Allelic and genotypic associations of DRD2 TaqI A polymorphism with heroin dependence in Spanish subjects: a case control study

Perez, Baiget Montserrat, Trujols Joan, Sinol Nuria, Volpini Victor, Banuls Enrique, Calafell Francesc, Luquero Elena, Del, Alvarez, Alvarez Enric

Description

Conflicting associations with heroin dependence have been found involving the A1 allele of dopamine D2 receptor gene ( DRD2 ) Taq I A polymorphism. Methods We compared two samples of unrelated Spanish individuals, all of European origin: 281 methadone-maintained heroin-dependent patients (207 males and 74 females) who frequently used non-opioid substances, and 145 control subjects (98 males and 47 females). Results The A1-A1 genotype was detected in 7.1% of patients and 1.4% of controls ( P = 0.011, odds ratio = 5.48, 95% CI 1.26–23.78). Although the A1 allele was not associated with heroin dependence in the entire sample, the frequency of A1 allele was higher in male patients than in male controls (24.4% vs. 16.3%, P = 0.024, odds ratio = 1.65, 95% CI 1.07–2.57). A logistic regression analysis showed an interaction between DRD2 alleles and gender (odds ratio = 1.77, 95% CI 1.15–2.70). Conclusion Our results indicate that, in Spanish individuals, genotypes of the DRD2 Taq I A polymorphism contribute to variations in the risk of heroin dependence, while single alleles contribute only in males.

Informations

• Publié par: biomed
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2007
• Nombre de lectures: 9
• Langue: English

Extrait

Behavioral and Brain Functions

BioMedCentral

Open Access Research Allelic and genotypic associations ofDRD2 TaqI A polymorphism with heroin dependence in Spanish subjects: a case control study 1,5 21 1 Jose Perez de los Cobos*, Montserrat Baiget, Joan Trujols, Nuria Sinol, 3 14 1 Victor Volpini, Enrique Banuls, Francesc Calafell, Elena Luquero, 2 1 Elisabeth del Rioand Enric Alvarez

1 2 Address: AddictiveBehaviours Unit of Psychiatry Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain,Genetics Department, 3 Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain,Center for Molecular Genetic – Diagnosis of Hereditary Diseases, Cancer 4 Research Institute (IRO)IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain,Unitat de Biologia Evolutiva, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, 5 Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain andPsychiatry Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Avda Sant Antoni M. Claret, 167. 08025, Barcelona, Spain Email: Jose Perez de los Cobos*  [e-mail]; Montserrat Baiget  [e-mail]; Joan Trujols  [e-mail]; Nuria Sinol  [e-mail]; Victor Volpini  [e-mail]; Enrique Banuls  [e-mail]; Francesc Calafell  [e-mail]; Elena Luquero  [e-mail]; Elisabeth del Rio  [e-mail]; Enric Alvarez  [e-mail] * Corresponding author

Published: 1 June 2007Received: 23 April 2007 Accepted: 1 June 2007 Behavioral and Brain Functions2007,3:25 doi:10.1186/1744-9081-3-25 This article is available from: http://www.behavioralandbrainfunctions.com/content/3/1/25 © 2007 de los Cobos et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract Background:Conflicting associations with heroin dependence have been found involving the A1 allele of dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2)TaqI A polymorphism. Methods:We compared two samples of unrelated Spanish individuals, all of European origin: 281 methadone-maintained heroin-dependent patients (207 males and 74 females) who frequently used non-opioid substances, and 145 control subjects (98 males and 47 females). Results:The A1-A1 genotype was detected in 7.1% of patients and 1.4% of controls (P= 0.011, odds ratio = 5.48, 95% CI 1.26–23.78). Although the A1 allele was not associated with heroin dependence in the entire sample, the frequency of A1 allele was higher in male patients than in male controls (24.4% vs. 16.3%,P= 0.024, odds ratio = 1.65, 95% CI 1.07–2.57). A logistic regression analysis showed an interaction betweenDRD2alleles and gender (odds ratio = 1.77, 95% CI 1.15– 2.70). Conclusion:Our results indicate that, in Spanish individuals, genotypes of theDRD2 TaqI A polymorphism contribute to variations in the risk of heroin dependence, while single alleles contribute only in males.

Background A better understanding of the etiology of heroin depend ence is crucial for improving the prevention and treatment of this severe mental disorder. Genes that could be risk

factors for heroin dependence have not been consistently identified; however, genetic epidemiology studies have shown that they do have an impact. These studies, with one exception [1], also suggest that such genetic factors

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