Language Industries Atlas

Directorate-General For Translation European Commission

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•5· -LANGUAGE INDUSTRIES
ATLAS Language Industries
Atlas
Edited by
P.M. Hearn and D.F. Button
INK-BELGIUM NV
1994
IOS Press
Amsterdam, Oxford, Washington, Tokyo © ECSC-EEC-EAEC, Brussels-Luxembourg, 1994
Commission of the European Communities, Dissemination of Scientific and Technical Knowledge Unit,
Directorate-General Telecommunications, Information Market and Exploitation of Research, Luxembourg
Publication no. EUR 15447 EN
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in
any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
ISBN 90 5199 148 7
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 93-080963
Publisher:
IOS Press
Van Diemenstraat 94
1013 CN Amsterdam
Netherlands
Sole distributor in the UK and Ireland:
IOS Press/Lavis Marketing
73 Lime Walk
Headington
Oxford OX3 7AD
UK
Distributor in the USA and Canada:
IOS Press
Postal Drawer 10558
Burke, VA 22009-0558
USA
Distributor in Japan:
Kaigai Publications, Ltd.
21 Kanda Tsukasa-Cho-2-Chome
Chiyoda-Ku
Tokyo 101
Japan
LEGAL NOTICE
The publisher is not responsible for the use which might be made of the following information.
While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information herein, neither the Commission
of the European Communities nor the editors can be held responsible for any errors or omissions.
PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS Welcome to the Language Industries Atlas e to the first e Industries Atlas, which is the product of one year of informa­
tion gathering and surveying in Europe, Japan and the US. The aim of our study has been to
describe the activities of the many organisations, both public and private, that create the infra­
structure within which languages are able to develop and interact on equal terms in multilin­
gual Europe. Although developments in the United States and Japan have been mentioned, we
have been interested primarily in describing activities in the European Community, which has
a rich linguistic heritage, enshrined and protected within the framework of the Treaty of Rome.
The Language Industries Atlas will be of interest to a broad spectrum of language profession­
als including translators, interpreters, terminologists, teachers, computational linguists, re­
searchers and public and private organisations, and indeed to anyone interested in languages,
from a planning, standards, infrastructural or technological perspective.
The Atlas contains more than 1,000 descriptions of activities which play a role in shaping the
language industries, whether from a user or provider perspective. By describing the activities
of so many organisations working in their respective fields, we hope to have shown that the
language industries are an exciting forum in which researchers, developers, standardisation
bodies, professionals and academics, and private companies with varied interests, come to­
gether, discuss and ultimately design the standards and solutions to overcome many of the
challenges posed by multilingualism in business, academic and socio­cultural affairs. The
European Community, perhaps moreso than its main trading partners in the US and Japan, is
set to benefit from these solutions. In Europe more than two thirds of the workforce ­ almost
100 million persons ­ work directly processing letters, numbers and graphical data, in numer­
ous languages. In the 1990s, more people work everyday in Europe using word processors
than the total number employed in agriculture.
The Language Industries Atlas has been compiled from a questionnaire and telephone survey
carried out over the past 12 months. This first edition does not aim to provide an exhaustive
picture of the language industries, as this is perhaps too ambitious a goal in one year, when at­
tempting to trace language through its many manifestations in commercial and academic activ­
ity. Where information was not provided from our survey, we have supplemented this from our
own records. We have included information on the main sources we used. This can be found
after the introductory section. We would be happy to hear from readers wishing to suggest ad­
ditions to this book, and have included a return form on page 79 to permit this. We will take
care to consider suggestions for a future edition.
Acknowledgements
We would like to acknowledge the financial support of Directorate­General ΧΠΙ/Ε of the
Commission of the European Communities in Luxembourg, which made work on the Lan­
guage Industries Atlas possible. In particular, we would like to thank Mr Jan Roukens, who in­
itially set this project in motion, and Mr José Soler, whose constant support was much
appreciated. Acknowledgements are also due to Mr Roger Havenith and Mr Norbert Brink ­
hoff­Button, also of the CEC, Mr John Nance of the British Council English Language Divi­
sion, Dr Nicoletta Calzolari of the Università di Pisa (Italy), Dr Udo Jung of the Universität
Bayreuth (Germany), Mr Lucien Jacoby of the European Bureau for Lesser­Used Languages
in Brussels (Belgium), and Dr Nuria Bel of the Universität de Barcelona (Spain), all of whom
read and commented on earlier drafts of this book.
The Language Industries Atlas Welcome to the Language Industries Atlas
Acknowledgements are also due to Mr Wohlpfeil of the CEC Library in Luxembourg, and to
Mr Eric Druez who helped us with computing aspects of the survey. Finally, we thank the nu­
merous participants to our surveys who have spent time and considerable effort in completing
questionnaires and telephone interviews. Many of these people are listed in the pages of this
book.
Paul M. Heam
Diana Button
September 1993
The authors
Paul M. Heam holds a Master's Degree in Cognitive Science from the University of Essex
(UK), and worked in the software localisation field as a Consultant to Rank Xerox in the
United Kingdom, and INK International in Madrid (Spain) before taking over responsibility
for the Language Industries Survey for the Commission of the European Communities in
1991, in Luxembourg.
Diana F. Button holds a Degree in Computational Linguistics from the University of Man­
chesterinstitute of Science and Technology (UMIST, UK) and has held positions in the natural
language processing field at Rank Xerox (UK), and International Business Machines (IBM,
D), before joining INK as a Consultant early in 1992.
Related publications
The Language Industries Atlas is the second in a series of publications by the authors in the
language area. The 1993 Language Engineering Directory, (Heam / Freijser 1993), also avail­
able commercially, provides information on more than 600 organisations developing and mar­
keting over 1,000 products of language engineering (including machine and machine-assisted
translation systems, document storage and retrieval systems, spelling, style and grammar
checkers, and other categories).
VI The Language Industries Atlas