2004-07-07 - Audit Final

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• management

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• Publié par: Cheyr
• Nombre de lectures: 28
• Langue: English

Extrait

Templeton College
University of Oxford





The Contribution of Food
Retailing to Society and to the
Economy










Oxford Institute of Retail Management
Templeton College
University of Oxford

June 2004
Commissioning Organisation

CIES - The Food Business Forum is the only
independent global food business network. It serves the
CEOs and senior management of 175 retailer and 175
supplier member companies, and their subsidiaries, in
over 150 countries by:

– Providing a neutral platform for knowledge-exchange,
thought-leadership and networking. CIES services are
channelled through international conferences,
benchmarking studies, publications and tailor-made
member services. Current programmes include the
Global CEO Forum, the World Food Business Summit,
Management Development and the functional areas of
Marketing, Information Technology and Supply Chain
Management.

– Orchestrating positions and developing tools on key
strategic and practical issues affecting the food
business. These top-of-mind issues are identified by
our ten retailer-led committees and taskforces.
Priority projects include the Global Food Safety
Initiative and the Food Business in Society
Initiative.

CIES - The Food Business Forum has been growing with
the food business for over 50 years. Its strength lies
in the active commitment of its member companies and
its privileged access to key industry players. CIES
retailer members alone generate over USD 2,000 billion,
employ 4.5 million people and operate close to 600,000
stores.


The Food Business in Society Initiative
Mission Statement

Food retailing plays a major role in today’s society
and economy.

The importance of the sector lies in its position at
the forefront of the value chain. It performs an
essential function in the lives of consumers and
provides a natural focal point for communities. It is
also a vital economic activity that supplies essential
services, generates national wealth, creates jobs and
stimulates other business activities.

However, the perception of the sector in public opinion
does not reflect these real achievements.

In a concerted effort to support the sector with this
issue, CIES – The Food Business Forum has initiated a
programme that will help companies but also lobbying
bodies in improving perceptions by better communicating
the value retailers are bringing to society.

Food Business in Society is about communicating value
for the Food Business.




Oxford Institute of Retail Management (OXIRM)

The Oxford Institute of Retail Management (OXIRM) is a
leading centre of retail studies based at Templeton
College, University of Oxford, United Kingdom. OXIRM
was created in 1985 to relate sound scholarship to the
practical needs of retailers, service companies and
public sector agencies. It undertakes management
development programmes for companies, conducts research
with direct relevance to practitioners and acts as a
centre for education and networking activity. For
further information see www.templeton.ox.ac.uk/oxirm or
email [e-mail].


Authors

Latchezar Hristov, Elizabeth Howard and Richard
Cuthbertson

Latchezar Hristov, the principal author of this audit
report, is a doctoral researcher at Templeton College,
University of Oxford, Richard Cuthbertson is Research
Fellow in Retail Marketing & Distribution, and
Elizabeth Howard is Fellow in Retailing of Templeton
College, University of Oxford

Table of Contents

1 Introduction....................................... 1
2 Research Methodology............................... 5
2.1 Research Scope and Secondary Data Sources........... 5
2.2 Issues of Data Availability......................... 5
3 The Contribution of Food Retailing to the Economy.. 9
3.1 Introduction........................................ 9
3.2 Economic Contribution of Grocery Retailers
(Regional and Market Reviews) ........................... 12
3.2.1 Retailing in the United States .................. 12
3.2.1.1 Retailing is a Principal Contributor to
Economic Growth and Employment....................... 12
3.2.1.2 Food Retailing Responds to Customer Demand
for Choice and Low Price............................. 14
3.2.1.3 Retailers Raising Productivity and
Generating Business.................................. 16
3.2.2 Retailing in Europe.............................. 18
3.2.2.1 The Significance of Retailing as Part
of the European Economy.............................. 18
3.2.2.2 The Economic Contribution of Grocery
Retailing in the EU 25
3.2.3 Japan............................... 32
3.2.4 Grocery Retailing in Emerging Markets ........... 37
3.2.4.1 Central Europe............................... 37
3.2.4.2 Grocery Retailing in China................... 39
3.3 The Economic Multiplier Effect..................... 42
3.4 Grocery Retailers Drive Consumer Focused
Supply Chains ........................................... 43
3.4.1 Fundamental Requirements ........................ 43
3.4.2 Retailers are Applying IT on a Large Scale for
Consumer Benefit ...................................... 44
3.4.3 Retailers are Leading Data Synchronisation ...... 45
3.4.4 Integration of Grocery Supply Chains Depends
on Retailers .......................................... 46
3.4.5 Industry Programmes of Supply Chain Collaboration 46
3.4.6 Collaboration and Concentration ................. 47
3.5 Economic Summary................................... 49
4 The Contribution of Food Retailing to Employment.. 50
4.1 Introduction....................................... 50
4.2 Grocery Retailers’ Contribution to Job Creation.... 51
4.2.1 The Employment Multiplier Effect ................ 56
4.3 Providing Job
Flexibility ............................................. 56
4.3.1 Part-Time Jobs................................... 58
4.3.2 Temporary Jobs 61
4.3.3 Full-Time Jobs and Career Development in Grocery
Retailing 62
4.3.4 Salaries in Retailing ........................... 70
4.4 Employment Summary................................. 71
5 The Contribution of Food Retailing to Society..... 74
5.1 Introduction....................................... 74
5.2 Grocery Retailers as Providers of Economic and Social
Public Services ......................................... 75
5.2.1 The Role of Retailing in Society is Increasing .. 76
5.2.2 Providing High Quality and Value for Money ...... 78
5.3 Grocery Retailers Responding to Socio – Cultural
Changes ................................................. 79
5.3.1 The Changing Structure of Households ............ 79
5.3.2 Grocery Retailing as a Contributor to Higher
Standards of Living and Consumer Welfare .............. 80
5.3.3 Grocery Retailers Dealing with Issues of Time and
Money, and Leisure and Work and Health ................ 82
5.3.4 Providing More Choice ........................... 82
5.3.5 Longer Opening Hours and Shorter Time to
Check-Out ............................................. 83
5.3.6 More Effective Marketing and Dissemination of
Information ........................................... 84
5.4 Trends Towards Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
in Grocery Retailing .................................... 85
5.4.1 Corporate Social Responsibility: The Internal
Dimension 85
5.4.2 The External ............................................. 88
5.5 Summary on Contributions to Society................ 98
6 Conclusions and Recommendations.................. 100
6.1 Limited Availability of Services Sector Statistics 100
6.2 Limitations to Food Industry Statistics........... 103
6.3 Adequate Measurements of the Contribution of
Grocery Retailing ...................................... 103
6.4 Communicating the Key Contributions to the
key Audiences .......................................... 105
7 Appendices....................................... 107
7.1 Retail Trade Definitions.......................... 107
7.2 Review of individual EU Retail Markets............ 111
7.2.1 Grocery Retailing in Germany ................... 112
7.2.2 in the UK .................... 113
7.2.3 in France 115
7.2.4 in Italy ..................... 117
7.3 Review of Individual Central European Markets..... 119
7.3.1 Grocery Retailing in Poland 119
7.3.2 in the Czech Republic ........ 121
7.3.3 in Hungary ................... 122
8 List of References and Bibliography.............. 125



i. List of Figures, Tables and Vignettes

i.i List of Figures

Figure 1. Retail trade as share (%) of GDP
Figure 2. Retail trade growth compared to GDP (%)
Figure 3. Retail trade growth (%) in the period 1992 - 2003
Figure 4. US Grocery retailing at a glance
Figure 5. Retail Trade – NACE Rev. 1 Division 52 (retail