Aspects géographiques des migrations internes récentes et de la dynamique démographique des minorités ethniques en Grande Bretagne - article ; n°1 ; vol.15, pg 39-75

Philip Ogden, Yves Charbit, David Owen

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Revue européenne de migrations internationales - Année 1999 - Volume 15 - Numéro 1 - Pages 39-75
Aspects géographiques des migrations internes récentes et de la dynamique démographique des minorités ethniques en Grande-Bretagne.
David Owen.
Cet article analyse la mobilité des minorités ethniques à l'intérieur de la Grande Bretagne en relation avec les changements dans la répartition spatiale de la population qui s'est produite dans les années 1980. Ceux qui ont affecté les groupes ethniques entre 1981 et 1991 révèlent le mouvement de désurbanisation de la population blanche et la croissance rapide des groupes ethniques minoritaires dans les villes les plus grandes. Dans les flux, vers les localités plus petites, plus rurales ou plus éloignées, l'émigration de la population blanche l'emporte. La mobilité des groupes ethniques minoritaires s'est orientée sur un « axe d'urbanisation » qui s'étend de Londres à Manchester mais ces groupes ont aussi quitté le centre de Londres pour s'installer dans les banlieues.
Geographical patterns of recent migration and population change for minority ethnic groups within Great Britain.
David Owen.
This paper relates the migration of people from minority ethnic groups within Great Britain to spatial population change during the 1980s. The estimated geographical pattern of population change by ethnic group between 1981 and 1991 is described, demonstrating the continuing counter-urbanisation of white people and the rapid growth of minority ethnic group populations in the larger cities. The shift of population to smaller, more rural and remote places was dominated by the outward migration of white people. Migration patterns for minority ethnic groups were focussed upon the « axis of urbanisation » stretching from London to Manchester, but these ethnic groups were also moving outwards from central London to the surrounding suburbs.
Las minoróas étnicas en Gran Bretaña : aspectos geográficos de sus migraciones internas recientes y de sus dinámicas demográficas.
David Owen.
Este artículo analiza la movilidad de las minorias étnicas dentro de Gran Bretaña en relación con los cambios en lo concerniente a la distribución espacial de la población en la década de los ochenta. Así, los cambios que han afectado a los grupos étnicos entre 1981 y 1991 revelan un movimiento de desurbanización de la población blanca y un rápido crecimiento de los grupos étnicos minoritarios en las ciudades más grandes. En las corrientes migratorias hacia las localidades mas pequeñas, mas rurales, mas lejanas, la población blanca ha dominado. La movilidad de los grupos étnicos minoritarios se ha orientado hacia un « eje de urbanización » que se extiende desde Londres hasta Manchester. Pero estos grupos están también abandonando el centro de Londres para instalarse en los suburbios.
37 pages
Source : Persée ; Ministère de la jeunesse, de l’éducation nationale et de la recherche, Direction de l’enseignement supérieur, Sous-direction des bibliothèques et de la documentation.

Informations

• Publié par: REVUE_EUROPEENNE_DE_MIGRATIONS_INTERNATIONALES
• Publié le: 01 janvier 1999
• Nombre de lectures: 4
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 4 Mo

Extrait

David Owen
Aspects géographiques des migrations internes récentes et de
la dynamique démographique des minorités ethniques en
Grande Bretagne
In: Revue européenne de migrations internationales. Vol. 15 N°1. Migration et ethnicité au Royaume-Uni. pp. 39-75.
Citer ce document / Cite this document :
Owen David. Aspects géographiques des migrations internes récentes et de la dynamique démographique des minorités
ethniques en Grande Bretagne. In: Revue européenne de migrations internationales. Vol. 15 N°1. Migration et ethnicité au
Royaume-Uni. pp. 39-75.
doi : 10.3406/remi.1999.1664
http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/remi_0765-0752_1999_num_15_1_1664Résumé
Aspects géographiques des migrations internes récentes et de la dynamique démographique des
minorités ethniques en Grande-Bretagne.
David Owen.
Cet article analyse la mobilité des minorités ethniques à l'intérieur de la Grande Bretagne en relation
avec les changements dans la répartition spatiale de la population qui s'est produite dans les années
1980. Ceux qui ont affecté les groupes ethniques entre 1981 et 1991 révèlent le mouvement de
désurbanisation de la population blanche et la croissance rapide des groupes ethniques minoritaires
dans les villes les plus grandes. Dans les flux, vers les localités plus petites, plus rurales ou plus
éloignées, l'émigration de la population blanche l'emporte. La mobilité des groupes ethniques
minoritaires s'est orientée sur un « axe d'urbanisation » qui s'étend de Londres à Manchester mais ces
groupes ont aussi quitté le centre de Londres pour s'installer dans les banlieues.
Abstract
Geographical patterns of recent migration and population change for minority ethnic groups within Great
Britain.
David Owen.
This paper relates the migration of people from minority ethnic groups within Great Britain to spatial
population change during the 1980s. The estimated geographical pattern of population change by ethnic
group between 1981 and 1991 is described, demonstrating the continuing counter-urbanisation of white
people and the rapid growth of minority ethnic group populations in the larger cities. The shift of
population to smaller, more rural and remote places was dominated by the outward migration of white
people. Migration patterns for minority ethnic groups were focussed upon the « axis of urbanisation »
stretching from London to Manchester, but these ethnic groups were also moving outwards from central
London to the surrounding suburbs.
Resumen
Las minoróas étnicas en Gran Bretaña : aspectos geográficos de sus migraciones internas recientes y
de sus dinámicas demográficas.
David Owen.
Este artículo analiza la movilidad de las minorias étnicas dentro de Gran Bretaña en relación con los
cambios en lo concerniente a la distribución espacial de la población en la década de los ochenta. Así,
los cambios que han afectado a los grupos étnicos entre 1981 y 1991 revelan un movimiento de
desurbanización de la población blanca y un rápido crecimiento de los grupos étnicos minoritarios en
las ciudades más grandes. En las corrientes migratorias hacia las localidades mas pequeñas, mas
rurales, mas lejanas, la población blanca ha dominado. La movilidad de los grupos étnicos minoritarios
se ha orientado hacia un « eje de urbanización » que se extiende desde Londres hasta Manchester.
Pero estos grupos están también abandonando el centro de Londres para instalarse en los suburbios.Revue Européenne des Migrations Internationales, 1999 (15) 1 pp. 39-75 39
Geographical patterns of recent migration
and population change for minority
ethnic groups within Great Britain
David OWEN
INTRODUCTION
One of the most dynamic features of population change within Great Britain in
recent decades has been the rapid growth of the number of people from minority ethnic
groups1. While there have been small populations of people originating from beyond
Europe living in Britain for centuries, almost all the growth in these population groups
has occurred from the 1950s onwards (Haskey, 1997). Through the joint influence of
international migration and births in the UK, the minority population had reached over
3 million by 1991, just under half of whom (46,8 per cent) were British-born. The
geographical impact of the growth of this section of the has been highly
uneven. Initial immigration from New Commonwealth countries was into the major
cities, which were economically buoyant until the era of mass unemployment began in
the mid-1970s, and represented a source of demand for labour, especially in lower-
status occupations. Robinson (1993) has shown how the geographical distribution of
different ethnic groups migrating at different periods in time was strongly influenced
by the changing availability of employment and the existence of social and kin
networks. Analysis of the 1991 Census (Rees and Phillips, 1996 ; Owen, 1992) has
revealed that the bulk of the minority ethnic group population has remained
concentrated in the environs of the original foci of settlement, with Greater London and
the West Midlands metropolitan county containing the largest concentrations of
minority ethnic groups.
Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL. e-mail :
[e-mail]
The research reported in this paper was supported by two ESRC grants : « Changing spatial
location patterns of ethnic minorities in Great Britain, 1981-91 » (award H507255127) and
R000235344 « Internal Migration Patterns of Minority Ethnic Groups in Great Britain ». Results of
research carried out on behalf of the Department of the Environment is also reported in this paper. 40 David OWEN
As these ethnie groups become longer established within the UK and with the
emergence of second and third generations of British-born children, it might be
expected that people from minority ethnic groups would begin to move away from the
initial centres of concentration. A major problem in identifying such trends is the lack
of data, both on the geographical pattern of population change by ethnic group and on
the migration behaviour of minority ethnic groups. The 1991 Census provides detailed
information on migration patterns by ethnic group during 1990-91, but the only on longer term trends is that available from the ONS Longitudinal Study.
Robinson (1996) has used this source to show that indeed, British-born children of
immigrant parents from minority ethnic groups are more likely than first generation
migrants to live in areas of low minority ethnic group concentrations.
While the growth of new ethnic groups has bolstered the growth of the
national population over the last forty years or so (Coleman [1995] estimated that the
population of England and Wales in 1991 was around 3 million greater than it would
have been in the absence of New Commonwealth immigration), the same period has
witnessed dramatic shifts in the spatial distribution of the population within Britain,
with a general tendency for the population to become less concentrated into larger cities
and to move to smaller cities and towns and rural areas. This « counterurbanisation »
tendency (Champion, 1990) was perhaps at its strongest in the 1970s, since there is
evidence of a return of population growth in the larger cities of Britain during the
1980s. It seems that (at least in England) the rates of population change at different
levels of the urban hierarchy tended to converge during the 1980s, and this tendency
has continued into the 1990s (Atkins et ai, 1996).
This paper explores the relationship between the two phenomena of minority
ethnic group population growth and migration and the changing geographical
distribution of the population, through an analysis of how minority ethnic group
population change has contributed to population change in different types of district.
Census data for 1991 is used to study the pattern of migration by ethnic group, which is
set within the context of population change by ethnic group between 1981 and 1991,
calculated using 1991 Census data and a set of small-area population estimates by
ethnic group for 1981. The estimates of population change and the migration data for
1990-91 are linked with other sources of data on migration and change over
the decade1.
DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS FOR THE MINORITY ETHNIC
GROUP POPULATION OF GREAT BRITAIN
The growth of the minority ethnic group population of Great Britain to 3,015
million at the time of the 1991 Census was the result of international migration, and the
birth of children to migrants within the UK. This section provides the context for the
1 This term is used to refer This term is used to refer to people with a skin colour other than
white (who are alternatively referred to as ethnic minorities or visible minorities) and mainly
have their origins in the Caribbean. Indian sub-continent or south-east Asia.
REMI 1999(15) 1 pp. 39-75 I
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Geographical pat