 1889. " " Oxford. 1890. Honorary Fellow of All Souls'. 1892-1895. Lord-in-Waiting. 1895-1902. Regius Professor of Modern History at Cambridge Honorary Fellow of Trinity College. 19th June 1902. Died at Tegernsee. INTRODUCTION The two volumes here published contain but a small selection from the numerous writings of Acton on a [Pg ix] variety of topics, which are to be found scattered through many periodicals of the last half-century. The result here displayed is therefore not complete. A further selection of nearly equal quantity might be made, and still much that is valuable in Acton's work would remain buried. Here, for instance, we have extracted nothing from the Chronicle; and Acton's gifts as a leader-writer remain without illustration. Yet they were remarkable. Rarely did he show to better advantage than in the articles and reviews he wrote in that short-lived rival of the Saturday Review. From the two bound volumes of that single weekly, there might be made a selection which would be of high interest to all who cared to learn what was passing in the minds of the most acute and enlightened members of the Roman Communion at one of the most critical epochs in the history of the papacy. But what could never be reproduced is the general impression of Acton's many contributions to the Rambler, the Home and Foreign, and the North British Review. Perhaps none of his longer and more ceremonious writings can give to the reader so vivid a sense at once of the range of Acton's erudition and the strength of his critical faculty as does the perusal of these short notices. Any one who wished to understand the personality of Acton could not do better than take the published Bibliography and read a few of the [Pg x] articles on "contemporary literature" furnished by him to the three Reviews. In no other way could the reader so clearly realise the complexity of his mind or the vast number of subjects which he could touch with the hand of a master. In a single number there are twenty-eight such notices. His writing before he was thirty years of age shows an intimate and detailed knowledge of documents and authorities which with most students is the "hard won and hardly won" achievement of a lifetime of labour. He always writes as the student, never as the littérateur. Even the memorable phrases which give point to his briefest articles are judicial, not journalistic. Yet he treats