ijcai-tutorial

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• Publié par: Curah
• Nombre de lectures: 15
• Langue: English

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[e-mail]
http://rakaposhi.eas.asu.edu/ijcai99 tutorial
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Planning is hot...
26% of the papers in AAAI 99. 20% of papers in IJCAI 99.
New People. Conferences. Workshops. Competitions.
Inter planetary explorations. Why the increased interest?
Significant scale-up in the Significant strides in our
last 4 5 years understanding
– Before we could – Rich connections between
synthesize about 5 6 planning and CSP(SAT)
action plans in minutes OR (ILP)
– Now, we can synthesize » Vanishing separation
100 action plans in between planning &
minutes Scheduling
Further scale up with New ideas for heuristic» –
domain specific control of planners
control – Wide array of approaches
for customizing planners
with domain-specific
knowledge
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Overview
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Planning : The big picture
Synthesizing goal directed behavior
Planning involves
– Action selection; Handling causal dependencies
– Action sequencing and handling resource
allocation (aka SCHEDULING)
Depending on the problem, plans can be
– action sequences
– or “policies” (action trees, state action mappings
etc.)
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Planning & (Classical Planning)
(Static)
Environment (Observable)
Goals
perception action
(perfect) (deterministic)
What action next?
I = initial state G = goal state
(prec) O (effects)
i
[ I ] O O O O [ G ]
i j k m
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Why care about classical Planning?
Many domains are approximately classical
– Stabilized environments
It is possible to handle near-classical domains
through replanning and execution monitoring
Classical planning techniques often shed light on
effective ways of handling non classical planning
worlds
– Currently, most of the efficient techniques for handling
non classical scenarios are still based on
ideas/advances in classical planning
Classical planning poses many interesting
computational challenges
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The (too) many brands of classical planners
Planning as Theorem Proving Planning as Search
(Green’s planner)
Search in the space of States
(progression, regression, MEA)
(STRIPS, PRODIGY, TOPI)
Search in the space of Plans
(total order, partial order,
Search in the space ofprotections, MTC)
Task networks (reduction (Interplan,SNLP,TOCL,
of non primitive tasks)UCPOP,TWEAK)
(NOAH, NONLIN,
O Plan, SIPE)
Planning as (constraint) Satisfaction
(Graphplan, IPP, STAN, SATPLAN, BLackBOX)
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Advantages of the Unified View
To the extent possible, this tutorial shuns brand names
and reconstructs important ideas underlying those
brand names in a rational fashion
Better understanding of existing planners
– Normalized comparisons between planners
– Evaluation of trade offs provided by various
design choices
Design of novel planning algorithms
– Hybrid planners using multiple refinements
– Explication of the connections between planning,
CSP, SAT and ILP
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Modeling Classical Planning
*States are modeled in terms of (binary)
state variables
At(A,M),At(B,M) -- Complete initial state, partial goal state
¬In(A), ¬In(B)
*Actions are modeled as state
transformation functions
-- Syntax: ADL language (Pednault)
EarthEarth Apply(A,S) = (S \ eff(A)) + eff(A)
(If Precond(A) hold in S)
At(A,E), At(B,E),At(R,E)
Effects At(R,M), ¬At(R,E)
¬In(o )In(o ) 11 In( x) At( x,M)x
& ¬At(x, E)Unload(o )Load(o ) 11 Fly()Prec.
At(o ,l ), At(R,l) In(o )1 1 1 1 At(R,E)
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Appolo 13
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