Applications of high voltage circuit breakers and development of aging models [Elektronische Ressource] / Phuwanart Choonhapran

Informations

• Publié par: technischen_universitat_darmstadt
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2008
• Nombre de lectures: 28
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Applications of High Voltage Circuit-Breakers
and Development of Aging Models



Vom Fachbereich 18
– Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik –
der Technischen Universität Darmstadt
zur Erlangung der Würde eines
Doktor-Ingenieurs
(Dr.-Ing.)


genehmigte Dissertation


M. Sc. Phuwanart Choonhapran
geboren am 19. Juni 1976
in Bangkok



Referent: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gerd Balzer
Korreferent: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Armin Schnettler


Tag der Einreichung: 12. Oktober 2007
Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 7. Dezember 2007


D 17
Darmstadt 2007
Acknowledgements


This thesis was carried out during my time at the “Institut für Elektrische Energieversorgung”,
Darmstadt University of Technology.

Firstly, I would like to thank Prof. Dr. G. Balzer for the great opportunity to let me pursue my
Ph.D. here and his support during my research. I am very grateful to him for letting me attend
many conferences in my area of expertise. I wish to thank Dr. Claessens, ABB, for his support
and valuable information.

I wish to thank Prof. Dr. A. Schnettler for reading and co-referring my thesis and other
professors for agreeing to serve on my thesis committee.

I would like to thank Prof. Dr. W.G. Coldewey and Pornpongsuriya’s family for the initial
connection and processing in Germany. Without their help, it would not be possible to start
doing my Ph.D. here.

Many thanks to Dr. Bohn who contacted and helped me manage things before and after I
came to Germany.

I would like to thank Mr. Matheson for reading the manuscript and his suggestions. Many
thanks to my colleagues at the “Institut für Elektrische Energieversorgung” for their help and
support.

Finally, I would like to thank my parents for their support and encouragement during my
years in Darmstadt.

Darmstadt, December 2007

Phuwanart Choonhapran i
Contents

1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Motivation .................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Research Objectives ................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Thesis Organization.................................................................................................... 3

2 Fundamentals of HV Circuit-Breakers............................................................................... 5
2.1 Functions and Components of HV Circuit-Breakers ................................................. 5
2.2 Arc Interruption.......................................................................................................... 7
2.3 Circuit-Breaker Classification.................................................................................... 8
2.4 Types of Circuit-Breakers ........................................................................................ 10
2.4.1 Oil Circuit-Breakers ......................................................................................... 10
2.4.2 Air-Blast Circuit-Breakers ............................................................................... 12
2.4.3 Vacuum Circuit-Breakers................................................................................. 13
2.4.4 SF Circuit-Breakers 14 6
2.5 Switching Transients and Applications of HV Circuit-Breakers ............................. 17
2.5.1 Three-Phase Short-Circuit Interruption at Terminal ........................................ 17
2.5.2 Capacitive Current Interruption ....................................................................... 20
2.5.3 Small Inductive Current Interruption ............................................................... 22
2.5.4 Short-Line Fault Interruption ........................................................................... 24
2.5.5 Circuit-Breakers Installed for Generator Protection ........................................ 25
2.6 Summary of Reliability Surveys of HV Circuit-Breakers by CIGRE ..................... 26

3 Switching Stresses of HV Circuit-Breakers ..................................................................... 29
3.1 Switching Stress Parameters .................................................................................... 29
3.1.1 Interrupted Currents ......................................................................................... 29
3.1.2 Transient Recovery Voltages and Rate of Rise of Recovery Voltages............ 31
3.2 Effects of Grounding and Types of Applications to
Stresses of HV Circuit-Breakers .............................................................................. 33
3.2.1 Test System Configurations, Specifications and Modelling of Equipment ..... 33
3.2.2 Simulation Cases.............................................................................................. 34
3.2.3 Simulation Conditions...................................................................................... 37
3.2.4 Results of Simulations 38 ii
3.2.5 Conclusions ...................................................................................................... 43
3.3 Stresses of HV Circuit-Breakers by Combined Statistical Method ......................... 44
3.3.1 Concepts of Combined Statistical Method....................................................... 44
3.3.2 Investigation of HV Circuit-breaker Database................................................. 44
3.3.3 Data Evaluation and Analysis .......................................................................... 46
3.3.4 Implementation of Combined Statistical Method ............................................ 47
3.3.5 Results of Combined Statistical Method.......................................................... 49

4 Failure Modes and Effects Analysis................................................................................. 53
4.1 Concepts and Definitions ......................................................................................... 53
4.2 Patterns of Failures................................................................................................... 55
4.3 Steps of Failure Modes and Effects Analysis for HV Circuit-Breakers .................. 57
4.3.1 Failure Database and Investigation .................................................................. 57
4.3.2 Functions of HV Circuit-Breakers ................................................................... 58
4.3.3 Functional Failure Modes of HV Circuit-Breakers.......................................... 58
4.3.4 Causes of Failures ............................................................................................ 59
4.3.5 Consequences of Failures................................................................................. 59
4.3.6 Failure Detection .............................................................................................. 61
4.4 Failure Modes and Effects Analysis Evaluation Process ......................................... 62
4.5 Results of Failure Modes and Effects Analysis ....................................................... 64
4.6 Risk Assessment of HV Circuit-Breakers................................................................ 66

5 Probability and Reliability Models .................................................................................. 69
5.1 Probability Distributions in Reliability Evaluation.................................................. 69
5.1.1 The Reliability Function................................................................................... 69
5.1.2 Failure Rate Function....................................................................................... 70
5.1.3 Mean Time to Failure 73
5.1.4 The Exponential Distribution........................................................................... 74
5.1.5 The Weibull Distribution ................................................................................. 76
5.2 Treeing Model .......................................................................................................... 78
5.2.1 Concepts and Diagram ..................................................................................... 79
5.2.2 Results of Treeing Diagram ............................................................................. 83
5.3 Cascading Reliability Model.................................................................................... 85
5.3.1 Investigation of Failure Database..................................................................... 85
5.3.2 Principle of Cascading Reliability Model ........................................................ 87 iii
5.3.3 Results of Investigation.................................................................................... 88
5.3.4 Conclusions ...................................................................................................... 94

6 The Application of Markov Model .................................................................................. 95
6.1 Principles of Markov Model 95
6.2 Reliability Parameters ..................................