Arable weed vegetation and germination traits of frequent weeds in Kosovo [Elektronische Ressource] / presented by Arben Mehmeti

Mehmeti, Arben

Sujets

• Biologie

Informations

• Publié par: justus-liebig-universitat_giessen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 13
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

Extrait

Arable weed vegetation and
germination traits of frequent weeds
in Kosovo




Arben Mehmeti



























Division of Landscape Ecology and Landscape Planning
Justus-Liebig-University Giessen
Division of Landscape Ecology and Landscape Planning
Justus-Liebig-University Giessen
________________________________________________________________



Arable weed vegetation and germination traits of frequent weeds in Kosovo




Dissertation submitted to the
Faculty 09
Agricultural Sciences, Nutritional Sciences and Environmental Managament
Justus-Liebig University Giessen

for the degree of
Doctor agriculturae (Dr. agr.)



presented by
M. Agric. Sc. Arben Mehmeti


Giessen, September 2009





Dean of the Faculty: Prof. Dr. Ingrid-Ute Leonhaeuser

Accepted on the recommendation of
PD Dr. Rainer Waldhardt, examiner
Prof. Dr. Bernd Honermeier, co-examiner

Further members of the examination board:
Prof. Dr. Dr. Annette Otte (chair)
Prof. Dr. Siegfried Bauer
Prof. Dr. Adem Demaj Date of defence: November 11, 2009
List of publications

The thesis ‘Arable weed vegetation and germination traits of frequent weeds in Kosovo’ is
based on the following three papers:
I. Mehmeti, A., Demaj, A., Waldhardt, R., 2008. Ackernutzung und aktuelle Ackervegeta-
tion im Kosovo. - Naturschutz und Biologische Vielfalt 60: 61-66.
II. Mehmeti, A., Demaj, A., Waldhardt, R., 2009. Plant species richness and composition in
the arable land of Kosovo. - Landscape Online 11: 1-29.
III. Mehmeti, A., Demaj, A., Waldhardt, R., submitted. Germination traits of three
problematic arable weed species in Kosovo. - Originally submitted to Web Ecology.

Author’s contribution:
In paper I and II, I had the main responsibility for design, field work, data analysis and
writing. The co-authors contributed valuable suggestions and comments. The first co-author,
A. Demaj, performed support in the field survey. The second co-author, R. Waldhardt, helped
to translate paper I into German.
In paper III, I had the main responsibility for design, field work, data analysis and writing.
The first co-author, A. Demaj, performed support in the field experiment. The first and second
co-authors contributed constructive suggestions and provided helpful ideas.


Paper I is reprinted with permission of the German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation
(BfN). Paper II is reprinted with permission of the International Association for Landscape
Ecology, Regional Chapter Germany (IALE-Region Deutschland e.V.).
ii CONTENTS
Contents

List of publications.....................................................................................................................ii
Contents .................................................................................................................................... iii
List of figures ............................................................................................................................ vi
List of tables .............................................................................................................................vii

1 General introduction and objectives ................................................................................... 1
2. Study area ............................................................................................................................. 4
2.1 Topography, climate and soils........................................................................................ 5
2.2 Population and economy ................................................................................................ 6
2.3 Agricultural land use ......................................................................................................6
3. Material and Methods........................................................................................................ 10
3.1 Vegetation sampling in cultivated and recently abandoned arable fields .................... 10
3.2 Documentation of site characteristics and land-use data.............................................. 10
3.3 Germination experiment in climate chambers and under field conditions................... 11
3.4 Data analysis and statistics ........................................................................................... 11
4. Ackernutzung und aktuelle Ackervegetation im Kosovo ............................................... 13
4.1 Einleitung ..................................................................................................................... 13
4.2 Untersuchungsgebiet und ackerbauliche Nutzung ....................................................... 14
4.3 Vegetationskundliche Methoden.................................................................................. 15
4.4 Ergebnisse und Diskussion 15
4.5 Zusammenfassung ........................................................................................................ 17
4.6 Summary ...................................................................................................................... 17
5. Plant species richness and composition in the arable land of Kosovo........................... 18
5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 18
5.2 Study region... 20
5.3 Material and methods ................................................................................................... 23
5.3.1 Vegetation sampling............................................................................................ 23
5.3.2 Documentation of environmental and land-use data........................................... 24
iii CONTENTS
5.3.3 Data analysis to test the first hypothesis ............................................................. 25
5.3.4 Data analysis and statistics to test the second hypothesis ................................... 26
5.3.5 Data analysis and statistics to test the third hypothesis....................................... 27
5.4 Results .......................................................................................................................... 29
5.4.1 Today’s and past arable weed flora in Kosovo (Hypothesis 1)........................... 29
5.4.2 Today’s flora and indicator species in the cultivated arable land
of two sub-regions of Kosovo (Hypothesis 2) .................................................... 31
5.4.3 Determinants of today’s species richness and composition ....................................
of Kosovo’s weed vegetation (Hypothesis 3) ..................................................... 32
5.5 Discussion .................................................................................................................... 37
5.5.1 Discussion of hypothesis 1 ‘At the regional scale, the arable weed flora...............
has changed since about 1980.’...........................................................................37
5.5.2 Discussion of hypothesis 2 ‘At the regional scale, today’s arable weed flora ........
differs between two sub-regions characterised by differences in climatic..............
conditions, agricultural production systems, and settlement history.’ ................ 38
5.5.3 Discussion of hypothesis 3 ‘At the plot scale, today’s arable weed vegetation......
is related to environmental features and agricultural management measures.’... 40
5.5.4 Summarising discussion...................................................................................... 41
5.6 Conclusions .................................................................................................................. 42
6. Germination traits of three problematic arable weed species in Kosovo...................... 54
6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 55
6.2 Occurrence, morphology and ecology of A. retroflexus, E. crus-galli, and
D. stramonium 56
6.3 Material and methods ................................................................................................... 59
6.3.1 Study region, seed collection and preparation .................................................... 59
6.3.2 Experiment 1: Germination experiment in climate chambers............................. 60
6.3.3 Experiment 2: Germination experiment under field conditions.......................... 61
6.3.4 Data analysis and statistics.................................................................................. 61
6.4 Results ...................................................