Bioindication capacity of fish parasites for the assessment of water quality in the Danube River [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von Milen Nachev

Hb0045

Sujets

• Biologie

Informations

• Publié par: universitat_duisburg-essen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 47
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 4 Mo

Extrait

Bioindication capacity of fish parasites for the
assessment of water quality
in the Danube River


Inaugural-Dissertation
zur
Erlangung des Doktorgrades
Dr. rer. nat.

der Fakultät für
Biologie und Geografie
an der

Universität Duisburg-Essen

vorgelegt von
Milen Nachev

aus Sofia (Bulgarien)
Februar 2010

Die der vorliegenden Arbeit zugrunde liegenden Experimente wurden in der Abteilung
Angewandte Zoologie/Hydrobiologie der Universität Duisburg-Essen und am Zoologischen
Institut I der Universität Karlsruhe (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology).



1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. B. Sures

2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. H. Taraschewski

3. Gutachter: ______________________________________________



Vorsitzender des Prüfungsausschusses: ______________________________



Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 14.06.2010







``… as an ecosystem matures, parasitism naturally tends to evolve into mutualism; parasites
that fail to make that transition end up destroying their host and consequently themselves.
Human society must make the same transition … from exploitation of the natural
environment to harmonious interaction with it. The danger of destroying our host, the planet
earth, was new because until recently neither the size of the human population nor the extent
of humans’ technological manipulation of the environment had been great enough to affect
regional and global balances.``
Eugene Odum
(Craige, 2001)


Acknowledgements

In the first place, I would like to express my sincere thanks to my supervisor Prof. Dr. Bernd
Sures for giving me the opportunity to carry out this thesis, for the numerous advices and
discussions as well as for the constructive critique regarding my work. Thank you also for
introducing me the exciting world of parasites.
Special thanks to Prof. Dr. Horst Taraschewski for the support during my work at the
University of Karlsruhe.
I am very grateful to Dr. Sonja Zimmermann for helping me during the analytical part of my
work and for the various suggestions, which helped me to improve the dissertation.
Thanks are due Dr. Christoph Singer for teaching me how to use and maintain the mass
spectrometer.
Many thanks go to Mr. Jaroslav Slobodnik and Mr. Igor Liska from the JDS2 expert group for
giving me opportunity to obtain fish samples during the second Joint Danube Survey (JDS2).
All known und unknown fishermen in Bulgaria, who helped me to sample the fish material
for the dissertation, are also thanked.
Thanks are also due to Prof. Thierry Rigaud and Christine Dubreuil from University of
Burgundy (Dijon) for their help in parasite molecular identification.
Dr. František Moravec is thanked for the morphological identification and verification of the
founded nematode’s larvae.
Special thanks to Dr. Frankie Thielen and Dr. Marcel Münderle for the gathered experience
during the various parasitological investigations.
I am grateful to all my colleagues from the Department of Applied Zoology and Hydrobiology
for the nice working atmosphere and numerous nice unforgettable moments together. Special
thanks to Dr. Christian Feld for the statistical advices and to Elisabeth Müller-Peddinghaus,
Daniel Dangel, Sabrina Frank, Michelle Keppel, Kerstin Geiß and Nadine Haus for the
carefully corrections and remarks regarding the dissertation script.
I want to thank also Dr. Todor Hikov for the linguistic corrections and comments on the text
despite his non biological qualification, but well experienced in scientific English.
Many thanks go to my family and especially to my Mom for managing and helping me with
the frozen fish material and for the emotional support. I am also deeply indebted to my
brother Viktor Nachev for coordinating locally the sampling activities as well as for the many
nice sampling off-road trips/adventures with ``The Blue Submarine`` (Ford Escort Kombi),
which we made together. Thank you brother!!!
Thanks are due to all my Bulgarian friends and colleagues and mostly to Ilian Nikolov for the

support and pleasant company during the sampling trips as well as to Plamen Pankov and
Stephan Popov.
Last but not least I would like to thank the Landesgraduiertenförderung Baden-Württemberg
for the financial support.

Thank you all. Without your help the completion of my dissertation could not have been
possible.


Table of Contents I

Table of Contents
Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................ I
List of Figures ......................... III
List of Tables ............................ IV
Glossary ................................................................................................................................... VI
Background 8
1 The endohelminth fauna of barbel (Barbus barbus) correlates with water quality of the
Danube River in Bulgaria ................................................................................................ 14
1.1 Introduction ................................................................................... 14
1.2 Materials and Methods .. 15
1.2.1 Sampling sites .................................................................................................... 15
1.2.2 Fish sampling ..... 16
1.2.3 Determination of helminth community structure and statistical treatment ............ 18
1.2.4 Water quality ...................................................................................................... 18
1.3 Results ........................................................................................... 20
1.3.1 Total parasite fauna ............................................................. 20
1.3.2 Diversity of helminth communities ..................................... 22
1.3.3 Water quality classification ................................................. 25
1.4 Discussion ...................................................................................... 25
2 Is metal accumulation in Pomphorhynchus laevis dependent on parasite sex or
infrapopulation size? ....................................................................................................... 29
2.1 Introduction ................... 29
2.2 Materials and Methods .. 30
2.2.1 Sample collection ............................................................................................... 30
2.2.2 Molecular identification of Pomphorhynchus laevis ............................................ 31
2.2.3 Heavy metal analysis .......................... 32
2.2.4 Data analyses and statistical treatment ................................................................ 33
2.3 Results ........................................................................................... 34
2.3.1 Fish samples ....................................... 34
2.3.2 Analytical procedure .......................................................... 34
2.3.3 Element concentrations in barbel and Pomphorhynchus laevis ............................ 35
2.3.4 Accumulation differences with respect to parasite infra population size and sex .. 37
2.4 Discussion ...................................................................................................................... 40

Table of Contents II

3 Seasonal differences of metal accumulation in Pomphorhynchus laevis and its definitive
host Barbus barbus ........................................................................................................... 43
3.1 Introduction ................... 43
3.2 Materials and Methods .................................................................................................. 44
3.2.1 Fish samples ....... 44
3.2.2 Analytical procedure .......................... 45
3.2.3 Data analyses and statistical treatment ................................................................ 45
3.2.4 Element concentrations in the Danube River ....................... 45
3.3 Results ........................................................................................... 46
3.3.1 Analytical procedure .......................................................... 46
3.3.2 Element concentrations in fish tissues and parasite samples ................................ 46
3.3.3 Seasonal differences in acanthocephalan’s morphology ...... 48
3.3.4 Seasonal variation in concentrations of the elements accumulated by P. laevis .... 49
3.4 Discussion ...................................................................................................................... 51
4 Application of acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus laevis from its host barbel (Barbus
barbus) as metal indicator in the Danube River ............................................................. 57
4.1 Introduction ................................................................................... 57
4.2 Materials an