European Commission Press Pack m c? Cnltiira.1 Published by the Fifth Framework Programme for Research July 1999 European Commission Introduction Environmental Protection Press service on the results af European research Cultural heritage under the scrutiny of science The memory of Europeans is written in stone, transcribed in works of art and mirrored in objects that have founded their culture for centuries. Yet such vestiges of time are often seriously ailing. Why? Because atmospheric pollution, inappropriate methods of conservation and restoration, visitors in their droves ... have all taken their toll. Nursing the treasures back to health are climatologists, chemists, microbiologists, conservators, architects, engineers, all working together in pluridisciplinar}' teams under the aegis of the European Commission. Keywords: cultural heritage, conservation, restoration, protection The current picture Much of Europe's cultural heritage is to be found in an urban environment. Towns and cities are not only home to 80% of the European population, but are also major hubs of activity - subject to traffic, pollution and wear and tear. However, for several decades now, defaced and diseased monuments have been undergoing 'face-lifts' to restore their original lustre. Unfortunately, such operations all too often fail to respect the frailty of materials.