The Social Direction of Evolution - An Outline of the Science of Eugenics

William E. Kellicott

Informations

• Publié par: zaut
• Publié le: 08 décembre 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 55
• Langue: English

Extrait

The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Social Direction of Evolution, by William E. Kellicott

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org

Title: The Social Direction of Evolution An Outline of the Science of Eugenics

Author: William E. Kellicott

Release Date: March 20, 2010 [EBook #31705]

Language: English

*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SOCIAL DIRECTION OF EVOLUTION ***

Produced by Bryan Ness and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net

THE SOCIAL DIRECTION OF HUMAN EVOLUTION

THE SOCIAL DIRECTION OF HUMAN EVOLUTION

AN OUTLINE OF THE SCIENCE OF EUGENICS

BY WILLIAM E. KELLICOTT

PROFESSOR OF BIOLOGY, GOUCHER COLLEGE

Publisher Icon

NEW YORK AND LONDON D. APPLETON AND COMPANY 1919

Copyright, 1911, by D. APPLETON AND COMPANY

Printed in the United States of America

PREFACE

This small volume is based upon three lectures on Eugenics delivered at Oberlin College in April, 1910. In preparing them for publication many extensions and a few additions have been made in order to present the subject more adequately and to include some very recent results of eugenic investigation. Few subjects have come into deserved prominence more rapidly than has Eugenics. Biologists, social workers, thoughtful students and observers of human life everywhere, have felt the growing necessity for some kind of action leading to what are now recognized as eugenic ends. Hitherto the lack of guiding principles has left us in the dark as to where to take hold and what methods to pursue. To-day, however, progress in the human phases of biological science clearly gives us clews regarding modes of attack upon many of the fundamental problems of human life and social improvement and progress, and suggests concrete methods of work. The present essay does not represent an original contribution to the subject of Eugenics. It is not a complete statement of the facts and foundations of Eugenics in any particular. It is rather an attempt to state briefly and suggestively, in simple, matter-of-fact terms the present status of this science. While Eugenics is a social topic in practice, in its fundamentals, in its theory, it is biological. It is therefore necessary that the subject be approached primarily from the biological point of view and with some familiarity with biological methods and results. The control of human evolution—physical, mental, moral—is a serious subject of supremest importance and gravest consequents. It must be considered without excitement —thoughtfully, not emotionally. It is hardly necessary to add that no one can speak of the subject of Eugenics without feeling the immensity of his debt to Sir Francis Galton and to Professor Karl Pearson. From the writings of these pioneers I have drawn heavily in this essay. The recent summary of the Whethams, and Davenport's valuable essay on Eugenics have also served as the sources of quotation.

Baltimore, Md., November, 1910.

W. E. K.

  I— . II.— III.—

CONTENTS

  The Sources and Aims of the Science Of Eugenics The Biological Foundations of Eugenics Human Heredity and the Eugenic Program

PAGE

3 49 133

LISTO F ILLUSTRATIONS

FIG.PAGE  1.—Increase of population in the United States and the principal countries of Europe from 1800 to 190026  2.—Relative and absolute numbers of prisoners in the United States from 1850 to 190430  3.—Recorded measurements of the stature of 1052 mothers57  4.—Model to illustrate the law of probability or "chance"59  5.—Plinth to illustrate the difference between variability (fluctuation) and variation (mutation)64  6.—Curves illustrating the relation between the pure line and the species or other large group67  7.—Diagram showing the course of color heredity in the Andalusian fowl83  8.—Diagram showing the course of color heredity in the guinea-pig85  9.—Diagram illustrating the relation of the germ cells in a simple case of Mendelian heredity92 10.—Diagram illustrating the phenomenon of regression107 11.—Diagrams showing the relation between order of birth and incidence of pathological defect125 12.—Coefficients of heredity of physical and psychical characters in school children144 13.—Family history showing brachydactylism. Farabee's data151 14.—Family history showing polydactylism155 15.—Mother and daughters showing "split hand" Facing 156 16.—Two family histories showing "split foot" Facing 158 17.—Family history showing congenital cataract159 18.—Family history showing a form of night blindness161 19.—Family history showing a form of night blindness163 20.—Family history showing Huntington's chorea165 21.—Family history showing deaf-mutism167 22.—Family history showing feeble-mindedness169 23.—Family history showing angio-neurotic œdema170 24.—Family history showing tuberculosis171 25.—Family history showing infertility175 26.—Family history showing ability177 27.—Family history showing ability179 28.—History of three markedly able families183 29.—History of Die Familie Zero 185

T

I

HE SOURCES AND AIMS OF T SCIENCE OF EUGENICS

HE

e thudstcsnis  i" ,seguEics ecnesocial cs under a egcnei yfot ehd meaicl bey rlaif yam ohw ,notla t ofewesis nf threo uodnehf sat  rehtyhp acis yllen gaternsioei,  i ed afod feniti or mentally." The  evorpmiiapmi ro , oltronay matth seo ilituter fufe rar th quacial SMO  FHT SNA DIAE OF EUGE SCIENC sava ot  CINE rB" S eslsen sl alpuim CEURSOE TH I  "the science ofb iegnw le lobnr I."thn woe s rdS foF ricnarG si  sandingildre ch ohtnet txa  een geEu !"ge as hcsnied neeb sa denif eals of s and id shcnaegosicteeilluachy s stadgruc emotsegnaht : re twe a if hen, rotnio niat oam iesim Ty.dlpiraw emoc ylbativen edrgdataoi nroo f the elevation rawafo eeht sop bisitylif  oe th iditc nonuedno sich r wh exilife h eht fo ecar namu ctraha-che Ts.er t ehseminiS t eccafiy.llci stiena dnn woepufll,yusly, hoy, serio  neeb sah erutaNe atimanf  ontdes utt ehalot o  P f andgnisTheo of  icstofs he tum htannhc ecarairetto improve the ile ynuedtrkani g —fesritullfucianrht yldenec hguo ress exp peat ed re ca enar ebneah s anum hinn ioctleuc eht ,yteicos e "rf thcy orren "fooeyr thtbaibosprripeac rl iaopu ht nb—ytdesaf mere nu e idea o nircaeesemirac l I .su snr po eht nofn ioinbiy an msistlogos coa dngistioloch as sumit ah eon sra wveri Td. shepeussnoi nfom na yofrms of natural se  few.eI l fi sfotionondind cns a ni nwod og ew sith doo  tctleeg n h siotyrggel ,saial stru the racldetaw yr osaepey rld ano  seacl posiial , wetionnaeca vdr cao ru ha o c  try  aine ng ti dnif assecen  ur attitude towa ndapaitevw yao sog alciel rioatt dresehahc nign t wiesule noll bylt  tnoseotehr  thd any  ef remoe  levitcefr ehT .y ce and thus operta euaotamitacll ontsof alcius c mot dnasnocneicemf ebocet r yallemean e as ixed ,suoicsnoc tsrif ma ,"alcifitiar "htsic nodet ah tough at trol, thc ylrtnoebiletarist op hleol Id.u ylsuored sselnules rllstsadit   nvegni   diw li na  are allulti restepm tnekrow,nemitilevy— oencof udla sfoh gi hbadearth of indivie th, ontilapupo ruo fo stnemele inalcrimand ne, niasre ,appuht eseeaf  oe thcrindrag fo d tnersicomplaceon, the opupalito  fht e ben ea rnasoy bllpmedeyo ot suace the useful clases snit ehc moum ioatizilhe tinn w nwo riT ....yaing o brany as meucnnilf sacsea  ;sneaht ps tmiceleo e avdot  tneowkro tuhtmet  o mmon civtheir co uE fo mia ehT" nep rtos  icsnigelcsaca htne eres bes its. bys ..  ,omera lb euhamy, more vigorousw ehsdro G fo  otla tyniAg. n ai tinE gu mfo ssineci emacsupr e ai y. Throm a fohtlaeh ero phe tn ioctdu n of therrying o ret eh ac tuf ruht r god aninssvig s a aprucar ot e igins oro itce t rar fuonoo arit bl,casihy pnd alatnem ,rogiv la ns which give ush munab iegn sap daycrese ibmeso fo  ehtdnocoiti resehe pugennt evomecim w  m ene,tpste shee thn  impolevedt fo tne iclao grsene tosn and coanizatioaht ne t fo hcumouo prr rstent i of rti yecss een tionderaonsi a rec  su dael dna esuthe atcirepp ato  reh rp eh sopot de l elllWae acetwh dybA fler duRss Darwin was askeS fo nig",seicepf  oontiri Ohe"Tt ehoferilacp bu t. Sh nduc y beortl avl d oiI k alsh I .n niht sucsam sshall diether I  usa khwaw:s" oYy plres n'wiar D.nam fo noitulovhe eto tnce fere yer enalcdu oni raneget  a";ontihtruf dn im ew ,re add,ght caus to  esu eht,sv lese tynio  tntcoburim et eronahteht ir present propotroi nott ehn xe porp tneserp rie isthh it . W ontior foE oi nnitid fepreland ics ugen ssalt seoicic sutebuo  tcoo rintg neretaht eentx than thion less o  femtnaftcht e  fulwhat tate ler sriF .dleu tel tsinthwis fis hi t  tfoi sta mi sebiminary statemenecort de a oemosrefos  u mwe pay ogy,ciold soy anlogo ,s ib neecs ic  tofe om sngniiotnem retfa neht  of the selation ret ehr  socsndipas ntre tcsito uE finegneico ec d scy ansophhilo daMalec,ep eicn lhe tomfr edadsh p nredom fo thgite categn separana aw sno roei.sM ree  ostann thd revii esht fnu e aM'nof renif seb plet ore thasurt lla ,e tser ehr.heotans wat  Ic ro nrgwea dn irpened, that the  t tar ehsniased ndce, edatthhe t v eht erofeb daepr sas wpecadsanehl ,gt s narisdhe be, tshonsun  oc ,stemts gkcurghliintn ntme e th  rupinhsraingno  Man's wiew. For rostded t  Id.yemrot stcna detneavagse rinseed, aeera ppsiae,dd  im hlfses  atha s naluoher ddrag ry natural that M aw sectrialn yev sue ecbje tholwhrus nuora ,tos s prejudided withgu h Iufec;st oh iattht miady lltsehgih eht si t eres t int  mos and f rolbmep oritgneht tan laru.tsiTh"  pisjurecediw ihhcD raiw nnkew would precludtsuj a eedisnoc  oontira ub e s thf  o  fejtc sroam'n andiginluti evorea dnl ht eofmr out of on, grewht fop eitpeo not ennccog onrrcu w oht eh na ni ybm ied ccupon ositi lP s'naM" fo—eruat Nofe emch sle his conception,  ca eniN taru.e T " ow nmo a tngnkhippah yliosboetelallysionn lu seet ohre,scoacgu hy wae ths errnconi gnikr fo tuo  tific coal scien earitnofaet rht ledg on srendou sihutaN naM dna of viewïve r naloedht eo  fohseece tht Bu ."retuaN llac ew hcihwsuo  femhcnasi mhe one great nexdna ird  nevt ybre, ltsug inomfrru;eN f taiegna b   be d tort oa paaM" :ti leh si nesnkLay tspur te  ,recysph ,svewo a s rmfi loho ha gy fuham nf casto  Nowadaysociety.pxe rof namuh ylhe tofs ontinalano eecg s niolgnpurethe ide outs  panchsyogol ny;h ros saoicoygolchology was littelm ro ehtnah mu sot nis lryveo  oga gnoysp taht tionncep beco  had moniemd I  tna.t  falgrteinn  aas nam ezingocer ot Natuith ne was oru—eN ta rnicaot ffdienerd den mar tsrageics itnelearned e world  mih mhtlt;yf or ekat ot   etubirt at Nteland ae,ur le.ysnvit ehB tu herfromexte so  aluc ylrcniseh eg inarap pt,tiarrtloa dnt  oerug was able to con otd-i  seher.sT ity cesso neay n nopu egralne otRas  Aw.ie visth asemp rucu hht e life anposes in eruo sani dtaN g t in nghi erthiv ls ot es, aanimher s bula;st  oejtche tchmucoe am sna lortnm htiw d re, possessing tehs ma etsurtcru, esrfpemior tngs eh emaitcaitiv  tra canhe ice t oSicna d.y eW logof  odsely ogolBialrevo eif gnipp he modern times E guneci srfmot r tee thpehoof, ,aedrep spahteb  E gu tfojbce euse th havp wershientrap wen siht ofe asphe ons  a u op nht,sb iutl progres grity and  laietnifo ecar sce ncieicenths— ssrereecnt Gncieof a dtsl iaalot.eP  th, , en hwee aveV .n yrrutayllace studying man ah dosiclas icne Malitapogolbi:  ,naM sac a htiw  manyinga na as csei cila tsducn e oicoygola sis dnvetias bom crapaimanitgni  sliuluch that finds moloib ylerup ehtn  iulpfel hnd a mila nnauhamht e s ofpectl asgica logo yna d aiB-oChemistry, is conibm gni ehterup slyiaocanl thd eryl eupoligb oistudcal of mies  otni naiB wen a olciSo o- nd Ay.og imal. But tural an  tomednrn wot ahscf ntiere t ondsehtw sicifinys ught bro hashichisacP yhhta f rod any trisemChl- isyhP -lacimehC a