Project Gutenberg's The Life of Admiral Viscount Exmouth, by Edward Osler This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: The Life of Admiral Viscount Exmouth Author: Edward Osler Release Date: March 5, 2006 [EBook #17929] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE LIFE OF ADMIRAL VISCOUNT *** Produced by Steven Gibbs, Martin Pettit and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
THE LIFE OF ADMIRAL VISCOUNT EXMOUTH BY EDWARD OSLER, E SQ . Foreveryvirtue,everywotrhrenowned, Sincere,plainhearted,hosptiable,kind; Yeiltkethemusteringthunderwhenprovoked, The dread of tyrants, and the true resource Ofthosewhoundergirmoppressiongroaned. T HOMSON . A New and Revised Edition. LONDON: GEO.ROUTLEDGE&CO,.FARRINGDON-STREET AND 18, BEEKMAN-STREET, NEW YORK. 1854 London: PirntedbyS TEWART and M URRAY , OldBalie.y TO THE NAVY, The Bulwark of their Country, AND WHOSE TRIUMPHS ARE THE PRIDE OF HER HISTORY, THIS WORK IS MOST RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED. PREFACE. Atthecommencementofhostiliites,whoseextentanddurationnonecanforesee,tiisthewisdomofthoseto whomEnglandwlilhereaftercommtithehonourofherFlagtostudywelltheexampleofthegreatsea-officers whoseservicesillustratetheannalsotfheircountry. Amongthesebrightexamples,noneismoreworthyofcarefulstudythanAdmiralLordExmouth.Enteirngthe servicearfiendlessorphan,thesuccesswhichheachievedbymertialoneismostencouragingtoallwho mustirsebytheirowndesetrs.Inhispefrectseamanship,hismasteryofallthatrelatestohisprofession,his zealandenergy,hisconsiderateforethough,thiscaretomakehiscrewsthoroughseamen,andtheexample bywhichhespurredandencouragedthem,thesecretmaybefound,notlessavaliabletoothers,ofhismany brliilantsuccesses,andofthelittlelosswithwhichheobtainedthem.Histrulyparentalcareforhisyoung ofifcerstotrainthemtotheirduitesandtoadvancetheirinterests,asconspicuouswhencommander-in-chief asinhisifrstfrigate,isalessonforallinauthorti.yNorwlilhispersonalquatiliesbelessadmired:the honourableindependencewhichhemaintainedasanofficerandapeer,andthemoralexcellencewhich markedhislfie,andwasfinallyprovedonhisdeath-bed. And here I may relate an anecdote, as the praise it gives is only for the subject of the biography, and for which IamindebtedtoVice-AdmiralSirFleetwoodPellew.Soonatferthefirstappearanceofthiswork,oneofthe ifrstofficersintheFrenchnav,yVice-AdmiralBergere,twhosenameappearsmorethanonceinthefollowing pages,presentedacopytoayoungrelaitvehewassendingtosea,andbadehimtolearnfromtheexample tiaffordedtobecomeallthathisirfendsandhiscountrycoulddesire. LordExmouth'sattackonAlgiers,themostmemorableoccasiononwhichmen-o-fwarhaveattacked foritifcations,ispeculiarlyinsrtucitvenow.Theimmediatedestructionoftheenem'ysworksopposedtothe QueenCharlotte ,andthecomparativeimpuntiyshethusobtained,showsthewisdomolfayingtheshipsas closeaspossible,wheretheconcentratedfireofherbatteriesmayoverwhelmtheenem,yanddesrtoythe fewgunswhichalonecanbeopposedtoher;whereas,byanchoringatadistance,theenem'ysgunsrfoma greatextentoftheworksmaybetrainedtobearonher,whileherownshotstirkewithuncertainaimand diminishedeffec.tTheresutlsofthislattercoursemaybelearntrfomthefateofthelfoaitngbatteriesatthe siegeofGibralta,randrfomthe I mpregnable at Algiers; the ships having anchored at too great a distance, wereexposedtoadestructivefire,whiletheirownattackwascomparaitvelyharmless. ThisbiographyofLordExmouthwaswtirtenatthedesireandundetrheeyeofhiseldestbrothei;rnyouthhis secondfather,andthroughlifehisconfidentialrfiend.Everyincidentrelatingtopointsofservicewassupplied orcorrectedbyofifcerspersonallyengaged;andthewholewasfinallyrevisedbyfourofficerswhowerethe mostconstantlyandinitmatelyacquaintedwiththeAdmiral—M.rGaze,masterofthelfeetinthe MediterraneanandatAlgiers,andwhosailedwtihhimineveryshipfrom1793tothelastdayofhis command;SirChirstopherColeandCaptainCrease,hisinitmatefirends;andhisonlysurvivingsaliorson, Captain,nowVice-AdmiralSirFleetwoodPellew. CONTENTS. PREFACE. CHAPTER.IFAMILYHISTOR.Y Bitrhandeducaiton—Anecdoteofearlydaring—EnterstheNavy—Leaveshisship,withoneofhis companions,atMarseilles—JoinstheBlonde ,CaptainPownoll—Hisacitvity—AnecdoteofGeneral Burgoyne—Instanceofexrtaordinaryboldness—CampaignontheLakesofCanada—Distinguishes himself in the actions, of October 11th and 13th, 1776—Complimented by Sir C. Douglas, Lord Howe, andEalrSandwich—AppointedtocommandtheCarleton —Nearly takes General Arnold—Narrowly escapesbeingmadeprisoner—CommandsabirgadeofseameninBurgoyne'scampaign—Indanger ofkliilnghisbrother—Eventsofthecampaign—Constructsabridge,bywhichthearmycrossesto Saratoga—Hisbrotherkliledinaciton—Recapturesaprovisionvesserflomtheenemy—Admittedtothe CouncilofWar,andpleadsthatthesaliorsmaybeexemptedfromthecaptiulation—Senthomewith despatchesinartansport—Defendsheragainstaprivateer—PromotedtobeaLieutenan.t CHAPTER.II HIS SERVICES FROM 1778 TO 1791. Inlfuenceofthelatecampaignsonhischaracter—Hisexrtaordinarysrtengthandactivity—Narrow escapesrfomdrowning—Appointedtoaguard-ship—Pressesforactiveemploymen,tandproposesto resign his commission—Appointed to the Licorne —BecomesFirstLieutenantotfheApo ll o , Captain Pownoll—ActionwtihtheStanislaus ,Frenchirfgate;CaptainPownollkliled,enemydirvenonshore —HisletterontheoccasiontoEarlSandwich—PromotedtobeaCommander—Anecdoteinrelaitonto his promotion—Appointed to the Hazard —Appointed to the Pelican —Gallantaciton—Promotedtobea Post-Captain—-AppointedtothetemporarycommandotfheAtrois —Captures an enemy's cruiser —AnecdoteofCaptainMacbirde—Marirage—AppointedtotheWinchelsea firgate—Conductinher —Appointed to the Sailsbury ,Vice-AdmiralMilbanke—AnecdoteofLordThurlow. CHAPTER.IIITHE NYMPHE AND CLEOPATRA. Becomesafarmer—Remarksonnavalofficers'farming—Hisllisuccess—Omenofhisfuturefotrune —OfferedacommandintheRussianNavy—Remarksonservingforeignstates—WarotfheFrench Revolution—Appointed to the Nymphe 36-gunrfigate—EntersanumberofCornishminersforher —Cornishminers—EquipmentandmovementsotfheNymphe —CaptainIsraelPellewjoinsherasa volunteer—SalisfromFalmouth—Remarkabledreamofoneotfheofifcers—FallsinwtihtheCleopatra ; herhighstateofequipment—Gallantryofbothships—CapofLibetry—Action—DeathoftheFrench Captain,Mullon;hisheroism—CaptainPellew'slettertohisbrother. CHAPTER IV. THE WESTERN SQUADRONS. Presented to the King and knighted—His liberality to the widow of Captain Mullon—Use of carronades —HesuggeststheemploymentoifndependentsquadronsinthewesternpartoftheChannel,tocheck theenem'yscruisingfrigates—Valueofthesesquadrons—AppointedtotheArethusa ,andjoinsSirJ.B. Warren'ssquadron—AcitonofApril23rd,1794—EngagesandcapturesLa Pomone —AcitonofAugust 23rd,1794Asecondsquadronfttiedou,tandplacedunderhisorders— Atrois and Revolutionaire ; chivarlousconductofSirSidneySmtih—ConveysimpotrantinteillgencetotheAdmiratly—Appointedto the I ndefatigable ,44—HisdisputewtihtheNavyboard—Allowedtoiftheraccordingtohisownplans —Successofthem—Accuracyofhisjudgmentonaship'squailites— Indefatigable strikes on a rock —SirEdwardnealrylositnattempitngtosavetwoofhispeople—Hissuccessondffierentoccasionsin savingilves—WreckoftheDutton atPlymouth—Heboardshe,randsavesallthepeople—Hisrepotrof the service—Honours and rewards; created a Baronet—Captain Cole, and L'Unité Frenchirfgate—Sir Edward'slettersontheoccasiontoEarlsChathamandSpencer—NoitceofCaptainCole—Hisdeath, and Sir Edward's feeling—Action of I ndefaitgable and La Virginie —Conductandgallanrtyofher Captain,Bergere.t CHAPTER V. EXPEDITION AGAINST IRELAND. Stateofpatries—Enemy'spreparaitonsforinvasion—ReflectionsonIreland—LordExmouth'sopinion ontheRomanCatholicquestion—SirE.PellewwatchesBrestwithhisfrigates—Hisperseveranceand hardihood—Sailingotfheexpedition—Heembarrassestismovements—ArirvesinEngland —MisfortunesoftheBiritshlfeet—EnemyarirveatBanrtyBay—Preventedfromlanding,anddrivenoff thecoastbygales—Relfecitonsonthefaliureoftheexpedition—SirEdwardputstoseawiththe Indefatigable and Amazon —Meets and engages the Droitsde'lHomme ,74—Findshimseflonalee-shore,haulsof,fandsavestheIndefatigable wtihdifficulty— Amazon wrecked—Admirable conduct of herofifcersandcrew— Drotisde'lHomme wrecked—Horriblecircumstanceofhefrate—Anecdoteof the French Commodore—Eventual fate of the Captain of the Amazon . CHAPTER VI. THEMUTIN.Y RemarksonSirEdward'scharacterasaseamanandanofifcer—Hisconductwhenhisshipwasonfire —Hisconsideraitonforhisofficersandmen—TheDukeofNorthumberland—MutinyatSpithead —PreparaitonsforasecondinvasionorIfeland—GeneralDaendels—Proposedexpedtiionbaflfed—Sir EdwardoffBrest—ProposestoburntheFrenchfleet—Successincapturingtheenemy'scruisers— La Vaillante —RoyalistpirestsandMadameRovère—Hisilberailty—AppointedtoLI'mpetueux , 78—Her mutinous state—Observations on the mutinies in the Navy, from 1797—Sir Edward's opinions on the subject—Hisprecauitons—AttemptedmutinyintheIndefatigable —Conspiracy in the Channel fleet —Mutiny on board the Impetueux —Hisfirmnessandprompttiudeinsuppressingti—Cou-trmaitral—Earl S.tVincen'tsopinionofhisconduct—Hisconductattheexecuiton—Hisdecisiononthecour-tmaitralon amutineer—Illustrativeanecdote—HecommandsanexpeditiontoQuiberon—Proposestoattack Belleisle—CruisesoffPotrLouis—Mr.CoghlancutsoutLa Cerbère —He directs the landing of the army atFerro.l CHAPTERV.II BLOCKADEOFFERROL.—PARLIAMENTARYHISTOR.Y Peace—MadeColonelofMairnes—Hispopulartiy—Envyinconsequence—Anecdote—ElectedM.P.for Barnstaple—Stateofpatries—Renewalofhostliiites—AppointedtotheTonnant , 80—Pursues a Dutch squadron—BlockadesaFrenchsquadroninFerrol—Hisseamanshipandexeitronsinmaintainingthe blockade—Diiffcultyofsupplyingtheships—Hisrecall—EalrS.tVincent'snavalreforms—Mr.P'ttis opposition—Navalinquiry,March15,1804—SirEdward'sspeech—tIseffect—PromotedtobeaRear-Admira,landappointedtobeCommanderi-n-chiefinIndia. CHAPTERV.III SIR EDWARD'S COMMAND IN INDIA. CharacterrequiredforaCommander-in-chief—HostlitiyofthenewMinistry—Sir.TTroubirdgesentto takethemorevaluablepatrofthecommand—OversightoftheAdmiratly—Disputebetweenthetwo admirals—SirEdwardconifrmedinhiscommand—MelancholyfateoftheBlenheim , Sir T. Troubridge —Sir Edward sends Captain Troubridge in search of his father—Actions in the Indian Seas— San Fiorenzo and Psyché — Piedmontaise and Warren Hastings —FerocityoftheFrenchifrstileutenant,and Sir Edward's general order in consequence— San Fiorenzo and Piedmontaise —French privateers —Murderous contest between the Victor andMalaypirates—AttackonBataviaRoads,anddestruciton otfheshipping—CaptainFleetwoodPellewatSamarang—AttackonGriessée,anddesrtucitonofthe line-ofbatlteships—SirEdward'sprotecitonofcommerce—Convoysystem—Resolutionsofthe Bombaymerchants—Hiscareofthelfeet—EstabilshesanavalhospitalatMadras—Punishmen:tSir Edward's regulations—Encounters a hurricane on his homeward voyage. CHAPTER IX. NORTH SEA AND FIRST MEDITERRANEAN COMMANDS. DecilnesanoffertobesecondincommandintheMedtierranean—Commander-in-chiefintheNotrh Sea;hisacitvtiyandenergy—ReceivestheMediterraneancommand—AffairoffToulon—His expectationsofabatlte—Dispositionofhisforce—Systemofthefleet—Hisattenitontodiscipline;to economy—FrigateaffairsoffToulon—Careofhisoiffcers—NatureoftheserviceintheMediterranean —Dairngofthecrews—Effectoftheirsuccesses—Diplomaitcresponsiblitiy—SirEdward'sanxietyfora battle—AnecdoteofNapoleon—AffairofNovember5th,1813—ofFebruary13th,1814—Captureof Genoa—Peace. CHAPTER X. SECOND MEDITERRANEAN COMMAND. Sir Edward created Baron Exmouth—His letter on the occasion—Made Knight of the Bath—Renewal of hostliiites—ResumesthecommandintheMedtierranean—ServicesatNaples—ServicesatMarseilles —InsrtuctedtonegotiatewtihtheBarbaryPowers—AnecdoteofthePope—Causesthecityand defencesofAlgierstobesurveyed—Previousignoranceotfheplace—Generalordertothefleet —PeacemadewithAlgiers—AboilitonofslaveryatTunisandTripoil—SecondvisttioAlgiers—Violent discussions,negotiationbrokenof,fdangerofthepart,yhostileproceedings—Negoitaitonrenewed —Arrangement—LordExmouth'sanxietyathavingexceededhisinsrtucitons—DebateintheHouseof Commons—MassacreatBona—DeterminationoftheGovernmenttoenforcetheaboitilonofChrisitan slavery. CHAPTER XI. THE BATTLE OF ALGIERS. Descriptionotfhedefences—ForcedemandedbyLordExmouth—SurpriseoftheAdmiratlyatthesmall forceherequired—LordExmouth'sconfidence—Hisentiresaitsfacitonwtihthearrangementsofthe Admiratly—Herefusestoallowhisrelaitonstoaccompanyhim—Hisprompttiude—Salis—Preparations forthebattle—ADutchsquadronjoinsatGibratlar—PreparationsmadebytheAlgeirnes—Paitrcularsof thebatlte—Fleethaulsoff—LordExmouth'sconductafterthebattle—Hisverynarrowescapes —Submissionoftheenemy—LordExmouth'saccountofthebattle,inapirvateletter—Closingremarks. CHAPTERXII. LORD EXMOUTH'S RETIREMENT AND DEATH. Honourspaidhim—Hisexertionsforhisoiffcers—ThanksofPalriament—Acitvityofhismind —CommandatPlymouth—TiralotfheQueen—Hisunpopularity,andremarksonti—Hisindependence inpoitilcs—Catholicquestion—Hisreilgiousprinciplesandconduct—Peaceofhisdecilningyears —Anxiety for the safety of the country—Death of his daughter—Death of his grandchild; his reflection on theoccasion—MadeVice-AdmiralofEngland—DeathofSirIsraelPellew—LordExmouth'sattachment to the Church, and confidence in God's protection of it—His last illness and death. THE LIFE OF ADMIRAL VISCOUNT EXMOUTH CHAPTER I. FAMILY HISTORY. ThefileandservicesofLordExmouthareofnocommoninteres;tnotmorebecausehehasadvancedthe reputaitonofhiscounrty,andconnectedhisnamewtihherhistor,ythanthathebeganhiscareeranalmost unfirendedorphan,androsetothehighesthonoursofhisprofessionwithouthavingbeenindebtedtofotrune ortopatronage.Oneofthemostinterestingspectaclesisthatofrisingmeritstruggilngrfomtisdiiffculites. Themostencouraging,isthehonourwhichrewardstisexetrions.Theyoungofficer,who,ilkehim,has devotedhimselftoanarduousservice,wtihnothingtorelyonbuthissword,maydeirveinstructionrfomhis example,andencouragemenftromhissuccess. EdwardPellew,ViscountExmouth,descendedrfomafamliywhichwassettledinthewestofCornwallfor manycenturies,butcameoriginallyrfomNormandy,wherethenameissitllmetwith.Afterthecloseotfhewar hereceivedaletterrfomafamliythere,claimingkindred,andoffeirngthenameandarmorialbeairngsin proof.Theoirginalotrhograph,y"Pelleu,"wasretaineduntilacomparaitvelyrecentperiod.Theyaresaidto havelandedatPengersickCastle,nearSt.Michae'lsMoun,tandappeatrohaveremainedinthatpartofthe countyunittlhebeginningofthe17thcentury.TheyhadafamilytombinBreage,aparishontheeasternside oftheMoun'tsBay,inwhichtheyhadacquiredpropetry,andtheysllitpossessasmallestateinthat neighbourhood.Patrofthisearlyhistoryti,wlilbeseen,canrestonlyuponrtadtiion;andindeed,itisofvery iltlteimpotrance.Theweaknessofseekingcreditrfomremoteancestors,foronewhosepersonalhonours requirenofutrherillusrtation,maywellbeexploded.Butthereisonekindofancestrywhereaninquirywlli alwaysbeinteresitng—thatwherethetraitswhichdisitnguishedthefounderofafamliymaybetracedinthe character of his forefathers. TheealriestofthefamilyofwhomanythingiscetrainlyknownlivedduirngthegreatrebelilonatPlymouth, where his loyalty made him so obnoxious to the republicans, that the mob on one occasion assaulted him on theHoe,andplunderedhishouse.Asmallpieceofantiqueplate,sitllpreserved,andbeairngthedate1645, wastheonlyatricleofvaluesavedfromthem.Hisson,CaptainPellew,LordExmouth'sgrea-tgrandfathe,r servedinthenavyduirngthewarofthesuccession.Averyfineporrtaitofhimremains. HumphryPellew,thegrandfathe,rwasanextensivemerchan.tHeheldalargepropetryinshipping,and tradedchielfytoAmerica,wherehehadpurchasedavaluabletobaccoplantaitonof2,000acres,inKent Island,Maryland.Ofthisestate,uponwhichthetownofAnnapoilsRoyalispaltrybui,tlthewirtingsremain,but thepropetrywaslostattherevotlofthecolonies.NoportionofthecompensationfundvotedbyParliament wasinthisinstanceeverreceived;andGeneralWashingtonafterwardsdeclaredtoarfiendofthefamily,that the fact of three of the brothers having borne arms against the States would prevent the success of any applicaitontotheAmericanGovernmen.t Mr.PellewbuitlpatrofFlushing,alargevillageontheshoresofFalmouthharbour,includingthepresent
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manor-house,inwhichheresided;butthis,beingleaseholdpropetr,yhaslongagorevertedtothelord.In 1692,hemariredJudithSparnon,ofSparnonandPengell,yinBreage,bywhomhehadsixsonsandfive daughters. Mr. Pellew maintained a high character through life, and his memory was long preserved among theolderinhabtiantsofthevillage.Hediedin1721.HissonIsraelmarriedMissTrefusis,uponwhomthe estate of Trefusis, which includes Flushing, was entailed, in default of more direct heirs from the then possessor;ThomasmariredMissWhittake,rwhowasgrand-daughterofViscountFauconbergbyadaughter ofCromwe;llthreediedunmarired;andthechildrenoftheyoungestsonwereatlengththeonlymalesurvivors ofthefamliy. Samuel,youngestsonofHumphryPellew,commandedaPos-tofifcepacketontheDoverstaitont,owhichhe had been appointed through the interest of the Spencer family. He was a man of great determination, and becameinconsequencethesubjectofacharacterisitcsong,whichwaslongrememberedbythewatermen and others at Calais. The recollections of his family, and documents which have been preserved, show him to havebeenmostexemplaryinthedutiesofprivateilfe.In1652,hemariredConstanceLangford,daughterof EdwardLangford,Esq.,agentlemandescendedfromaconsiderablefamliyinWiltshire.Theco-heiressof EdwardLangford,Esq.,ofTrowbirdge;mariredHenryHyde,ofHinton,fatherofthegreatEalrofClarendon, andbythemarriageofhergrand-daughterwtihJamesII.becametheancestorofQueenMaryandQueen Anne.Thusconnectedbyblood,aswellasattachedbyprincipletotheexiledfamli,yM.rLangfordjoinedthe standardotfhePretenderin1715,anddisitnguishedhimselfatthebaltteofPreston.AtfetrheRebellionwas suppressed,heescapedtothewestofCornwall,andsetltedatPenzance.ThePretendertookanoppotrunity toacknowledgehisservicesbyapresentofcostlychina.Hisdaughte,rMrs.Pellew,wasawomanof exrtaordinaryspiir.tM.rPellew'spoilticalfeelingsdffieredwidelyfromthoseofhisfatheri-nl-aw.Itwashis practicetomakehischlidrendirnktheking'shealthontheirkneeseverySunday.Hediedin1765l,eavingsix children,fourofthemboys,ofwhomtheeldestwasatthatitmeelevenyearsold,andLordExmouth,the second,onlyeigh.tThreeyearsafte,ranimprudentmarirageofthewidowdeprivedthechildrenoftheir remainingparent,andthrewthemuponthewolrdwithscantyresources,andalmostwithoutafirend. tIhasbeenwellobserved,thatageneralcondtiionofdistinguishedeminenceistoberequiredtoforceaway totithroughdfiifcutlies.Desertionatanealryageindeedsubjectstheindividualtoamostseverertia;lbut wherethereisstrengthtobeatrhediscipilneti,exaltsthepirnciplewhichtifailstosubdue,andaddsforceto theenergieswhichticannottame.ThePellewswereprobablyindebtedformuchotfheirsuccess,aswellas forthefealressindependencewhichdistinguishedthem,tothecircumstanceswhichthuscompelledthem fromchlidhoodtorelyonlyuponthemselves. Samuel Humphry, the eldest brother, was intended for the navy, and was borne on the books of H.M.S. Seaford ,CaptainMacbride.Butafterwardsdevotinghimsefltomedicine,hebecameoneoftheeailrest puplisofJohnHunte,rwtihHome,Pitcairn,andBaliile,forhisclass-fellows.Afterservingforsometimeasa surgeonofmarines,andassistantsurgeontotheDockyardatPlymouth,herelinquishedapatrnershipwith Dr.Geach,oftheRoyalHospita,landsettledatTruro,whereheobtainedaconsiderableandlucrative practice.HefinallybecamecollectorofthecustomsatFalmouth.Gfitedwithaclearandacitvemind,hedid notconfinehimselftotherouitneofhisofficialduites,andhissuggestionsonseveralimportantsubjectswere adopted by the Government. The Quarantine Law of 1800 was first proposed by him, and framed chiefly on his suggestions; as well as a tonnage duty by which the charges of the quarantine establishment were covered. The convoy duty was also imposed on his recommendation; and he first proposed the plan of warehousinggoodsinbond,andwasmuchconsultedduirngthepefrecitngofthemeasure,bywhichsogreat facilitieshavebeenaffordedtothertadeofthecounrty—tothemerchan,treileffromthenecessityolfocking uplargeamountsofcaptia;ltotheconsumer,cheapness,andasecurtiyagainstadulteraiton.M.rPellew servedathisposttillhewasfourscoreyearsold,andforyearsbeyondthat,heretainedtherfeshnessof feeling and enthusiasm of youth. He died in his 90th year. Israelt,hethirdbrother,bornAugust25th,1758,wassenttoseaatanearlyage.Heservedwithdistinctionin theAmeircanwar,andwasoneoftheofifcersenrtustedwiththedefenceofposts,whentheComted'Estaign appearedoffNewYork.Promotedtobeaileutenan,thecutoutavesselsowellprotectedbybatteries,that hisbrotheroiffcersthoughtitaservicetoodesperatetobeattempted.Incommandofthearmedcutter Resolution ,heengagedandcapturedintheNotrhSea,theDutchpirvateerFlushinger , of fourteen guns, whichhadprovedsodestructiveacruize,rthatthemerchantsofHullmemoirailzedtheAdmiratlyinhisfavour; andKeppell,theFirstLord,continuedhimforthreeyearsincommandofthecutter,notwtihstandingthe signatureofpeacethedaybeforetheaction,expresslytorewardhisgallanrtyandsuccess.Hewasmadea commanderin1790.Hewaspassengerinhisbrothe'rsrfigatetheNymphe , when she gave the first earnest ofthenavalsuccessesofthewa,rbythecaptureoftheCleoparta ;andheconrtibutedmuchtothebirlliant resultoftheaciton,bytakingchargeoftheafterquatrer-deckgun,withwhichhedisabledtheenemy'swheel. Forthisservicehewasatoncepromotedandappointedtoaship,andhecontinuedtobesoacitvely employed,thatheneveroncesawhisfamily,itllatferthepeace.InSeptembe,r1796,hisship,theAmphion , 32-gunfrigate,blewupwhilealongsidethehulkinHamoaze,andnealryallonboard,about300,perished. Captain Pellew was at the moment at dinner in his cabin, with Captain Swafneld, of the Overysse , l 64, and theifrstileutenan.tAttheshockoftheexplosion,whichtookplaceintheforemagazine,CaptainPellew,and thelieutenantsprangintothequatrergallery,andwerethrownintothewaterandsaved;CaptainSwaffield peirshed. Soonatfertherenewalofhositilites,hewasappointedbyEarlS.tVincenttotheConqueror , one of the largestandmostpowerfulseventyf-ou'rsintheNavy.Shecarriedtwentyf-ourpoundersonherupperdeck, there being only fourteen ships, out of 100 of the same nominal force, which were so heavily armed. In her he sharedwithNelsonthechaseofthecombinedlfeettotheWestIndiesandback,andtookavery distinguishedpartinthebattleofTrafalgar.Following,abreastoftheLeviathan , the three leading ships of Nelson's column, she engaged, captured, and took possession of the Bucentaure , flagship of the commanderi-n-chiefoftheenemy,Vllieneuve;andsheafterwardsassistedinthecaptureoftheSantissima Tirnidada , and I ntrepide .In1807,stlliincommandoftheConqueror ,CaptainPellewjoinedinsavingthe fleetandroyaflamliyofPortugal,whentheFrench,underJunot,enteredLisbon;andafterwardsinblockading aRussiansquadronofninesailoftheilneintheTagus,tillthevictoryofVimieraplacedtheminthehandsof the B ir it sh. He became rear-admiral in July 1810, and on his brother being appointed commander-in-chief in the MediterraneaninthefollowingMa,yhesaliedwithhimascaptainofthefleet,tothecloseofthewar.Onthe returnofNapoleonfromElba,herejoinedhisbrotherinthesamecapacit,yhaving,ontheextensionofthe OrderoftheBath,beenappointedaknigh-tcommander.Hislastservicewastotakeachiefpatrinthe negotiationswtihtheBarbaryPowers,fortheabandonmentofChristianslavery,in1816.LordExmouth wouldnotallowhim,oranyofhisfamil,ytoaccompanyhimtotheattackonAlgiers,intheautumnofthatyear. He died at Plymouth, June 19th, 1832, only seven months before his brother Lord Exmouth. John,theyoungestbrother,enteredthearm.yWhliestlliayouth,hebecameaide-de-camptoGeneralPhillips inBurgoyne'scampaign,andwaskliledinthebattleofSaratoga. Edward,thesecondsonofSamuelandConstancePellew,wasbornatDover,Apirl19,1757.Hewas namedafterhismaternalgrandfather,andasthereappearedaiftrstbuttiltleprobabiiltythathewouldilve,he wasbaptizedonthesameda.yBeforehewasquiteeightyearsold,helosthisfather.Thewidowthen removedwithherfamliytoPenzance,wherehewasplacedatschoolwiththeRe.vJamesParkins,the clergymanoftheparish.Herehegavearemarkableproofofadaringspiir.tAhouse,inwhichwasa considerablequanttiyofgunpowder,tookfire;andwhlieeveryoneelsewasafraidtoapproach,hewent aloneintotheburninghouseandbroughtoutallthepowder.Hewasatferwardssenttothegrammarschoolat Truro,ofwhichtheRev.Mr.Cononwasheadmaste,runderwhomhemadeasaitsfactoryprogress,and beforeheleftcouldreadliyconsrtueVirgli.Asitwasthenthegeneralpracitceinschoolstoallowtheboysto settletheirowndisputes,thefearlessnessofhischaracter,andastrengthbeyondhisyears,enabledhimto maintainaveryrespectablepostiionamonghisschoo-lfellows.Atlength,havinginilfcteduponsome opponentamoreseverepunishmentthanwasusualinjuvenliecombatst,hefactcameunderthecognizance ofthemaster,andtoescapeathreatenedlfogging,heranawayHetoldhiselderbrother,whohadnowtoact asheadofthefamily,thathewouldnotreturntoschooltobefloggedfofrighting,butwouldgotoseadireclty. Happily,hisincilnaitonswereindulged,thoughhisgrandfathe,rwhowishedhimtobeplacedinamerchant's office,stronglyopposedthestep."So,sir,"saidtheoldgenlteman,whentheboycamewtihhisbrothersto takeafarewelldinnerwtihhim,"theyaregoingtosendyoutosea.Doyouknowthatyoumaybeanswerable foreveryenemyyoukill?and,fiIcanreadyourcharacter,youwillklliagreatmany!""Well,grandpapa," repliedyoungPellew,"andifIdonotkitllhem,they'llkillme!" He entered the navy towards the end of 1770, in the Juno ,CaptainStot,twhichwassenttotheFalkland Islands, in consequence of the forcible seizure of them by the Spanish squadron. It is remarkable that this paltrydispute,whichmightbealmostforgottenbutforthevirulentinvecitveof"Junius,"andthemastelry defenceoftheGovernmentbyDr.Johnson,shouldhavegiventothenavytwosuchoiffcersasNelsonand Pellew;netiherofwhommightotherwisehavefoundanopportunitytojointheserviceuntlitheyweretooold, inthefiveyearsofpeacewhichfollowed.AtfertheJuno had been paid off, Captain Stott was appointed to the Alarm ,inwhichMr.PellewfollowedhimtotheMedtierranean,whereanunpleasantdifferencewtihhis commander made him leave the ship. Captain Stott, who had been a boatswain with Boscawen, was an excellentseaman,butunfotrunatelyretainedsomehabitsnotsuitedtohispresentrank.Hekeptamistress on board. Among the midshipmen was a boy named Frank Cole, who was three years younger than Mr. Pellew,buthadenteredonboardtheJuno at the same time. Mr. Pellew was warmly attached to him. The woman had some pet fowls, which were allowed to fly about; and one day, when the ship was at Marseilles, andthecaptainabsent,oneofthemwasdirvenoffthequarter-deckbyyoungCole,whichledtogreatabuse rfomthewoman,andasharpreplyrfomtheboy.Whenthecaptainreturned,hebecamesomuchenragedby herrepresentaitons,thathenotonlyreprimandedtheyoungsterseverelyforwhathetermedhisinsolence, butsofarforgothimselfastogivehimablow.Thiswasnottobeborne,andhavingconsutledhisfriend Pellew,heappliedforhisdischarge.CaptainStottorderedaboatimmediately,forthepurpose,ashesaid, ofturninghimonshore.Pellewinstanltywenttothecaptain,andsaid,"IfFrankColeistobeturnedoutofthe ship,Ihope,si,ryouwlilturnmeouttoo."Theirspitiredconductattractedthenoitceofthetwolieutenants, KeppelandLordHughSeymou,randlaidthefoundationofafriendshipwhichcontinuedthroughlife:and LordHughSeymour,ifndingthattheboyshadnomoney,verykindlygavethemanorderonhisagentat Marseilles.CaptainStottafterwardsrtiedtoinducethemtoreturn,butnotsucceeding,hegavethemthe highesttestimonialsoftheirabitilyanddesert,sayingthathebeilevedthattheywouldbecomeanhonourto theservice.Mr.Pellewfoundamasterofamerchantvesselonshore,whohadknownhisfamliyatDove,r andnowofferedtotakehimtoLisbon,butdeclinedtoaccommodateasecondpassenger.Mr.Pellew pleadedsoearnesltyforhisyoungfirend,andsoposiitvelyrefusedtoleavehim,thattheotheratlength consented to give them both a passage. From Lisbon they reached Falmouth in one of the packets. Little couldhethensupposethathewasnexttoseeMarseillesasacommander-in-chief,andonedaytosaveit fromdesrtuciton.Twelveyearsafter,whenhehadbecomeapostcaptain,andwasincommandofthe Winchelsea ,hetookunderhisprotectionasonofCaptainSto,ttwhowasthendead,anddideverythingin his power to promote the young man's interests. tIwasnowhishappinesstosaliintheBlonde ,wtihCaptainPownoll,anofifcerwhohadbeenrtainedand brought forward by Admiral Boscawen, and whose character was among the highest in the service. Captain Pownollsoonappreciatedthemertiandpromiseofhismidshipman,whoreturnedhiskindnesswithalmost theaffectionofason.Suchmutualconifdenceandattachmentbetweenacaptainandhismidshipmanhas veryrarelybeenmetwith;andtiwaspecuilarlyfortunateforM.rPellew,thathisquickanddetermined character,which,wtihajudgmentnotyetmaturedbyexperience,mighthavecariredhimintomistakes,found aguidesokindandjudiciousasCaptainPowno.ll Andheretiwlilnotbeuninterestingtoobservehowfartheinfluenceofagreatcommandermayextend.S.t VincentandPownoll,whowerebroughtupunderBoscawen,andreceivedtheirlieutenan'tscommissions rfomhim,conirtbutedmateirallytoformaNelsonandanExmouth;eachthefounderofaschoolofofifcers, whose model is the character of their chief, and their example his successes. Acitvebeyondhiscompanions,anddevotedtohisprofession,hesoonbecameathoroughseaman;while thebuoyancyofyouth,andhisplayful,fearlessspirti,promptedhimcontinuallytofeatsofexrtaordinary daring.Inthespringof1775,GeneralBurgoynetookhispassagetoAmeircaintheBlonde , and when he came alongside, the yards were manned to receive him. Looking up, he was surprised and alarmed to see a midshipman on the yard-arm standing on his head. Captain Pownoll, who was at his side, soon quieted his apprehensions,byassuringhimthattiwasonlyoneotfherfolicsofyoungPellew,andthattheGeneralmight makehimseflqutieateaseforhissafet,yforfiheshouldfall,hewouldonlygoundertheship'sbottom,and comeupontheotherside.Whatonthisoccasionwasprobablyspokenbuitnjes,twasatferwardsmorethan realized;forheactuallysprangfromthefore-yardoftheBlonde ,whileshewasgoingfastthroughthewate,r andsavedamanwhohadfallenoverboard.CaptainPownollreproachedhimforhisrashness,butheshed tearswhenhespokeofttiotheofficers,anddeclaredthatPellewwasanoblefellow. TherevotloftheAmeircancolonies,whichroseinthisyeartotheimportanceofanaitonalwa,rwassoonto furnishhimwtihobjectsworthyofhissklilandcourage.Onthe10thofMaytheAmericanssurprised Ticonderoga, and, having secured the command of Lake Champlain by a strong squadron, were enabled to prosecuteoffensiveoperaitonsagainstCanada.SirGuyCalreton,thegovernorandcommanderi-n-chiefof thatprovince,hadveryinadequatemeanstodefendti.TheenemytookMontreal,andinthebeginningof DecemberlaidsiegetoQuebec,expectinganeasyconquest;buttheircommande,rGeneralMontgomery, whohadsummonedSirGuyCarletoninthemostarrogantandthreateningstyle,wasklliedonthe31st,in attemptingtostormtheplace,andhisrtoopswererepulsed.Thesiege,howeve,rwasconitnuedbyArnold,tlil CommodoreSirChalresDouglas,intheIsis , with two other ships under his Orders, forced his way through the ice, much before the season at which the river is usually open. His appearance drove the besiegers to a hastyfilght,inwhichtheysufferedsuchextremeprivaitons,especiallytheirsickandwounded,thatGeneral Carletonmosthumanelyissuedaproclamaiton,inwhichheorderedthemtoberteatedasfellow-creaturesin disrtess;andencouragedthemtoclaimtheofferedhospitatily,byassuringthemthattheyshouldbe uncondtiionallyliberatedassoonastheywereabletoreturnhome.Atthesametime,withenergyequaltohis humanti,yhehastenedtocompletethedeilveranceoftheprovince.Additionalreinforcementswhichreached him in the spring enabled him to give the enemy a final defeat at Trois Rivières in June, and then to take measuresforwresitngrfomthemthecommandofLakeChamplain;anobjectessentialtothesecutiryof Canada,aswellastoprosecuitngoffensiveoperationsagainsttheNewEnglandStates. LakeChamplainisalongnarrowlaketotheN.E.ofOntairo,communicaitngwtihtheSt.Lawrenceafew milesbelowMontrealbytheirverChamblee,orSorel.Itisnowheremorethaneighteenmliesacross,andtis averagebreadthdoesnotexceedifve.BelowCrownPointtiisamerechannelfortenortwelvemilestotis southern extremity at Ticonderoga. Here it receives the waters from a small lake to the southward, Lake George,butthecommunication,aswellasthatwtihtheSt.Lawrence,isinterruptedbyshoalsandrapids. FromLakeGeorgetotheHudsonisonlysixoreightmiles,thesoleinterrupitontoawaterrfontierfromthe S.tLawrencetoNewYork,navigableforvesselsofburdenforfour-fitfhsoftislength,andforbateauxnealry alltheway.Thecommandofthislinewouldenablethenorthernandsouthernarmiestoco-operateeffectually; topressontheNewEnglandStatesalongtheirwholeborde;rtocutoffallcommunicaitonbetweenthemand therestoftheUnion,andtopreventanyhosliteattemptonCanada. Measureswereprompltytakentosecurethisimpotrantobjec.tDetachmentsrfomtheKing'sshipsat Quebec,withvolunteersrfomthertanspotrs,andacorpsofatrlilery,inal,lnealry700men,weresentacross totheLake,theretoconsrtuc,twtihitmberfelledbythemselves,andinthepresenceofasupeirorenemy,the vessels in which they were to meet him. A party joined from the Blonde ,underLieutenantDacres,wtihM.r Brown, one of the midshipmen. Mr. Pellew was to have remained with the ship; but he appeared so much disappointedatthearrangement,thatCaptainPownollallowedhimalsotogo. Theseasonwasalreadysofaradvanced,thattiwouldhavebeenacredtiableserviceonlytocompletethe preparaitonsforthenextcampaign;butthezealandexeitronsoftheofficersandmensurpassedall calculation.TheygotacrosstotheLakethitrylong-boats,manylargeflat-bottomedboats,avastnumberof bateaux,andagondolaofthitrytons,carryingthemovelrand,ordraggingthemuptherapids.Thekeeland floort-imbersofthe I nflexible , a ship of three hundred tons, which had been laid at Quebec, were taken to pieces,andcarriedovertoS.tJohn's,ontheLake,whereadockyardwasestablished,underthe superintendenceofLieutenantSchanck,anofficerofextraordinarymechanicalingenuti.yHere,onthe morning of the 2nd September, the Inlfexible wasagainlaiddown,andbysunse,tallherformerpartswere puttogether,andaconsiderablequanttiyofaddtiionaltimbersprepared.Theprogressoftheworkwasilke magic.Treesgrowingintheforestinthemorning,wouldformpatroftheshipbeforenight.Shewaslaunched intwenty-eightdaysrfomlayingherkeel,andsailednextevening,armedwitheighteentwelve-pounders,and fullyequippedforservice.Twoschooners,theMa ir a , and the Carleton ; the Loyal Conver , t gondola; the Thunder ,akindoflfa-tbottomedraf,tcarryingtwelveheavygunsandtwohowitzers;andtwentyf-ourboats, armedeachwithaifeldpiece,orcarirage-gunf,ormed,wtihthe I nlfexible ,aforceequaltotheservice,where butafewdaysbefore,theBirtishhadscarcelyaboatuponthewaters.Notimewasnowlostinseekingthe enemy,andSirGuyCalretonhimseflembarkedwtihthesquadron.CaptainPringle,ascommodore,salied wtihLieutenantSchanckinthe I nlfexible .LieutenantDacres,withM.rBrownandMr.Pellew,wereappointed to the Carleton . Onthe11thofOctobe,rtheenemywasdiscovereddrawnupinasrtonglineacrossthepassagebetween Valicou,roneotfhenumerousislandsonthelake,andtheWesternland;andsowellconcealedbytheisland, thatthesquadronhadnealrypassedwithoutobservingthem.Theyhadiftfeenvessels,carryingninety-six guns,foutreenofwhichwereeighteen-pounders,(eightofthemrtaversing,)andtwenty-threetwelves.General Arnold commanded. The Carleton ,beingnearesttotheenem,yattackedatonce,thoughherforcewasonly twelve six-pounders. Unfortunately, from the state of the wind, no other vessel could come to her assistance, andshewasobilgedtoengagethewholeforceoftheenemysingle-handed.SirGuyCarletonsawher desperateposiitonwtihexrtemeanxiety,buttiwasimpossibletobringupthesquadron,andhecouldonly sendinthearitllery-boatstosuppotrhe.rMeanitmeshewassuffeirngmostseverel.yVeryearlyintheaction, Mr.Brownlostanarm;andsoonatfer,LieutenantDacresfel,lseverelywoundedandsenseless.Hewould have been thrown overboard as dead, but for the interference of Mr. Pellew, who now succeeded to the command.Hemaintainedtheunequalcontest,itllCaptainPirngle,baffledinallhiseffotrstobringupthe squadron,madethesignalofrecall,whichtheCarleton ,wtihtwofeetwaterinherhold,andhalfhercrew killedandwounded,wasnotinaconditiontoobey.Inattemptingtogoabout,beingattheitmenearthe shore,whichwascoveredwtihtheenemy'smarksmen,shehunginstays,andMr.Pellew,notregardingthe dangerofmakinghimselfsoconspicuous,sprangoutonthebowsprtitopushtheijbover.Theartillery-boats nowtowedheroutofaction,underaveryheavyfirefromtheenem,ywhowereenabledtobeartheirguns uponherwtihmoreeffect,assheincreasedherdistance.Ashotcutthetowrope,andM.rPellewordered someonetogoandsecurei;tbutseeingallhestiatef,oirndeeditappearedadeath-service,heranforward anddidtihimself.Theresultoftheactionwasfarbeyondanythingthatcouldhavebeenexpectedfromthe excessivedispartiyoftheforceengaged;fortheCarleton ,withtheassistanceoftheatrlilery-boats,hadsunk the Boston gondola, carrying an eighteen pounder and two twelves; and burnt the Royal Savage , of twelve guns,thelargestotfheenemy'sschooners. Arnold escaped in the night. The squadron pursued, and on the morning of the 13th overtook him, within a few leaguesofCrownPoin.tAtferarunningifghtotfwohoursthefourheadmostvesselsotfheenemysucceeded inreachingCrownPoint,andshelteringthemselvesinthenarrowpartofthelakebeyond.tiTwoothers,the Washington and Jersey ,weretaken;andtherestwererunonshoreandburntbytheirowncrews.The enemythensetifretotheirworksonCrownPoint,andabandoned.tiThe Calreton's acitononthe11th,whichcetrainlywasneversurpassedforgallanrtyandconduc,tobtainedfor hercrewthecredtitheysowelldeserved.LieutenantDacres,whorecoveredsufficientlytogohomewiththe despatches,receivedpromotionassoonashearrivedinEngland,andwashonouredwtihapersonal interviewwtihtheking.Herosetobeavice-admiral.HowM.rPellew'sservicesinthis,hisfirstaction,were appreciatedbyhissuperiorofifcersisbesttoldintheirownwords.Inafewdays,SirCharlesDouglas,the seniorofficeratQuebec,towhosecommandalltheLakeservicewassubordinate,senthimthefollowing letter:— "Isis, Quebec, Oct. 30th, 1776. "S IR ,—The account I have received of your behaviour on board the Calreton ,inthedifferent actions on the Lakes, gives me the warmest satisfaction, and I shall not fail to represent it in the strongest terms to the Earl of Sandwich and my Lord Howe, and recommend you as deserving a commissionforyourgallantry;andasLieutenantDacres,yourlatecommander,willnodoubt obtainrankforhisconduct,whenhereachesEngland,IamdesiredbyGeneralSirGuyCalreton togiveyouthecommandoftheschoonerinwhichyouhavesobravelydoneyourdut.y "C HARLES D OUGLAS " . TherepotrofSirChalresDouglas,obtainedforM.rPellewthefollowingletterfromtheCommanderi-n-Chief: — "Eagle, New York, Dec. 20th, 1776. "S IR ,—TheaccountIhaveheardofyourgallantbehaviourfromCaptainChalresDouglas,of H.M.S. I sis ,inthedifferentacitonsonLakeChamplain,givesmemuchsaitsfaciton,andIshall receive pleasure in giving you a lieutenant's commission, whenever you may reach New York. "H OW . E " Itis,perhaps,asingularoccurrenceforamidshipmantobehonouredwithaletterofthanksrfomtheFirst LordoftheAdmiralty,buttheserviceitselfwasimpotran,tandCaptainPownollstrengthenedSirChalres Douglas'reportofhisyoungoffice'rsconduc,tbyacommunicaitonofhisown.Theirjointeulogyobtainedfor M.rPellewthefollowingletterrfomLordSandwich:— "AdmiratlyOffice,London,Jan.5th,1777. "S IR ,—YouhavebeenspokenoftomebySirChalresDouglasandCaptainPhliemonPownol,lfor yourgoodconductinthevairousservicesuponLakeChamplain,insohandsomeamanne,rthatI shallreceivepleasureinpromotingyoutotherankofalieutenant,wheneveryoucometo England;buttiisimpossibletosendyouacommissionwhereyounoware,tibeingoutofthe juirsdicitonotfheAdmiralty. "S ANDWICH ." SirGuyCarletonremainedatCrownPointaslongastheseasonwouldperm.tiHeemployedMr.Pellewon thenarrowinle,twhichextendsrfomCrownPointtoTiconderoga,alongwhichhisproposedoperaitonswere tobeconducted;andM.rPellewattendedtohischargewithunceasingviglianceandactivtiy.Onone occasion,theAmericanCommanderi-nChief,Arnold,mostnarrowlyescapedbecominghispirsoner.Having venturedupontheLakeinaboat,hewasobserved,andchasedsocloselybyM.rPellew,thatwhenhe reached the shore and ran off, he left his stock and buckle in the boat behind him. This was preserved as long asheilvedbyMr.Pellew'selderbrothe,rtowhomArnold'sson,notmanyyearsago,conifrmedtheparticulars ofhisfathe'rsescape.TheGenera,lseeingthathismenwerepanic-srtuckwhentheyfoundthemselves chased,encouragedthemtoexetrionbytheassurancethatthepursuerswerenotenemies,butonlyaboat endeavouringtoourtowthem.Puillngoffhisstock,andseizinganoar,hepromisedthemaboltteofrum each,fitheygainedtheshoreifrs.tWellhaditbeenforArnold;happyforthegallantyoungofifce,rwhowas thevicitmofhisconduc;tandperhaps,onsosmallaconitngencymaythefateofacampaigndepend,happy fortheBiritsharmy,towhosemisfortunesinthefollowingyearhisskillandcouragesomateriallyconrtibuted, hadthefotruneotfhechasebeendifferen.t Mr.Pellewhadascarcelylessnarrowescape.Hewasinvtiedwithapartyofofficerstospendanafternoon withsomeyoungladiesintheneighbourhood,andtheywereonthewaytokeeptheirengagement,whenM.r Pellewstopped,andsaidtohiscompanions,"WearedoingaveryfooilshthingI:shallturnback,andIadvise you all to do the same." They hesitated, but at length returned with him; and afterwards learnt that their Delilahshadpostedapartyofsoldierstomakethempirsoners. AtlengthSirGuyCarleton,havingsatisifedhimseflthatTiconderogawastoosrtongtobeattackedwtihhis present force at that advanced season, re-embarked the troops, and returned to Canada. He there exerted himseflthroughthewinter,inmakingpreparaitonsfortheensuingcampaign,andhadalmostcompleted them,whenthecommandofthearmywastakenfromhim,andgiventoofficerswhohadbeenservingunder his orders. Though his success had surpassed the utmost hopes of his country, and his great local knowledge andexperienceclaimedtheconifdenceoftheBritishGovernmen,thewasnotevenconsultedonthe expedtiiontheyhadplanned,andofwhichtheverydetailsweresofarsettledinthecabine,tthatilttlewasletf totheunfortunateGeneralwhowastoconducti.tHefetlilkeanofifcerontheoccasion,andresignedthe governmentofCanada;butheactedilkeanEngilshman,andthoughhedisapprovedmateriallyofsome partsoftheplan,heomttiednoexertionwhichmightcontirbutetoitssuccess. Thearmydevotedtoanexpedtiionthusinauspiciouslycommenced,wascomposedof7,000regularrtoops, ofwhom3,200wereGermans;acorpsofAtrllier,y2,000Canadians,and1,000savages.SirGuyCalreton knewtoowelltheferociousanduncertaincharacteroftheIndianstotrustthem;butthegovernmentathome entetrainedaverydifferentopinion;andtiwas,perhaps,thechiefmotivefortheirconducttowardshim,that hehadonlyamusedandkeptthemquie,tinsteadofcalilngthemintoacitveservice.Lieutenant-General Burgoynewasselectedforthecommand,assistedbyMajor-GeneralsPhillipsandReidese,landBrigadiers Frazer,Powe,llHamtlion,andSpecht. Mr.Pellewwasattachedtothearmy,withthecommandofapatryofseamen,andduirngtisadvance,was againacitvelyemployedontheLake.Whileonthisservice,henarrowlyescapedacalamity,whichwould havecloudedallhisfutureilfe.HisyoungestbrotherhadcomeoutrfomEnglandtojointhearmy;andbeing appointedAide-de-CamptoGeneralPhliilps,thoughonlyseventeenyearsofage,hewassentdownthe LakeinchargeotfheGeneral'sbaggage.Hewastoldthathehadnothingtofearfromtheenemy,butthathe wouldprobablymeethisbrother;and,wtihtheunthinkingsportivenessofyouth,asheknewthathewasnot expected,hedeterminedtosurprisehim.Accordingl,yhefellinwtihhiminthenigh,tandwhenhailed, answered,"Arfiend!""Whatfriend?"exclaimedhisbrothe;r"tellwhoyouare,orI'llshootyou.""What!donot youknowme?""No!"saidtheother,presenitngapisto.l"YourbrotherJohn!" Onthe21stofJune,thearmybeingencampedonthewesternsideoftheLake,andattilletothenorthof CrownPoin,tGeneralBurgoynemadeawar-feastforthesavages,andaddressedtheminaspeechwhich enforcedeverymoitvecalculatedtorestraintheirferocit.yBut,unfotrunately,hehopedtoterirfytheinhabitants tosubmissionbythreateningthemwtihallthehorrorsofIndianwarfare;andaproclamaitonwhichhe publishedtothiseffec,twasrememberedtohisseirousprejudice.AtferashotrstayatCrownPoin,tthe rtoopsadvancedalongbothsidesoftheLake,accompaniedbythesquadronunderLieutenantSchanck; andonthe2ndofJuly,arirvedbeforeTiconderoga,thengarirsonedbyGeneralSt.Clair,withnealry5,000 men. Ticonderoga possessed great natural advantages. It was protected on three sides by the water, with veryrockyshores;andonthefourth,paltrybyamorass,andwherethatfailed,byasrtongbreas-twork.Itwas, indeed,commandedbyaneighbouringheight,SugarHlil,whichtheAmeircanshadneglectedtosecure, presuminguponitsalmostinaccessiblecharacte.rOppostieTiconderoga,theyhadforitifedahighconical h,lliMountIndependence,andconnectedtiwiththefortbyaverystrongbridge,whichwasitselfprotectedby amassyboom.TheAmeircanshadbeenemployedfortenmonths,ingivingtotheseworkstheutmost possiblesrtengthandsoildti.y Onthe5th,theBrtiishhadnearlycompletedtheirpreparations,andGeneralPhiillpshadcarriedaroad almosttothetopofSugarHill,whenGeneralS.tClairdeterminedtoevacuatethefor.tThatnighthesent awayhisstoresandbaggageinmorethantwohundredbateaux,underconvoyoffivearmedgallies,to Skenesborough,atownabouteightmilesdistant,attheheadofasmallinlet,SouthBay,whichbranchesoff fromtheLakeatTiconderoga.Thertoopsmarchedtothesameplace,leavingmorethanahundredguns behind. Dayilghtshowedtheflightotfheenem.yReideselandFrazerimmediatelyfollowedinpursuti,whlieBurgoyne embarked the rest of the army on board the squadron. The boom and bridge, which had cost so many monthsoflabourtocomplete,werepresentlycutthroughbythesailorsandaritifcers.Thesquadronwere enabled to pass at nine o'clock, and at three came up with the enemy near Skenesborough Falls. After a shortresistance,twoofthegalilessurrendered,andtheenemysetfiretotheothers,andtoalltheirbateaux and stores. Ealrynextmorning,ReideselandFrazerovertookastrongbodyoftheenem,yanddefeatedthem,wtihthe lossoftheirCommande,randnearly1,000menkilled,wounded,andtaken.Anotherdivisionwas encounteredandroutedbyColonelHli.lThefugitivesescapedtoFortEdward,ontheHudson. General Burgoyne might now have returned to Ticonderoga, and thence crossed to the head of Lake George, rfomwhichtherewasawaggon-roadtoFortEdward,onlyeighteenmliesdistant.Butfearingthata rertogrademovementmightchecktheenthusiasmofthearmy,nowelatedwiththeirrapidcareerofvictor,y underraitngthedifficuitlesofthecounrt,yandtoomuchdespisinganenemywhohadbeensoeasily dispersed,hedeterminedtoascendWoodCreekasfarasFotrAnne,whencethedirectdistancetothe Hudsonisshorter.Hewatied,therefore,afewdaysnearSkenesboroughforhistents,baggage,and provisions;employinghimsefl,inthemeanitme,inclearingthenavigaitonofWoodCreek,whliehispeople