Purchasing power parities and gross domestic product in real terms. Results 1985

European Commission Eurostat

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Economy and finance
Consumers' health

Sujets

• Economic statistics
• Produit intérieur brut
• Consumption (economics)
• Autriche
• Member state of the European Union
• Japan (manga)
• forme

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• Publié par: EUROPEAN-COMMISSION-EUROSTAT
• Nombre de lectures: 27
• EAN13: 928258075
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 6 Mo

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PURCHASING POWER PARITIES AND GROSS 1
DOMESTIC PRODUCT IN REAL TERMS
RESULTS 1985
PARITES DE POUVOIR D'ACHAT ET
PRODUIT INTÉRIEUR BRUT RÉEL
RÉSULTATS 1985
Economy and finance
Économie et finances
i
Accounts, surveys and statistics
Comptes, enquêtes et statistiques eurostat
OFICINA ESTADÍSTICA DE LAS COMUNIDADES EUROPEAS
DE EUROPÆISKE FÆLLESSKABERS STATISTISKE KONTOR
STATISTISCHES AMT DER EUROPÄISCHEN GEMEINSCHAFTEN
ΣΤΑΤΙΣΤΙΚΗ ΥΠΗΡΕΣΙΑ ΤΩΝ ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΩΝ ΚΟΙΝΟΤΗΤΩΝ
STATISTICAL OFFICE OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
OFFICE STATISTIQUE DES COMMUNAUTÉS EUROPÉENNES
ISTITUTO STATISTICO DELLE COMUNITÀ EUROPEE
BUREAU VOOR DE STATISTIEK DER EUROPESE GEMEENSCHAPPEN
SERVIÇO DE ESTATÍSTICA DAS COMUNIDADES EUROPEIAS
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Encomendas: serviços de venda cujos endereços estão indicados na contracapa. PURCHASING POWER PARITIES AND GROSS
DOMESTIC PRODUCT IN REAL TERMS
RESULTS 1985
PARITES DE POUVOIR D'ACHAT ET
PRODUIT INTÉRIEUR BRUT RÉEL
RÉSULTATS 1985 This volume is also available in the following languages:
Cette publication est éditée aussi dans les langues suivantes:
DE/IT ISBN 92-825-8076-8
Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication
Une fiche bibliographique figure à la fin de l'ouvrage
Luxembourg: Office des publications officielles des Communautés européennes, 1988
ISBN 92-825-8075-X
Cat.: CA-50-87-025-2A-C
© ECSC-EEC-EAEC, Brussels · Luxembourg, 1988
Reproduction is authorized, except for commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged.
© CECA-CEE-CEEA, Bruxelles · Luxembourg, 1988
Reproduction autorisée, sauf à des fins commerciales, moyennant indication de la source.
Printed in Belgium CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION 1
II. THE PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING PARITIES
1. General, framework 5
2. The classification 6
3. The list of products 7
4. The definition of products 9
5. The weightings 10
III. VALUATION OF PRICES2
1. Final consumption of households 1
1.1 General remarks
1.2 The price survey4
1.3 Analysis of the data5
2. The specific sectors of households' consumption 16
2.1 Rents 1
2.2 Health8
3. Collective consumption of general government
3.1 General remarks9
3.2. Compensation of employees 20
3.3. Purchases of goods and services and
fixed capital consumption1
4. Gross fixedl formation
4.1. General remarks 22
4.2. Equipment goods3
4.3. Building and civil engineering 25
IV. CALCULATION OF PARITIES AND REAL VALUES8
1. Calculation of parities at basic heading level 2
2. The aggregation method 31
3. The choice of the numeraire2
V. RESULTS OF THE COMPARISON
1. Preliminary remarks3
2. The utilisation of the results4
3. The types of results presented 35
4. Results for the Community countries and
a number of OECD countries
4.1. Gross domestic product6
4.2. The uses of GDP 40
5. The detailed results for the Community countries 5
5.1. Price level indices 5
5.2. Per capita value and volume indices 64
III ANNEXES
- Nominal values in national currency 68
-ls in ECU 70
- Purchasing power parities (1 P.P.S. = ) 72
- Real values (in P.P.S.)4
- Volume indices (EUR-12 = 100)6
- Real values per capita (in P.P.S.)8
- Per capita volume indices (EUR-12 = 100) 8
- Price level indices (EUR-12 = 100) 82
IV INTRODUCTION
This publication continues the series of studies carried out by the
Statistical Office of the European Communities, in cooperation with the
Member States, for the base years 1970, 1975 and 1980 on the establishment
of purchasing power parities and comparisons in real terms of gross
domestic product and its components between the Community countries.
The calculation of purchasing power parities became necessary once it was
realized that international comparisons of gross domestic product (GDP)
based on conversion into a common currency using exchange rates did not
provide a reliable indication of the volume of goods and services intended
for a particular final use. For many years it had been assumed, in the
absence of information to the contrary, that exchange rates could be
considered, at least during periods of relative stability between the
currencies, as representative of purchasing power parity rates, but this
assumption had already been refuted by the studies carried by Gilbert and
Kravis in the 1950s.
The exchange rate does not necessarily reflect the real purchasing power of
a currency on the national territory. It is determined mainly, on the one
hand, by the demand for and supply of foreign currency needed to pay for
the goods and services traded between countries and, on the other hand, by
factors such as capital flows, whether or not the country belongs to a
monetary system, speculation, and the political and economic situation in
the country. Consequently, comparison of data converted by means of
exchange rates can be subject to considerable distortions, varying from
country to country and sector to sector. The fluctuation of the dollar
exchange rate in the last few years is the best example of this: a
comparison of the per capita GDP of the United States over the period
1985/end-1987 based on a conversion using the exchange rate would show that
America's GDP has fallen by some 60%, reflecting the depreciation of the
dollar during this period, whereas the purchasing power of the dollar in
the United States has remained virtually unchanged.
Purchasing power parities are therefore a means of improving the
comparability of values expressed in national currency, in particular the
values of national accounts aggregates such as gross domestic product and
its main uses, i.e. final consumption of households, collective consumption
and gross capital formation. By correlating them with exchange rates it is
possible to measure price Levels between countries. Their utilisation as
conversion rate for the values in national currency ma