Anthelmintic resistance of Haemonchus contortus and the FAMACHA-method as a tool to delay the development of anthelmintic resistance [Elektronische Ressource] / von Miriam Carmen Scheuerle

Miriam C. Scheuerle

Informations

• Publié par: ludwig-maximilians-universitat_munchen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 32
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 5 Mo

Extrait

ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE OF HAEMONCHUS
©CONTORTUS AND THE FAMACHA -METHOD
AS A TOOL TO DELAY THE DEVELOPMENT OF
ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE
MIRIAM SCHEUERLE
INAUGURAL-DISSERTATION
zur Erlangung
der veterinärbiologischen Doktorwürde
(Dr. rer. biol. vet.)
der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
édition scientifique
VVB LAUFERSWEILER VERLAG
VVB LAUFERSWEILER VERLAG ISBN 3-8359-5432-6
STAUFENBERGRING 15
D-35396 GIESSEN
Tel: [phone] Fax: -5599890
[e-mail]
www.doktorverlag.de 9 7 8 3 8 3 5 9 5 4 3 2 8
édition scientifique
VVB VVB LAUFERSWEILER VERLAG
MIRIAM SCHEUERLE HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS IN SMALL RUMINANTSDas Werk ist in allen seinen Teilen urheberrechtlich geschützt.
Jede Verwertung ist ohne schriftliche Zustimmung des Autors
oder des Verlages unzulässig. Das gilt insbesondere für
Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen
und die Einspeicherung in und Verarbeitung durch
elektronische Systeme.
1. Auflage 2009
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of the Author or the Publishers.
st1 Edition 2009
© 2009 by VVB LAUFERSWEILER VERLAG, Giessen
Printed in Germany
édition scientifique
VVB LAUFERSWEILER VERLAG
STAUFENBERGRING 15, D-35396 GIESSEN
Tel: [phone] Fax: [phone]
email: [e-mail]
www.doktorverlag.de

Aus dem Lehrstuhl für Vergleichende Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie
der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München
Vorstand: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Kurt Pfister



ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE OF HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS
©AND THE FAMACHA -METHOD AS A TOOL TO DELAY THE
DEVELOPMENT OF ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE












INAUGURAL-DISSERTATION
zur Erlangung
der veterinärbiologischen Doktorwürde (Dr. rer. biol. vet.)
der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München




von


MIRIAM CARMEN SCHEUERLE

aus Lindenberg im Allgäu




München 2009


Gedruckt mit Genehmigung der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-
Universität München








Dekan: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Braun
Berichterstatter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Pfister
Korreferent: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Potschka
















Tag der Promotion: 17. Juli 2009










Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde nach § 6 Abs. 2 der Promotionsordnung für die Tierärztliche
Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München als kumulative Dissertation gestaltet.









IN ERINNERUNG AN MEINEN OPA
(1929-2008)



II


TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABBREVIATIONS .....................................................................................................................V
GLOSSARY .............................................................................................................................. VI
PRESENTATIONSVII

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES..................................................................................... 1

LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................ 2
1. Gastrointestinal parasites in small ruminants ...................................................................... 2
1.1. Gastrointestinal nematodes ........................................................................................... 2
1.2. Trichostrongylidosis ..................................................................................................... 3
1.2.1. Haemonchus contortus (Family: Trichostrongylidae)........................................... 4
1.2.2. Trichostrongylus spp., Teladorsagia spp. and Cooperia spp. (Family:
Trichostrongylidae).......................................................................................................... 5
1.2.3. Nematodirus spp. (Family: Molineidae)................................................................ 5
1.2.4. Chabertia spp. and Oesophagostomum spp. (Family: Chabertiidae) .................... 6
1.3. Other important gastrointestinal parasites of small ruminants ..................................... 6
2. Anthelmintic treatment schemes.......................................................................................... 7
3. Anthelmintic Resistance ......................................................................................................8
3.1. Detection of anthelmintic resistance............................................................................. 9
3.1.1. Faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT).............................................................. 9
4. Strategies for worm management ...................................................................................... 10
4.1. Targeted Selective Treatment ..................................................................................... 10
4.2. Refugia........................................................................................................................ 11
©4.3. The FAMACHA -method.......................................................................................... 12

MATERIALS AND METHODS............................................................................................... 13
1. Parasitological Techniques ................................................................................................ 13
1.1. Mode of Sampling....................................................................................................... 13
1.2. Standard coprological methods................................................................................... 13
1.3. Collection of third-stage larvae 13
1.4. The McMaster Faecal egg count method.................................................................... 14 III

1.5. Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test............................................................................... 14
1.6. Determination of packed cell volume (PCV).............................................................. 15
2. Study flocks ....................................................................................................................... 15
2.1. Flocks selected for the coprological survey................................................................ 15
2.2. Flocks selected for the anthelmintic resistance study................................................. 15
©2.3. Goat flocks of the FAMACHA study ....................................................................... 17
©3. The application of the FAMACHA -Method ................................................................... 19
4. Statistical analyses ............................................................................................................. 20
4.1. Anthelmintic resistance............................................................................................... 20
©4.2. The FAMACHA -study ............................................................................................. 20

RESULTS .................................................................................................................................. 22
1. Epidemiological survey of sheep flocks in Baden-Wuerttemberg .................................... 22
1.1. Prevalence of parasite species in the flocks................................................................ 22
2. Anthelmintic resistance of GIN of small ruminants in Germany and Switzerland ........... 26
2.1. Faecal egg count reduction in nine treatment groups ................................................. 26
2.1.1. Negative faecal egg count reductions .................................................................. 27
2.1.2. Blackforest-flock.................................................................................................. 30
3. Clinical signs of parasite infection..................................................................................... 32
©4. Evaluation of the FAMACHA -method in Switzerland ................................................... 33
©4.1. Packed cell volume and FAMACHA -categories...................................................... 33
©4.2. Faecal egg count and FAMACHA .......................................................... 34
4.3. Classification of packed cell volume ranges............................................................... 35
4.3.1. Decisions for treatment according to different PCV-classifications.................... 35
4.4. Prevalence of Haemonchus contortus in the study goats................