The History of Woman Suffrage, Volume VI

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• Publié par: noshug
• Publié le: 08 décembre 2010
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• Langue: English
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Project Gutenberg's The History of Woman Suffrage, Volume VI, by Various
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Title: The History of Woman Suffrage, Volume VI
Author: Various
Editor: Ida Husted Harper
Release Date: September 21, 2009 [EBook #30051]
Language: English
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T H E H I S T O R Y
O FW OMAN S UFFRAGE
EDITED BY
IDA HUSTED HARPER
ILLUSTRATED WITH COPPERPLATE AND PHOTOGRAVURE
ENGRAVINGS
IN SIX VOLUMES
VOLUME VI
1900—1920
IN A TRUE DEMOCRACY EVERY CITIZEN HAS A VOTE
NATIONAL AMERICAN WOMAN SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION
COPYRIGHT, 1922, BY
NATIONAL AMERICAN WOMAN SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATIONMRS. CARRIE CHAPMAN CATT.
President of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance from its
founding in 1904 and of the National American Woman Suffrage
Association 1900-1904 and from 1915.
Standing in an automobile on the way from the railroad station in
New York after the campaign for ratification of the Federal
Suffrage Amendment was completed by Tennessee. (See page
652.)
[Pg iii]INTRODUCTION
WOMAN SUFFRAGE IN THE STATES OF THE UNION
In the preceding volume a full account is given of the forty years' continuous
effort to secure an amendment to the Federal Constitution which would confer
full suffrage on all the women of the United States possessing the qualifications
required of men. Antedating the beginning of this effort by thirty years was the
attempt to enfranchise women through the amendment of State constitutions.
After 1869 the two movements were contemporaneous, each dependent on the
other, the latter a long process but essential in some measure to the success of
the former. There is no way by which the progress of the movement for woman
suffrage can be so clearly seen as by a comparison of the State chapters in thisvolume with the State chapters in Volume IV, which closed with 1900. The
former show the remarkable development of the organized work for woman
suffrage, especially in the last decade, which brought the complete victory.
In Volume IV it was possible to give a résumé of the Laws specifically relating
to women and one was sent with each chapter for this volume. The space
occupied by the account of the work for the suffrage, however, made it
necessary to omit them. It required thousands of words to record the legislation
of the last twenty years relating especially to women in some of the States and
the large part of it to women in the industries, which they had scarcely entered
in 1900. The same is true of child labor. Every State shows a desire for
protective legislation. Many States provide for mothers' pensions, a modern
tendency. About half of the States now have equal guardianship laws. There is
a gradual increase in those enlarging the property and business rights of
[Pg iv]married women. The "age of consent" and the age for marriage have been
raised in most States where they were too low. In every State for a number of
years the large organizations of women have made a determined effort to
obtain better laws for women and children and Legislatures have yielded to
pressure. In every State as soon as women were enfranchised there was
improvement in laws relating to their welfare and that of children.
The Federal Woman Suffrage Amendment went into effect in August, 1920, and
the following winter there was a greater amount of advanced legislation in the
various States than had taken place in the preceding ten years collectively, and
the résumé of existing laws that had been prepared for this volume was soon at
least partially obsolete in many of them. A brief statement of Office Holding was
incorporated but its only value was in showing that in all States this was almost
exclusively limited to "electors." When the Federal Amendment was proclaimed
it carried with it eligibility to the offices. In some States it included Jury service
but in others it was held that for this special legislation was necessary. In all
States the professions and other occupations are open to women the same as
to men. In the way of Education every State University admits women, and the
vast majority of institutions of learning, except some of a religious character, are
co-educational. A few of the large eastern universities still bar their doors but
women have all needful opportunities for the higher education. Some
professional schools—law, medicine and especially theology—are still closed
to women but enough are open to them to satisfy the demand, and the same is
true of the technical schools. To meet the lack of space every chapter had to be
drastically cut after it was in type.
Women now have in a general sense equality of rights, although in every State
they have learned or will learn that this is not literally true and that further effort
will be required, but now, as never before, they are equipped for accomplishing
it. It will be a long time before they have equality of opportunity in the business
and political world but for the majority this will not be needed. Women will find,
however, that in the home, in club life and in all lines of religious, philanthropic,
educational and civic work the possession of a vote has increased their
influence and power beyond measure.[Pg v]TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
INTRODUCTION i
Position of women in regard to laws, office holding, education, etc.
CHAPTER I.
ALABAMA 1
Early work — Progress of organization — Conventions held, reports and
speeches made, activities of the association — Officers and workers —
Legislative action — Campaigns — Help of the National Association —
Action on ratification of the Federal Suffrage Amendment — Interest taken
by President Wilson, National Committees and party leaders —
Celebrations.
[This form is followed in all the State chapters, with names of officers,
workers, friends and enemies and many incidents; also results where
woman suffrage exists. The chapters are alphabetically arranged, I to
XLIX.]
CHAPTER L.
WOMAN SUFFRAGE IN THE TERRITORIES AND THE PHILIPPINES 713
ALASKA 713
Legislature gives suffrage to women — Privileges to Indian women —
Other laws — Women in prohibition campaign — Women's war work.
HAWAII 715
Congress refuses to let its Legislature control the suffrage — National
Suffrage Association protests — Its president, Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt,
at Honolulu — Mrs. Pitman, of Brookline, Mass., holds meetings there —
Legislature sends resolution to Congress — Senator John F. Shafroth gets
Bill through Congress — Efforts of Hawaiian women with their Legislature.
THE PHILIPPINES 719
The National Suffrage Association demands franchise for their women —
Governor General Taft and Archbishop Nozaleda support the demand —
The U. S. Congress ignores it — Position of Filipino women —
Commissioner's wife describes their efforts for the suffrage.
[Pg vi]PORTO RICO 722
Status of suffrage for men — They demand their own Legislature —
National Suffrage Association asks that women may share in the suffrage
— Senator Shafroth shows that it can not be put into the Bill — Efforts of
Porto Rican women with its Legislature.
CHAPTER LI.
GREAT BRITAIN 726Situation as to woman suffrage at commencement of the present century
— Status of the Bill in Parliament in the first decade — Premier
CampbellBannerman advises "pestering" — Strong hostility of Premier Asquith —
Beginning of "militancy" — Its effect on the suffrage movement — Mrs.
Fawcett's opinion — Constitutional societies repudiate it — Labor party
supports woman suffrage — Treachery in Parliament — The Conciliation
Bill — Women left out of the Franchise Reform Bill — Deputation to
Premier Asquith — Lloyd George's attitude — Speaker Lowther kills Bill —
Suffragists go into politics — Great suffrage "pilgrimage" — Outbreak of
war — Important war work of the suffrage societies — Coalition
Government — Conference Committee on Electoral Reform Bill — Premier
Asquith supports Woman Suffrage — Lloyd George becomes Premier —
Suffrage clause in Bill gets immense majority in House of Commons — Big
fight in House of Lords but goes through — Royal assent given — Two
women elected to House of Commons — Oxford University opened to
women.