A manual for training in workplace health promotion

Eurofound — European Foundation For The Improvement Of Living And Working Conditions

Description

Working conditions
Health policy

Sujets

• Health education
• Health care system
• Computer networking
• Occupational safety and health
• Member state of the European Union

Informations

• Publié par: EUROFOUND-EUROPEAN-FOUNDATION-FOR-THE-IMPROVEMENT-OF-LIVING-AND-WORKING-CONDITIO
• Nombre de lectures: 40
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 4 Mo

Extrait

EUROPEAN FOUNDATION
for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions WORKPLACE
HEALTH
PROMOTION Richard Wynne
Work Research Centre Ltd.,
Dublin,
with contributions from the user's network
1997 A MANUAL FOR
TRAINING IN
WORKPLACE
H E ALTH
PROMOTION
by Richard Wynne
• * • EUROPEAN FOUNDATION
+ aß\*ir for tne Improvement of Living and Working Conditions
• ^^ * WyattvillWyattvillee Road Road,, Loughlinstown Louqhlinstown,, Co Co.. Dublin Dublin,, Ireland Ireland. .
* • * Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone]
E-Mail: [e-mail] The paper used in this book is chlorine-free and comes from managed forests in Northern Europe.
For every tree felled, at least one new tree is planted.
Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication
Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1998
ISBN 92-828-2611-2
© European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, 1998
For rights of translation or reproduction, applications should be made to the Director,
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions,
Wyattville Road, Loughlinstown, Co. Dublin, Ireland.
Printed in Ireland TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 - Objectives of the Manual 1
1.1 Background and development of the manual
1.2 Objecti ves of the manual 2
Chapter 2 - The Background to the Training Specification 4
2.1 The EF research programme 4
2.2 The emergence health of WHP 12
2.3 The nature of WHP3
2.4 Health and Safety and WHP9
2.5 Marketing WHP
2.6 Literature underlying the training manual 21
2.7 Training for WHP8
2.8 Summary 30
Chapter - The Philosophy of the Training Manual 3
3.1 The approach
3.2 Flexibility2
3.3 Participation
3.4 Integration3
3.5 Multi-disciplinarity
3.6 Needs analysis
Chapter 4 - The Training Specification Framework 34
4.1 A framework for the training specification
4.2 The Health Promotion Process 3
4.3 Relationships between the phases of the HP process6
4.4 Target groups7
4.5 Roles and occupational titles8
Chapter 5 - The Training Specification 40
5.1 Introduction 4
5.2 Using the training specification 51
Chapter 6. Training courses in action3
6.1 Introduction
6.2 The training network
6.3 Approaches to training4
6.4 Dealing with multi-disciplinary groups6
6.5 Matching the specification to local contexts 58
6.6 Training needs analysis 60
6.7 Generating training materials
6.8 Overcoming barriers to developing training5 Chapter 7. Training courses from around Europe 68
7.1 Introduction 6
7.2 Finland
7.3 France 71
7.4 Germany3
7.5 Greece4
7.6 Netherlands5
7.7 Ireland7
7.8 Italy8
7.9 Portugal 80
7.10 Spain
7.11 Sweden
7.12 United Kingdom
7.13 Hungary
7.14 Poland
References 9
Appendix 1 - Members of the training network 96
Appendix 2 - Training courses implemented using the specification 98
Appendix 3 - Background to WHP development in Hungary 10
Appendix 4 - Portuguese Training Course: Course exercise and results of exercise 111
Appendix 5 - Annotated bibliography of WHP 122
Appendix 6 - Overview of the training framework 143
VI This chapter outlines the process of developing the specification and the reasons
why it was developed in the first instance. It then details the objectives of the
specification document, and outlines how these objectives are supported by the
various parts of the document.
1.1 Background It has become evident in recent years that there has been an increase in the level
and development of workplace health promotion taking place in companies throughout the Western
of the manual world. This increase is especially evident in the United States and Canada, but there
has also been a more recent increase in activity in countries of the European Union.
The studies carried out by the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living
and Working Conditions (Wynne and Clarkin, 1992) detailed levels of workplace
health promotion activity in seven EU countries and the decision in 1995 of DG-V
of the European Commission to set up a network of agencies providing regular
information on workplace health promotion offers further evidence of the impetus
for workplace health promotion.
Other research commissioned by the European Foundation documented the lack of
training and educational courses dedicated to workplace health promotion (Wynne,
1993). A survey of people active in the area revealed no training or educational
courses devoted to the specific topic of workplace health promotion anywhere in the
EU. In practice, there were many courses covering general health promotion, and
there were other courses dealing with health and safety at work, but there appeared
to be a complete lack of training in relation to the unique characteristics of
workplace health promotion. In addition, survey work with experts in the field
revealed that many professionals in the area of workplace health promotion felt that
they were insufficiently skilled for the work they were performing.
A critical issue facing the development of workplace health promotion in Europe
concerns the lack of consensus about what exactly constitutes workplace health
promotion. Where the phrase is recognised at all, and in some countries the
translation of the phrase has no commonly understood meaning, there are
considerable differences in what is understood by the term. This situation has arisen
partly because many of the personnel involved in workplace health promotion -
including health and safety personnel, occupational physicians and nurses, public
health personnel wishing to use the workplace as a setting for health promotion,
personnel and welfare staff within enterprises, and a range of consultants external to
the enterprise do not share a common vision of workplace health promotion, and
indeed, do not always share the same objectives.
The confusion around the meaning of the term and the fact that the practice of
workplace health promotion was not always based on any theoretical concept of the
term, pointed to a need for clarity in the area. This needed to happen not only for
reasons of theory, but primarily because concerns could be voiced about the
effectiveness of what was often termed workplace health promotion. Much of the
practice of workplace health promotion drew heavily on US models, and often
consisted of narrowly defined activities taking place for limited periods using
methods which showed little recognition of the peculiarities of the workplace as a
setting. These issues were recognised in a conference held in December 1992 organised by
the European Foundation. This e (Action for health at Work: The Next
Steps - Wynne, 1993) identified four main areas where action was needed to support
the further development of workplace health promotion. These were:
Q Professional development
□ Organisational change for health
□ Marketing and incentives for workplace health promotion
□ Implementation - strategies, instruments and methods
Of particular interest in the present context is the recommendation concerning
professional development. The experts reported, inter alia, that there were
insufficient numbers of adequately trained personnel, that there was a slow pace of
development of the skills necessary for workplace health promotion and that there
was a lack of the necessary infrastructure to train people in workplace health
promotion.
These considerations led to a decision by the European Foundation to develop the
training specification for workplace health promotion. A draft text was made
available in the Autumn of 1994. That first version of the specification set out a
framework from which training courses targeted at almost any group could be
developed.
A programme of dissemination was then undertaken with the aim of encouraging the
use and implementation of the specification in as wide a range of
training/educational sites as possible, and in as many European countries as
possible. This action programme has been successful to the extent that more than 20
sites are in the process of using the specification, with approximately 10,000
students due to have been trained on courses based on the specification by the end
of 1997.
Late in 1996, an evaluation of the usage of the specification was undertaken (see
Wynne and O'Brien, 1997), with the aim of assessing the experience of the various
training sites in using the specification. As a result of this evaluation, a number of
changes to the specification were suggested, and this current version of the
specification reflects these changes.
1.2 Objectives of The objectives of the specification are manifold. They are concerned with the
the manual need to clarify the concept, the need to promote good training/educational practice
and the need to support trainers and educators in the process of developing courses
in workplace health promotion. In brief, the objectives of the specification are:
J To present an integrated, comprehensive, understandable and useful
definition of workplace health promotion.
□ To propose an idealised model of how workplace health promoti